O bi-trem é um veículo cada vez mais comum no trânsito brasileiro. Por ser um veículo de grande porte, é capaz de se envolver em acidentes catastróficos caso o sistema de freio não esteja projetado de maneira adequada. Neste contexto é necessário um estudo que permita prever e otimizar o desempenho do sistema de freios para qualquer condição operacional. Para isso foi desenvolvida uma planilha de cálculos para estudar o desempenho da frenagem de um bi-trem. A planilha calcula a aderência que cada eixo utiliza, a desaceleração máxima desenvolvida pelo veículo, o espaço e o tempo de parada, a força de frenagem (e sua porcentagem) em cada eixo, a temperatura final do tambor, a eficiência do sistema de freios, as forças normais ao pavimento, a distribuição real e ideal das forças de frenagem e verifica se o cavalo mecânico e os semi-reboques se enquadram, respectivamente, nos diagramas 3 e 4 do anexo 10 da ECE-R13. Tais cálculos podem ser feitos com o veículo utilizando ou não ABS e com válvula sensível a carga nos semi-reboques e no \"tandem\" do cavalo mecânico. A planilha de cálculo foi aplicada em um veículo exemplo e os resultados são apresentados nesta dissertação. O sistema de freios desse veículo foi otimizado com a utilização da planilha, mostrando como ela pode ser de grande auxílio ao projetista. / The bi-trem (a vehicle similar to a twin trailler truck) is more and more common in the brazilians highways. Because it\'s a large and heavy vehicle it can cause catastrophics accidents if the brakes are not well developed. In this context it is necessary a study that allows to foresee and to optimize the performance of the brakes system for any operational condition. In this work an electronic spread sheet was developed in order to study the braking performance of a bi-trem. The spread sheet calcs the adhesion in each axle, the maximum deceleration, the braking space and the braking time, the braking force (and its percentage) in each axle, the final temperature of the drum, the brake system\'s efficiency, the normal forces, the actual and ideal brake force distribution, and verifies if the tractor and the semi trailers are fitted in the annex 10 of EGE-R13. The reckoning can be made for a vehicle equipped or not with ABS and with the load sensing valve in the semi trailers and in the tandem axle of the tractor. The spread sheet was applied in a example vehicle and the results are presented in this dissertation. The brakes system of this vehicle was optimized with the use of the spread sheet, showing as it can be of great assists the designer.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:56:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Olga.pdf: 1437596 bytes, checksum: 1bbe8f0875b3d970103b7d9c512708c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-09 / ABSTRACT: PEIBF, created in 2005 as an action between Brazil and Argentina, proposes the gradual transformation of schools located at the border into bilingual intercultural institutions, to offer their students an education based on a new frontier concept, linked to regional integration, knowledge and respect for the culture of the neighboring country. This paper aims to show the process chosen by the Intercultural Bilingual School Project (PEIBF), as well as their teaching methods, highlighting the need of new language policies due to the multilingualism and multiculturalism typical of the border region, taking into account its influence on the construction of the identity of its inhabitants. The bilingual education that I support has the aim of providing intercultural contextualization, that is, to instruct the children through the L1 and L2 to ensure equal conditions and reach the common basic knowledge, promoting individual identity, respect, recognition of group differences which are part of national mosaics, as well as the unity that is necessary to make each country a singular nation. Since PEIBF is a means that provides many possibilities for this educational concept to take place, I intended to answer the following questions: which are the socio-cultural and linguistic characteristics of the three border region Brazil-Paraguay-Argentina, how the pedagogical process at Bordering Bilingual Schools occurs, and what are the concepts of language, bilingualism, interculture and identity which are the basis of pedagogical practices at PEIBF. This research is a qualitative, ethnographic study case, and is based on theoretical and methodological assumptions of Applied Linguistics (LA). It is developed based on the concept of language, culture and identity as something multiple, dynamic, hybrid and at a constant change. (SANTOS and CAVALCANTI, HALL, 2005; DAMKE, 1992, 2009; RAJAGOPALAN, 1998); Bi/multilingualism is seen as the ability to make use of more than one language (MAHER, 2007; CAVALCANTI, 1999; SANTOS, 2004; MOITA LOPES, SAVEDRA, 2009; DAMKE, 1992, 2009; VON BORSTEL, 1999, among others) and appropriate language policies to the socio-educational context (CALVET, 2007; OLIVEIRA, 2009, 2003; HAMEL, 1999; SAVEDRA, 2003). Thus, I hope this work contributes to the creation of new schools at PEIBF and can also provide support, so that an educational policy which takes into account multilingualism and cultural characteristics of the border regions may be thought later on. / O PEIBF criado em 2005 por uma ação bilateral Brasil-Argentina, propõe a progressiva transformação das escolas de fronteira em instituições interculturais bilíngues que ofereçam aos seus alunos uma formação com base num novo conceito de fronteira, ligado à integração regional e ao conhecimento e respeito pela cultura do país vizinho. Este trabalho visa mostrar o processo trilhado pelo Projeto Escola Intercultural Bilíngue de Fronteira (PEIBF) e suas práticas pedagógicas, apontando a necessidade de novas políticas linguísticas em virtude do plurilinguismo e pluriculturalismo existentes na região de fronteira, tendo em vista sua influência na construção identitária dos seus habitantes. A educação bilíngue que defendo tem como objetivo a contextualização intercultural, ou seja, instruir as crianças por meio da L1 e a L2 para garantir igualdade de condições de chegar aos saberes básicos comuns, promovendo a identidade individual, o respeito, o reconhecimento das diferenças dos grupos étnicos que compõem os mosaicos nacionais, assim como a unidade necessária para fazer de cada um dos países uma nação. Sendo o PEIBF um meio com muitas possibilidades para que essa educação se concretize, busquei responder quais as características sócio-culturais e linguísticas da região de fronteira Brasil-Paraguai-Argentina, como se processam as práticas pedagógicas das escolas bilíngues de fronteira e quais conceitos de linguagem, bilinguismo, interculturalidade e identidade estão subjacentes às práticas pedagógicas do PEIBF. Esta pesquisa se caracteriza como qualitativa, etnográfica, com estudo de caso e se apóia nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Linguística Aplicada (LA). Desenvolve-se tomando como base o conceito de linguagem, cultura e identidade como múltiplas, dinâmicas, híbridas e em constante transformação (SANTOS e CAVALCANTI, HALL, 2005; DAMKE, 1992, 2009; RAJAGOPALAN, 1998); de bi/multi/plurilinguismo como a capacidade de fazer uso de mais de uma língua (MAHER, 2007; CAVALCANTI, 1999; SANTOS, 2004; MOITA LOPES, SAVEDRA, 2009; DAMKE, 1992, 2009; VON BORSTEL, 1999, entre outros) e de políticas linguísticas adequadas ao contexto sócio-educacional. (CALVET, 2007; OLIVEIRA, 2009, 2003; HAMEL, 1999; SAVEDRA, 2003). Com isso, espero que este trabalho contribua com a inserção de novas escolas no PEIBF e que também possa fornecer subsídios para que, posteriormente, seja pensada uma política de ensino que leve em consideração a pluralidade linguística e cultural, características da região de fronteira.

Neste trabalho foi investigada a eletrooxidação de etanol sobre eletrodos nanoparticulados binários Pt-M1 (M1 = Sn ou Re) e ternários Pt-M1-M2 (M1 e M2 = Sn e Re) suportados em carbono. Estes materiais foram preparados pelo método da redução por álcool e foram caracterizados por difração de raios-X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura associada a EDX. Os eletrodos foram montados utilizando-se a técnica de camada ultrafina. Os resultados eletroquímicos mostraram que a adição dos diferentes metais à platina aumentou a atividade catalítica tanto dos eletrodos binários quanto dos ternários. Os testes realizados na célula unitária mostraram que a presença de Sn nos catalisadores binário e de Sn e Re nos catalisadores ternários aumentou significativamente o desempenho da célula quando comparada ao ânodo de Pt pura suportada em carbono, preparado pela metodologia da redução do álcool ou ao comercial da E-TEK. O catalisador Pt70Sn10Re20/C foi o que apresentou a melhor densidade de corrente assim como a melhor densidade de potência com um valor máximo alcançado de aproximadamente 40 mW cm-2 durante a operação da célula a combustível a 90 oC. / In this work was investigated the electrooxidation of ethanol on nanostructured binary Pt-M1 (M1 = Sn or Re) and ternary Pt-M1-M2 (M1 and M2 = Re and Sn) electrodes supported on carbon. These materials were prepared by the alcohol reduction method and were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy associated to EDX. The ultra-thin layer technology was used to assemble the electrode. The electrochemical results showed that the addition of different metals to platinum increased the catalytic activity of the binary and ternary electrodes. Tests conducted in unitary fuel cell showed that the presence of Sn in the binary catalysts and Sn and Re in the ternary catalysts increased significantly the performance of the cell when compared to pure Pt anode supported on carbon, prepared by the alcohol methodology or the commercial E-TEK. The catalyst Pt70Sn10Re20/C presented the best current density as well the better power density with a maximum value of ca. 40 mW cm-2 reached during the operation of the fuel cell at 90 oC.

A cana-de-açúcar é uma das principais culturas agrícolas no cenário econômico e social brasileiro. Na cultura de cana-de-açúcar o estresse hídrico é o principal fator limitante para o aumento de produtividade, sendo responsável por alterações fisiológicas, bioquímicas e moleculares nas plantas, que podem deflagrar perturbações metabólicas que ativam a morte celular programada (MCP). Sabendo-se que o gene BI-1 apresenta o potencial de reduzir os efeitos da MCP desencadeado por estresses bióticos e abióticos em plantas, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar plantas transgênicas de cana-de-açúcar que expressam o gene BI-1 de Arabidopsis thaliana (AtBI-1) em condições de estresse hídrico. Também, plantas transgênicas e controle foram inoculadas com o fungo Puccinia melanocephala demonstrando que o processo de transformação genética com o gene AtBI-1 alterou as características pré existentes de resistência a ferrugem marrom nas plantas transgênicas. Os estudos de tolerância ao défict hídrico foram realizados em dois experimentos, o experimento 1 com plantas transgênicas e controles de 90 dias e o experimento 2 com plantas de 60 dias. Plantas do experimento 1 foram analisadas quanto características morfológicas como número de estômatos e tricomas, altura e circunferência do colmo e após ficarem 24 dias sem água foram analisadas quanto a taxa fotossintética, comportamento estomático e conteúdo relativo de água nas folhas, enquanto no experimento 2 as plantas foram analisadas quanto aos teores de prolina, atividades das enzimas guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX), ascorbato peroxidase (APX) e catalase (CAT) após as plantas ficarem 17 dias sob déficit hídrico. Estas enzimas estão envolvidas em processos de desativação de elementos ativos de oxigênio. Os resultados demonstraram que as plantas transgênicas expressando o gene AtBI-1 possuem fenótipo de menor altura, e maior taxa fotossintética, maior comportamento estomático e maior conteúdo relativo de água nas folhas, e assim apresentam maior tolerância ao déficit hídrico que plantas controle. Contudo, houve baixo acúmulo de prolina, baixa atividade da GPOX, APX e CAT nas plantas transgênicas durante o estresse hídrico comparada com as plantas controle do mesmo tratamento. Porém foi observado alta atividade constitutiva da catalase nas plantas transgênicas. A atividade da catalase nestas plantas transgênicas sugere a possibilidade da interação entre AtBI-1 e calmudolinas. Futuros estudos podem contribuir para elucidar se a proteína BI-1 é essencial para a ativação das catalases por calmudolinas. / Sugarcane is one of the main agricultural crops in the Brazilian social and economic scenario. Water stress in the culture of sugarcane is the main limiting factor for increasing productivity accounting for physiological, biochemical and molecular plants that can trigger metabolic disturbances activating programmed cell death (MCP). Knowing that the BI-1 gene has the potential to reduce the effects of MCP triggered by biotic and abiotic stresses in plants, this study aimed to analyze transgenic sugarcane that express the BI-1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana (AtBI-1) under water stress. Also, transgenic and control plants were inoculated with Puccinia melanocephala fungus demonstrating that the genetic transformation process with the AtBI-1 gene altered the pre-existing characteristics of brown rust resistance in transgenic plants. Studies of tolerance to water deficit were performed in two experiments, the experiment 1 was prepared with transgenic and control plants with 90 days and the experiment 2 used plants with 60 days. Plants from experiment 1 were analyzed as for morphological characteristics such as number of stomata and trichomes, height and diameter of stem after plants being under water for 24 days as were analyzed photosynthetic rate, stomatal behavior, relative water content in leaves while in the experiment 2, plants were analyzed for the levels of proline, enzyme activities of guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) under water deficit for 17 days. These enzymes are involved in deactivation of active elements oxygen. The results demonstrated that the transgenic plants expressing the AtBI-1 gene presented the phenotype of lower height, higher index of leaf area, higher photosynthetic rate, higher stomatal behavior and higher relative water content in leaves than control plants increasing tolerance to drought stress. However, there were low levels of proline, low activity of GPOX activity, APX and CAT in transgenic plants during drought stress compared to control plants of the same treatment, but the observed high constitutive activity of catalase in transgenic plants. Catalase activity in these transgenic plants suggests the possibility of interaction between AtBI-1 and calmudolinas. Future studies may contribute to understand whether the BI-1protein is essential for the activation of catalase by calmudolinas.

Neste trabalho estudamos essencialmente problemas relacionados aos conceitos de superfícies e curvas bi-harmônicas e de superfícies de ângulo constante. Caracterizamos as curva bi-harmônicas do grupo especial linear SL(2,R). Em particular, mostramos que todas as curvas bi-harmônicas de SL(2,R) são hélices e damos suas parametrizações explícitas como curvas do espaço pseudo-Euclidiano R42. Estudamos as superfícies biconservativas (as quais representam uma grande família que inclui as superfícies bi-harmônicas) nos espaços de Bianchi-Cartan-Vranceanu, obtendo a caracterização daquelas de ângulo constante e daquelas SO(2)-invariantes. Também, caracterizamos as superfícies de ângulo constante do espaço Euclidiano tridimensional que possuem aplicação de Gauss bi-harmônica, provando que são cilindros de Hopf sobre uma clotóide. Além disto, caracterizamos as superfícies de ângulo contante de SL(2,R). Mais especificamente, damos uma descrição local explícita para estas superfícies em termos de uma determinada curva de SL(2,R) e de uma família a um parâmetro de isometrias do espaço ambiente. / In this work we mainly study some problems related to the concept of biharmonic curves and surfaces and to surfaces of constant angle. We characterize the biharmonic curves in the special linear group SL(2,R). In particular, we show that all proper biharmonic curves in SL(2,R) are helices and we give their explicit parametrizations as curves in the pseudo-Euclidean space R42</sub. We study the biconservative surfaces (which represent a large family including the biharmonic surfaces) in the Bianchi-Cartan-Vranceanu spaces, obtaining the characterization of those with constant angle and of those which are SO(2)-invariant. Furthermore, we characterize the constant angle surfaces of the three-dimensional Euclidean space which have bi-harmonic Gauss map, proving that they are Hopf cylinders over a clothoid. Also, we characterize the constant angle surfaces of SL(2,R). In particular, we give an explicit local description of these surfaces by means of a suitable curve of SL(2,R) and a 1-parameter family of isometries of SL(2,R).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:38:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Henrique_Dallmann.pdf: 330651 bytes, checksum: f7a5ecc655e71251eb1172ede43db862 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-09 / This study aimed to investigate the effect of an energetic-protein nucleus (EPN) fed from hatch to 21 days-old broiler chicks. The nucleus was composed by degummed soybean oil, pre-gelatinized corn, bi-processed soybean, mannanoligosaccharide and peptides. A total of 864 day-old male AGRoss broiler chicks were allocated in 32 pens (27 birds per pen and 8 replicates per treatment). Treatments consisted of T1 Control (0% EPN), T2 7% EPN (1-7 days) and 3,5% EPN (8-21 days), T3 14% EPN (1-7 days) and 7% EPN (8-21 days) and T4 21% EPN (1-7 days) and 10,5% EPN (8-21 days of age). The diets were fed from hatch up to 21 days of age. From 21 to 42 days of age, birds were fed a unique basal diet. Body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and carcass yield and cut-ups were evaluated. Results indicated the the EPN had not influenced performance, carcass traits and cut-ups of broilers when fed up to 21 days of age. / Utilizou-se na dieta dos animais um núcleo energético-protéico (NEP) composto de óleo degomado de soja, milho pré-gelatinizado, soja bi-processada, mananoligossacarídeos e peptídeos até os 21 dias de idade das aves, com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho produtivo e características de carcaças de frangos de corte. Foram alojados 864 pintainhos machos de corte, da linhagem AGRoss 508, com um dia de idade, em 32 boxes. Os animais foram divididos em quatro tratamentos, suplementados com diferentes níveis de NEP, com oito repetições contendo 27 aves cada, da seguinte forma: T1 Controle (0% de NEP), T2 7% de NEP (1-7 dias) e 3,5% de NEP (8-21 dias), T3 14% de NEP (1-7 dias) e 7% de NEP (8-21 dias) e T4 21% de NEP (1-7 dias) e 10,5% de NEP (8-21 dias de idade); ministrados até o 21o dia de vida dos frangos e a partir desta data até o final do experimento, aos 42 dias, todos os animais receberam uma dieta basal única. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: peso corporal, ganho de peso, consumo médio de ração, conversão alimentar e rendimento de carcaça e cortes. Os resultados indicaram que a utilização de um núcleo energético-protéico na dieta de frangos de corte não alterou o desempenho das aves, bem como também não interferiu nas variáveis de características de carcaça, quando utilizado nos primeiros 21 dias de idade dos animais.

L'imagerie mentale visuelle est généralement accompagnée de mouvements spontanés des yeux qui ne sont pas arbitraires mais reflètent le contenu spatial de cette imagerie. Ce travail de thèse avait pour principal objectif l'utilisation de l'enregistrement des mouvements oculaires afin d'étudier les représentations mentales chez les sujets sains et les sujets atteints de lésions cérébrales et ainsi d'en explorer les mécanismes, la dynamique, les référentiels et les substrats neuronaux. Nous avons enregistré les mouvements des yeux pendant le rappel des villes de France à partir de la mémoire à long terme, soit en ayant recours à l'imagerie mentale de la carte de France, soit avec un accès sémantique (tâche de fluence verbale). Ce paradigme a été réalisé dans 3 situations différentes : chez les sujets sains avec le regard libre, chez les sujets sains avec le regard fixé et chez les sujets atteints de négligence spatiale unilatérale et/ou hémianopsie latérale homonyme (HLH) avec le regard libre. En utilisant la corrélation bi-dimensionelle (BDR) entre les positions oculaires et les positions GPS des villes évoquées par le sujet, nous avons pu réaliser dans ces trois situations une analyse individuelle. Chez les sujets sains en regard libre, nous avons démontré que l'imagerie mentale se construit de façon séquentielle, et fragmentée, et que la corrélation significative est une signature individuelle de l'utilisation de l'imagerie visuelle. Chez les sujets sains avec le regard fixe, nous avons mis en évidence l'existence de microsaccades qui reflètent toujours le contenu spatial de l'imagerie mentale pour la plupart des individus. Chez les négligents, la représentation mentale de la carte de France était perturbée aussi bien dans le référentiel allocentrique (absence de cohérence spatiale pour les villes de la moitié gauche) que dans le référentiel égocentrique (carte mentale décalée du côté ipsilésionnel). Chez les patients avec HLH, la représentation mentale était décalée du côté contra-lésionnel, mais était spatialement cohérente dans le référentiel allocentrique. Cette nouvelle approche méthodologique et statistique a permis de discuter les différentes interprétations théoriques de la littérature concernant les liens entre mouvements des yeux et imagerie mentale, et d'étudier les troubles de représentation spatiale faisant suite à la lésion du cortex visuel primaire et du réseau pariéto-frontal droit, substrats respectifs du tampon visuel et de la fenêtre attentionnelle / analyse des relations spatiales dans le modèle d'imagerie de Kosslyn / Visual mental imagery is usually accompanied by spontaneous eye movements that are not random but reflect the spatial content of the imagery. The main objective of this thesis was to use eye movements recording in order to explore the mechanisms, the dynamics, the reference frames and the neural processes of spatial representations in healthy subjects and brain damaged patients.We recorded eye movements during the verbal recall of french cities from long-term memory, either through mental imagery of the map of France, or through a semantic access (verbal fluency task). This paradigm was carried out in three different situations: In healthy subjects with free gaze, in healthy subjects with fixed gaze and in patients with unilateral spatial neglect and / or homonymous hemianopia with free gaze. Using bi-dimensional regression (BDR) between ocular positions when cities were evoked and GPS positions of these cities, we could provide an individual analysis in each of these three situations.In healthy subjects with free gaze, we demonstrated that mental imagery is built sequentially and fragmented, and that significant correlation is a signature, at an individual level, of the use of visual imagery. In healthy subjects with central gaze fixation, we have demonstrated that the remaining microsaccades still reflect the spatial content of the imagery in most individuals. In patients with hemineglect, the mental representation of the map of France was disturbed both in the allocentric reference frame (lack of spatial coherence for cities of the left side) and in the egocentric reference frame (mental map shifted ipsilesionally). In subjects with hemianopia, the mental image was shifted contralesionally but was spatially coherent in the allocentric frame.These results are discussed in the light of the different theories on eye movements and mental imagery found in the literature and in particular with respect to the Kosslyn model of imagery in which the primary visual cortex (damaged in hemianopia) corresponds to the substratum of the visual buffer and the right parieto-frontal network to the substratum of the the attentional window and the spatial properties processing system

Oavsett vilken bransch ett företag tillhör finns idag stora möjligheter att samla in data relaterad till företagets kunder, processer, varor och tjänster. Om man har resurser och intresse finns oanade möjligheter att ta tillvara på all data, analysera den och sedan använda den för att vidareutveckla och optimera företaget. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vilka utmaningar som finns när det kommer till att använda lagrad data inom Business Intelligence, samt att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar processen att omvandla lagrad data till användbar information som sedan kan användas vid beslutsfattande inom marknadsföring. Jag har valt att genom en fallstudie fokusera på organisatoriska aspekter samt kopplingar mellan Business Intelligence och marknadsföring. Detta sker med hjälp av en kvalitativ forskningsansats och ett abduktivt förhållningssätt. Studiens empiri består av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer samt datainsamling i form av klustring. All empiri har samlats in från ett stort svenskt IT-företag. En tematisk analys av insamlad empiri leder fram till ett resultat som visar att ett flertal utmaningar finns när det kommer till att använda lagrad data inom Business Intelligence hos ett stort Svenskt IT-företag. Dessa utmaningar består av otydliga visioner och mål, ekonomiska prioriteringar, oklar begreppsstruktur samt förhållningssätt till organisationsstrukturer. Studiens resultat visar även på ett flertal faktorer som påverkar processen att omvandla lagrad data till användbar information som sedan kan användas vid beslutsfattande inom marknadsföring. Dessa faktorer är: gamla vanor och anpassning till ny teknik, ledning och kommunikation samt tidsbrist och kunskapsförmedling. Jag har med denna studie kunnat se att det krävs ett grundläggande syfte för att analysera något och att det inte alltid är självklart att ett sådant syfte existerar. Om detta syfte inte finns kan det vara svårt att omvandla data till värdeskapande information och även att använda data till att optimera beslut. Studien belyser även företags medvetenhet om deras problem att hantera stora datavolymer och/eller deras erkännande att de har en lång väg att gå när det gäller hantering av dessa volymer. Jag har med denna studie kunnat se att detta forskningsproblem kan vara betydelsefullt och är högst relevant inom ett stort svenskt IT-företag. / Today there are great opportunities to gather data related to a company’s customers, processes, goods and services no matter what line of business they are in. If you have resources and are interested there are endless opportunities to gather data, analyze it and then use it to develop and optimize the company. The purpose of this study is to examine challenges when it comes to the use of stored data in business intelligence and to look into which factors that affects the process of turning stored data into usable information that can be used when making marketing decisions. I have chosen to focus on the organizational aspects and connections between business intelligence and marketing with the help of a case study. The study uses a qualitative research approach and the empirical data consists of qualitative semi-structured interviews and data collection in terms of clustering. All empirical data has been gathered from a large Swedish IT-company. A thematic analysis of gathered empirical data leads to a result showing that there are a number of challenges when it comes to using stored data in business intelligence at a large Swedish IT-company. These challenges consist of; unclear visions and goals, economic priorities, unclear terminology and the approach to organizational structures. Results from the study also points out several factors that lies behind why all available data at a large Swedish IT-company is not used to its fullest potential within marketing. These factors are; old habits and adaptability to new technology, management and communication and finally time constraints and knowledge management. I have been able to see with this study that it takes a fundamental purpose to analyze something and that it is not certain that such a purpose always exists. It is hard to transform data into valuable information and also to optimize decision making if this purpose does not exist. There are many studies which demonstrate either the awareness by companies of the problems facing them in dealing with high volumes of data and/or their admission that they have a long way to cope with these volumes. I have with this study been able to see that this research problem may be useful and that it is highly relevant within a large Swedish IT-company.

Den ökade mängden data i världen leder till att allt fler företag väljer att investera i BI-system som kan stödja hantering och analys av data. Genom att analysera data kan det leda till nytta för företaget som exempelvis bättre kontroll och beslutsunderlag. Samtidigt har utvärderingen av nyttan med systemen inte följt med i samma utveckling som investeringarna. Svårigheten att utvärdera de mjuka och strategiska nyttorna med ett BI-system är en av anledningarna till det. Genom att utvärdera ett BI-system kan företag få en uppfattning av vilka nyttor som uppnåtts och om ytterligare aktiviteter krävs för att öka nyttan. En kvalitativ intervjustudie har utförts på stora tillverkande företag och konsultföretag för att se hur arbetet med utvärdering av nyttor med BI-system går till i praktiken. Studien inkluderar utvärdering både innan och efter en implementation och resulterar i rekommendationer. Studiens resultat visar att det kan skilja sig hur små företag och stora tillverkande företag använder BI-systemet och därmed hur utvärdering bör ske. Det har även påvisats att det bör ske ökad utvärdering efter att BI-systemen införts i företaget. Genom att inkludera utvärdering av delar som påverkar möjligheten att uppnå nytta, såväl som delar som kan påverka utvärderingen, leder det till en mer realistisk utvärdering och därmed en större chans för företag att öka nyttan med sitt BI-system. / The growing amount of data in the world leads to an increasing amount of investments in BI-systems, which can support management and analysis of data. Businesses can experience benefits such as better control and decision base when they analyze their data. The evaluation of BI-systems has fallen behind at the same time as investments in these systems has increased. The difficulty in evaluating the soft and strategic benefits of a BI-system is one of the reasons for the lack of evaluations. Evaluation can give businesses a notion of which benefits that they have achieved and if further activities are needed to increase the benefits of the BI-system. A qualitative interview study has been carried out on large manufacturing businesses and consulting businesses, with the purpose to study how the evaluation of BI-system benefits are being done in practice. The study include evaluation before and after an implementation of a BI-system and results in recommendations. The result of the study shows that there can be differences in the way small and large manufacturing businesses use the BI-system and therefore also differences in how to perform the evaluation. The study has also established that more evaluations should be done after the BI-system has been implemented. Evaluation of parts that affect the possibility to achieve benefits as well as parts that affects the evaluation results in a more realistic evaluation, and a greater chance for the business to increase the benefits of their BI-system.

Att implementera ett beslutsstöd i en organisation är en resurskrävande och komplicerad uppgift där problem ofta uppstår. Syftet med denna studie är därför att identifiera de kritiska framgångsfaktorer som ideella organisationer bör ta hänsyn till när de implementerar ett beslutsstöd. Studien har genomförts med hjälp av intervjuer med ideella organisationer i välgörenhetssektorn. Erhållen empiri har analyserats utifrån Yeoh and Koronios Model of critical success factors for BI systems som ansats. Vår studie redogör hur och om Yeoh och Koronios (2010) faktorer har kommit att spela en betydande roll för de organisationer vi intervjuat. Resultatet av studien redovisar en uppsättning kritiska framgångsfaktorer vi lyckas identifiera i relation till vår ansats. Vi redovisar även vilka specifika framgångsfaktorer vi kunnat identifiera för ideella organisationer.