Univ., Diss.--Kiel, 2006.

The purpose of the study is to shed light on how educators in preschool use the story Berta to teach chemistry to children in preschool. The study consists of two sub-studies, partly an interview study and partly a text analysis. In the text analysis we have done a deductive analysis of Berta's experiment book, and in the interview study we have done six semi-structured interviews. For our text analysis, we have chosen to start from Berta's experiment book where the purpose was to find out which chemical phenomena’s and investigations are addressed in the story of Berta that educators can then apply in teaching. The results show that the focus is on the chemical phenomena of mixing and separation but also chemical reactions. The text analysis also examined which two types of studies are highlighted in connection with the experiments. In the result, demonstration has a dominant role. The results of the interviews showed the educators different ways of organizing and introducing Berta to the preschool activities. The educators in the study also experienced that the stories about Berta are a good tool as a complement to working with chemistry in preschool. It was clear from the results that there were opportunities but also challenges when it comes to the material and where, among other things, the importance of competence development and previous subject knowledge is highlighted as an important aspect for teaching. / Syftet med studien är att belysa hur pedagoger i förskolan använder berättelsen Berta för att undervisa kemi i förskolan. Studien består av två delstudier, dels en intervjustudie och dels en textanalys. I textanalysen har vi gjort en deduktiv analys av boken Bertas experimentbok, och i intervjustudien har vi gjort sex semistrukturerade intervjuer.  Till vår textanalys har vi valt att utgå från Bertas experimentbok där syftet var att ta reda på vilka kemiska fenomen och undersökningar som tas upp i berättelsen om Berta som pedagoger sedan kan tillämpa i undervisning. Resultatet visar att fokuset ligger på kemi-fenomenen blandning och separation men också kemiska reaktioner. I textanalysen undersöktes även vilka två typer av undersökningar som lyfts fram i samband med experimenten. I resultatet har demonstration en dominerande roll.  Resultatet av intervjuerna visade pedagogernas olika sätt att organisera och introducera Berta i verksamheten. Pedagogerna i studien upplevde även att berättelserna om Berta är ett bra verktyg som komplement för att arbeta med kemi i förskolan. Det framgick i resultatet att det fanns möjligheter men också utmaningar när det kommer till materialet och där bland annat vikten av kompetensutveckling och tidigare ämneskunskap lyfts som en viktig aspekt för undervisning.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:55:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giancarla.pdf: 941398 bytes, checksum: 0c6ab888a5905761a1c364bf7ffdd0da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-02 / The study here presented, based on the definitions of a few critics, such as Maurice Halbwachs, Ecléa Bosi, Henri Bergon, Luiza Lobo, Elaine Showalter, Roberto Reis, Cassirer, Durand, Bachelard, amongst others, aims, through readings of the selected corpus, at identifying some features of the literary discourse constructed in the narratives of Arriete Vilela (2011) and Berta Lucía Estrada Estrada (2008). The works chosen to be part of the corpus of this research are Féminas o el dulce aroma de las feromonas (2008) andVoces del silencio (2008), by Estrada Estrada, and Contos Reunidos (2011), which is a collection of the books Grande baú, a infância (2003), Maria Flor etc (2002), Tardios afetos (1999) and Farpa (1988), by Vilela. We have the objective of making a comparison among the short stories written by the two female authors from subjects that deal with memory, representation of women in society and literary interpretation through symbolic activity. Some considerations were made from the reading of these short stories, especially concerning the fact that history, memory and literature are related. The returning to the past, experienced by most of the characters inscribed in these narratives, is only possible through the manipulation of the language, what is evident in the life stories told by Vilela and Estrada Estrada. We also notice that a remembrance brought to a character s memory can be remembered or excluded, since the characters have different perceptions of the moment in which a fact occurs. Another possible observation given by the reading of the narratives is the one that the fictional and the historical discourses dialog between themselves by representing, interpreting and understanding the world through recollections and through language, because both discourses produce meaning and constitute a way of seeing the world, by making the past intelligible. In the case of the fact that the literary discourse is filled with representative elements, we observe that the literary texts here discussed accomplish the representation of women and their role in society. It should be noted that it was possible to understand how the imaginary reconstructs, changes or idealize the real. Therefore, we understood that the social life is impossible outside a symbolic net. / O estudo aqui empreendido, com base nas acepções de alguns críticos, como Maurice Halbwachs, Ecléa Bosi, Henri Bergon, Luiza Lobo, Elaine Showalter, Roberto Reis, Cassirer, Durand, Bachelard, dentre outros, pretende, por intermédio da leitura do corpus selecionado, identificar algumas características do discurso literário construído nas narrativas de Arriete Vilela (2011) e Berta Lucía Estrada Estrada (2008). As obras escolhidas são Féminas o el dulce aroma de las feromonas (2008) e Voces del silencio (2008), de Estrada Estrada, e Contos Reunidos (2011), o qual é uma coletânea dos livros Grande baú, a infância (2003), Maria Flor etc (2002), Tardios afetos (1999) e Farpa (1988), de Vilela. Temos como objetivo traçar um paralelo entre os contos das duas escritoras citadas a partir de temáticas que tratam da memória, da representação da mulher na sociedade e da interpretação literária por meio da atividade simbólica. Percebemos que, pela leitura dos contos, história, memória e literatura estão relacionadas, e a volta ao passado só é possível pela manipulação da linguagem. Inferimos, também, que uma lembrança trazida à memória de um personagem pode ser rememorada ou excluída, visto que os personagens têm percepções diferentes do momento em que um fato ocorre. Outra observação possível, a partir da leitura das narrativas, é a de que o discurso ficcional e o histórico dialogam entre si ao representar, interpretar e compreender o mundo por meio das recordações e da linguagem, visto que ambos os discursos produzem significados e se constituem como uma maneira de ver o mundo, ao tornar o passado inteligível. Em se tratando do fato de que o discurso literário está repleto de elementos representativos, observamos que os textos literários abordados efetivam a representação da mulher e o seu papel na sociedade. Entendemos, também, que a vida social é impossível fora de uma rede simbólica, pois o imaginário reconstrói, modifica, transforma ou idealiza o real.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:55:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giancarla Bombonato.pdf: 941396 bytes, checksum: 9a73234127160862b437151f2e6fcf82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-02 / The study here presented, based on the definitions of a few critics, such as Maurice Halbwachs, Ecléa Bosi, Henri Bergon, Luiza Lobo, Elaine Showalter, Roberto Reis, Cassirer, Durand, Bachelard, amongst others, aims, through readings of the selected corpus, at identifying some features of the literary discourse constructed in the narratives of Arriete Vilela (2011) and Berta Lucía Estrada Estrada (2008). The works chosen to be part of the corpus of this research are Féminas o el dulce aroma de las feromonas (2008) andVoces del silencio (2008), by Estrada Estrada, and Contos Reunidos (2011), which is a collection of the books Grande baú, a infância (2003), Maria Flor etc (2002), Tardios afetos (1999) and Farpa (1988), by Vilela. We have the objective of making a comparison among the short stories written by the two female authors from subjects that deal with memory, representation of women in society and literary interpretation through symbolic activity. Some considerations were made from the reading of these short stories, especially concerning the fact that history, memory and literature are related. The returning to the past, experienced by most of the characters inscribed in these narratives, is only possible through the manipulation of the language, what is evident in the life stories told by Vilela and Estrada Estrada. We also notice that a remembrance brought to a character s memory can be remembered or excluded, since the characters have different perceptions of the moment in which a fact occurs. Another possible observation given by the reading of the narratives is the one that the fictional and the historical discourses dialog between themselves by representing, interpreting and understanding the world through recollections and through language, because both discourses produce meaning and constitute a way of seeing the world, by making the past intelligible. In the case of the fact that the literary discourse is filled with representative elements, we observe that the literary texts here discussed accomplish the representation of women and their role in society. It should be noted that it was possible to understand how the imaginary reconstructs, changes or idealize the real. Therefore, we understood that the social life is impossible outside a symbolic net / O estudo aqui empreendido, com base nas acepções de alguns críticos, como Maurice Halbwachs, Ecléa Bosi, Henri Bergon, Luiza Lobo, Elaine Showalter, Roberto Reis, Cassirer, Durand, Bachelard, dentre outros, pretende, por intermédio da leitura do corpus selecionado, identificar algumas características do discurso literário construído nas narrativas de Arriete Vilela (2011) e Berta Lucía Estrada Estrada (2008). As obras escolhidas são Féminas o el dulce aroma de las feromonas (2008) e Voces del silencio (2008), de Estrada Estrada, e Contos Reunidos (2011), o qual é uma coletânea dos livros Grande baú, a infância (2003), Maria Flor etc (2002), Tardios afetos (1999) e Farpa (1988), de Vilela. Temos como objetivo traçar um paralelo entre os contos das duas escritoras citadas a partir de temáticas que tratam da memória, da representação da mulher na sociedade e da interpretação literária por meio da atividade simbólica. Percebemos que, pela leitura dos contos, história, memória e literatura estão relacionadas, e a volta ao passado só é possível pela manipulação da linguagem. Inferimos, também, que uma lembrança trazida à memória de um personagem pode ser rememorada ou excluída, visto que os personagens têm percepções diferentes do momento em que um fato ocorre. Outra observação possível, a partir da leitura das narrativas, é a de que o discurso ficcional e o histórico dialogam entre si ao representar, interpretar e compreender o mundo por meio das recordações e da linguagem, visto que ambos os discursos produzem significados e se constituem como uma maneira de ver o mundo, ao tornar o passado inteligível. Em se tratando do fato de que o discurso literário está repleto de elementos representativos, observamos que os textos literários abordados efetivam a representação da mulher e o seu papel na sociedade. Entendemos, também, que a vida social é impossível fora de uma rede simbólica, pois o imaginário reconstrói, modifica, transforma ou idealiza o real

The role of women in society was an important socio?cultural discourse explored in the literature of the late 19th century. The Austrian author Arthur Schnitzler was a key contributor to this discourse. He was well known for the psychological portrayal of his characters and the sexualization of his literary types, especially of his female characters, and in his writings he dared to break societal taboos. Schnitzler created a wide array of social types, such as the "integrated woman," the "ageing spinster," the "woman of the world," the "prostitute" and the widely discussed type the "s????e M??del" ("sweet girl"). In this thesis, however, I will focus on one of the less examined female types in Schnitzler's work: the "widow. " I will examine two narratives by Schnitzler that concentrate on the widow "Frau Berta Garlan" (1901) and "Frau Beate und ihr Sohn" (1913), to investigate this type and to examine the modes of gendered identity?formation as portrayed in the literary texts. <br /><br /> To examine the gender?types that the protagonists reflect in the search for their identity, I will undertake an intratextual analysis of the text, based on the central premises of Michel Foucault's discourse analysis and Judith Butler's analysis of gender as construct. Within this constructivist paradigm of gender and identity, I will undertake a textual analysis of character representation to demonstrate how identity is formed within the constraints of hegemonic discourses, and how resistance against these preformed modes of identity is predicated by fixed notions of social norms. <br /><br /> The texts focus on the lives of the two female protagonists. Both are widowed and fail to break out of the constraints forced upon them by society. With the awakening of their sexual desire, they are caught in an identity crisis, their desires standing at odds with the asexual identity they must assume as widows. In their attempt to combine their sexual desires with their desire to remain respectable in the eyes of society, the widows eventually fail since normative discourses of gender identity do not allow for alternative identities. Although the texts demonstrate the impossibility of living identities that contravene the central tenets of social norm, that the individual is not free to fashion its own identity, Schnitzler's texts also debunk the myth of a natural gender identity and subvert its fatalistic message by demonstrating clearly the constructed character of gender almost a century before the advent of poststructuralist gender?theory.

The role of women in society was an important socio?cultural discourse explored in the literature of the late 19th century. The Austrian author Arthur Schnitzler was a key contributor to this discourse. He was well known for the psychological portrayal of his characters and the sexualization of his literary types, especially of his female characters, and in his writings he dared to break societal taboos. Schnitzler created a wide array of social types, such as the "integrated woman," the "ageing spinster," the "woman of the world," the "prostitute" and the widely discussed type the "süße Mädel" ("sweet girl"). In this thesis, however, I will focus on one of the less examined female types in Schnitzler's work: the "widow. " I will examine two narratives by Schnitzler that concentrate on the widow "Frau Berta Garlan" (1901) and "Frau Beate und ihr Sohn" (1913), to investigate this type and to examine the modes of gendered identity?formation as portrayed in the literary texts. <br /><br /> To examine the gender?types that the protagonists reflect in the search for their identity, I will undertake an intratextual analysis of the text, based on the central premises of Michel Foucault's discourse analysis and Judith Butler's analysis of gender as construct. Within this constructivist paradigm of gender and identity, I will undertake a textual analysis of character representation to demonstrate how identity is formed within the constraints of hegemonic discourses, and how resistance against these preformed modes of identity is predicated by fixed notions of social norms. <br /><br /> The texts focus on the lives of the two female protagonists. Both are widowed and fail to break out of the constraints forced upon them by society. With the awakening of their sexual desire, they are caught in an identity crisis, their desires standing at odds with the asexual identity they must assume as widows. In their attempt to combine their sexual desires with their desire to remain respectable in the eyes of society, the widows eventually fail since normative discourses of gender identity do not allow for alternative identities. Although the texts demonstrate the impossibility of living identities that contravene the central tenets of social norm, that the individual is not free to fashion its own identity, Schnitzler's texts also debunk the myth of a natural gender identity and subvert its fatalistic message by demonstrating clearly the constructed character of gender almost a century before the advent of poststructuralist gender?theory.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar um fenômeno bastante comum na realidade brasileira, que é o da transformação do espaço urbano de conjuntos habitacionais padrão COHAB efetuada individualmente pelos moradores, após sua ocupação. A incapacidade de um grande número de projetos de conjuntos residenciais populares em atender às expectativas espaciais socialmentedeterminadas pelos residentes, manifesta-se pela total descaracterização das concepções originais que representam não apenas alterações de ordem quantitativa no interior do conjunto mas, fundamentalmente, de estrutura urbana. Não é uma mudança de forma apenas, mas de modelo. Particularmente neste caso, situam-se aqueles conjuntos cujos projetos seguem de forma mais intensa os preceitos do espaço urbano modernista. Como estudo de caso, utilizou-se o Conjunto Rubem Berta, da COHAB/RS, construído em Porto Alegre a partir do final da década de 70 e ainda hoje em transformação. Percebe-se que as alterações são efetuadas com a adoção de determinados mecanismos de transformação do espaço os quais, além de serem recorrentes no interior do próprio conjunto, são identificadas também em outros assentamentos de origem similar. Por outro lado, as regras de organização local das transformações espaciais produzem um estrutura global nova. / The main goal of this piece of research is to investigate a quite common phenomenon found all over the country, concerning the urban changes introduced individually by the dwellers of public housing estates. A great number of housing estates, particularly those designed according to modernist concepts, seem to be unable to support space related social requirements and are then widely transformed when compared to the origina llayouts. Beyond the quantitative features, the morphological changes that took place in those housing estates mean a fundamental new approach to urban structures as built up by their dwellers. As a case study is analysed the Rubem Berta Housing Estate which was built in Porto Alegre/RS in the late 70's. Since its occupation the urban transformations there have never stopped. lt's possible to realize that the dwellers use some physical rules to define the new settlement which are very similar within the estate itself and, at the same time, very similar to those found in other transformed housing estates. The local rules of physical transformation produce a new overall structure for the whole urban complex of the estate.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar um fenômeno bastante comum na realidade brasileira, que é o da transformação do espaço urbano de conjuntos habitacionais padrão COHAB efetuada individualmente pelos moradores, após sua ocupação. A incapacidade de um grande número de projetos de conjuntos residenciais populares em atender às expectativas espaciais socialmentedeterminadas pelos residentes, manifesta-se pela total descaracterização das concepções originais que representam não apenas alterações de ordem quantitativa no interior do conjunto mas, fundamentalmente, de estrutura urbana. Não é uma mudança de forma apenas, mas de modelo. Particularmente neste caso, situam-se aqueles conjuntos cujos projetos seguem de forma mais intensa os preceitos do espaço urbano modernista. Como estudo de caso, utilizou-se o Conjunto Rubem Berta, da COHAB/RS, construído em Porto Alegre a partir do final da década de 70 e ainda hoje em transformação. Percebe-se que as alterações são efetuadas com a adoção de determinados mecanismos de transformação do espaço os quais, além de serem recorrentes no interior do próprio conjunto, são identificadas também em outros assentamentos de origem similar. Por outro lado, as regras de organização local das transformações espaciais produzem um estrutura global nova. / The main goal of this piece of research is to investigate a quite common phenomenon found all over the country, concerning the urban changes introduced individually by the dwellers of public housing estates. A great number of housing estates, particularly those designed according to modernist concepts, seem to be unable to support space related social requirements and are then widely transformed when compared to the origina llayouts. Beyond the quantitative features, the morphological changes that took place in those housing estates mean a fundamental new approach to urban structures as built up by their dwellers. As a case study is analysed the Rubem Berta Housing Estate which was built in Porto Alegre/RS in the late 70's. Since its occupation the urban transformations there have never stopped. lt's possible to realize that the dwellers use some physical rules to define the new settlement which are very similar within the estate itself and, at the same time, very similar to those found in other transformed housing estates. The local rules of physical transformation produce a new overall structure for the whole urban complex of the estate.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar um fenômeno bastante comum na realidade brasileira, que é o da transformação do espaço urbano de conjuntos habitacionais padrão COHAB efetuada individualmente pelos moradores, após sua ocupação. A incapacidade de um grande número de projetos de conjuntos residenciais populares em atender às expectativas espaciais socialmentedeterminadas pelos residentes, manifesta-se pela total descaracterização das concepções originais que representam não apenas alterações de ordem quantitativa no interior do conjunto mas, fundamentalmente, de estrutura urbana. Não é uma mudança de forma apenas, mas de modelo. Particularmente neste caso, situam-se aqueles conjuntos cujos projetos seguem de forma mais intensa os preceitos do espaço urbano modernista. Como estudo de caso, utilizou-se o Conjunto Rubem Berta, da COHAB/RS, construído em Porto Alegre a partir do final da década de 70 e ainda hoje em transformação. Percebe-se que as alterações são efetuadas com a adoção de determinados mecanismos de transformação do espaço os quais, além de serem recorrentes no interior do próprio conjunto, são identificadas também em outros assentamentos de origem similar. Por outro lado, as regras de organização local das transformações espaciais produzem um estrutura global nova. / The main goal of this piece of research is to investigate a quite common phenomenon found all over the country, concerning the urban changes introduced individually by the dwellers of public housing estates. A great number of housing estates, particularly those designed according to modernist concepts, seem to be unable to support space related social requirements and are then widely transformed when compared to the origina llayouts. Beyond the quantitative features, the morphological changes that took place in those housing estates mean a fundamental new approach to urban structures as built up by their dwellers. As a case study is analysed the Rubem Berta Housing Estate which was built in Porto Alegre/RS in the late 70's. Since its occupation the urban transformations there have never stopped. lt's possible to realize that the dwellers use some physical rules to define the new settlement which are very similar within the estate itself and, at the same time, very similar to those found in other transformed housing estates. The local rules of physical transformation produce a new overall structure for the whole urban complex of the estate.

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