Au cours de la méiose, les points chauds de recombinaison sont le siège de la formation de cassures double-brin de l’ADN. Ces dernières sont ensuite réparées par un processus qui, chez de nombreuses espèces, favorise la transmission des allèles G et C : la conversion génique biaisée vers GC (gBGC). L’intensité de cet important distorteur de la ségrégation méiotique varie fortement entre espèces mais les facteurs déterminant son évolution sont toujours inconnus. Nous avons donc voulu quantifier directement le biais de transmission chez la souris et comparer les paramètres dont il dépend avec d’autres mammifères. Dans cette étude, en couplant des développements bioinformatiques à une technique de capture ciblée d’ADN suivie de séquençage haut-débit (capture-seq), nous avons réussi à mettre au point une approche qui s’est révélée 100 fois plus performante pour détecter les événements de recombinaison que les méthodes existant actuellement. Ainsi, nous avons pu identifier 18 821 crossing-overs (COs) et non-crossovers (NCOs) à très grande résolution chez des individus uniques, ce qui nous a permis de caractériser minutieusement la recombinaison chez la souris. Chez cette espèce, les points chauds de recombinaison sont ciblés par la protéine PRDM9 et sont donc soumis à une deuxième forme de conversion génique biaisée (BGC) : le biais d’initiation (dBGC). La quantification du dBGC et du gBGC à partir de nos données nous a permis de mettre en lumière le fait que, au moment où des populations structurées s’hybrident, le gBGC des lignées parentales est propagé par un phénomène d’auto-stop génétique (genetic hitchhiking) provenant du dBGC. Nous avons ensuite pu observer que, chez les souris mâles, seuls les NCOs — et plus particulièrement les NCOs contenant un seul marqueur génétique— contribuent à l’intensité du gBGC. En comparaison, chez l’Homme, à la fois les NCOs et au moins une part des COs (ceux qui présentent des tracts de conversion complexes) distordent les fréquences alléliques. Ceci suggère que la machinerie de réparation des cassures double-brin qui induit le biais de conversion génique (BGC) présente des variations au sein des mammifères. Nos résultats sont aussi en accord avec l’hypothèse selon laquelle une pression de sélection limiterait l’intensité de ce processus délétère à l’échelle de la population. Cela se traduirait par une compensation de la taille efficace de population à de multiples niveaux : par le taux de recombinaison, par la longueur des tracts de conversion et par le biais de transmission. Somme toute, notre travail a permis de mieux comprendre la façon dont la recombinaison et la conversion génique biaisée opèrent chez les mammifères. / During meiosis, recombination hotspots host the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs are subsequently repaired through a process which, in a wide range of species, is biased towards the favoured transmission of G and C alleles: GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC). The intensity of this fundamental distorter of meiotic segregation strongly varies between species but the factors dictating its evolution are not known. We thus aimed at directly quantifying the transmission bias in mice and comparing the parameters on which it depends with other mammals. Here, we coupled capture-seq and bioinformatic techniques to implement an approach that proved 100 times more powerful than current methods to detect recombination. With it, we identified 18,821 crossing-over (CO) and non-crossover (NCO) events at very high resolution in single individuals and could thus precisely characterise patterns of recombination in mice. In this species, recombination hotspots are targeted by PRDM9 and are therefore subject to a second type of biased gene conversion (BGC): DSB-induced BGC (dBGC). Quantifying both dBGC and gBGC with our data brought to light the fact that, in cases of structured populations, past gBGC from the parental lineages is hitchhiked by dBGC when the populations cross. We next observed that, in male mice, only NCOs — and more particularly single-marker NCOs — contribute to the intensity of gBGC. In contrast, in humans, both NCOs and at least a portion of COs (those with complex conversion tracts) distort allelic frequencies. This suggests that the DSB repair machinery leading to gBGC varies across mammals. Our findings are also consistent with the hypothesis of a selective pressure restraining the intensity of the deleterious gBGC process at the population-scale: this would materialise through a multi-level compensation of the effective population size by the recombination rate, the length of conversion tracts and the transmission bias. Altogether, our work has allowed to better comprehend how recombination and biased gene conversion proceed in the mammalian clade

No description available.

High defect rates are associated with novel nanodevice-based systems owing to unconventional and self-assembly based manufacturing processes. Furthermore, in emerging nanosystems, fault mechanisms and distributions may be very different from CMOS due to unique physical layer aspects, and emerging circuit and logic styles. Thus, theoretical fault models for nanosystems are necessary to extract detailed characteristics of fault generation and propagation. Using the intuition garnered from the theoretical analysis, modular and structural redundancy schemes can be specifically tailored to the intricacies of the fabric in order to achieve higher reliability of output signals. In this thesis, we develop a detailed analytical fault model for the Nanoscale Application Specific Integrated Circuits (NASIC) fabric that can determine probabilities of output faults taking into account the defect scenarios, the logic and circuit style of the fabric as well as structural redundancy schemes that may be incorporated in the circuits. Evaluation of fault rates using the analytical model for single NASIC tiles show an inequality of the probability of output faulty ‘1’s and ‘0’s. To mitigate the effects of the unequal fault rates, biased voting schemes are introduced and are shown to achieve up to 27% improvement in the reliability of output signals compared to conventional majority voting schemes. NASIC circuits have to be cascaded in order to build larger systems. Furthermore, modular redundancy alone will be insufficient to tolerate high defect rates since multiple input modules may be faulty. Hence incorporation of structural redundancy is crucial. Thus in this thesis, we study the propagation of faults through a cascade of NASIC circuits employing the conventional structural redundancy scheme which is referred to here as the Regular Structural Redundancy. In our analysis we find that although circuits with Regular Structural Redundancy achieve greater signal reliability compared to non-redundant circuits, the signal reliability rapidly drops along the cascade due to an escalation of faulty ‘0’s. This effect is attributed to the poor tolerance of input faulty ‘0’s exhibited by circuits with the Regular Structural Redundancy. Having identified this, we design a new scheme called the Staggered Structural Redundancy prioritizing the tolerance of input faulty ‘0’s. A cascade of circuits employing the Staggered Structural Redundancy is shown to maintain signal reliability greater than 0.98 for over 100 levels of cascade at 5% defect rate whereas the signal reliability for a cascade of circuits with the Regular Structural Redundancy dropped to 0.5 after 7 levels of cascade.

Research on hate crime has tended to utilize sociological frameworks to best explain the incidence of such offending, but little research has been conducted to determine whether political factors may play a role. Although Olzak (1990) touched upon the relationship between racial violence and third-party politics during the American Progressive era (1882-1914), the research did not fully articulate how political competition may influence the commission of hate crime. The current study seeks to fill this gap, while also extending concepts associated with social disorganization theory and the defended communities perspective. It does so by utilizing a longitudinal research design to assess the impact of theoretical predictors and political competition measures on hate crime prevalence in counties across three states (Tennessee, Virginia & West Virginia) over a seven-year span (2010-2016).

[pt] A ascenção dos computadores e da banda-larga móvel e fixa são fatores importantes nas mudanças observadas no mercado de trabalho dos países ricos. Conforme o mundo tecnológico rapidamente evolui e cada vez mais rápida conectividade surge, há pouca evidência dos impactos das atuais tecnologias nos países em desenvolvimento. O Brasil, em particular, durante a última década, observou uma notória expansão do acesso à internet móvel. Nesta dissertação, explora-se o rápido avanço da cobertura de 4G para estimar os efeitos causais de internet móvel rápida para mercados locais de trabalho formal no Brasil. Como as tecnologias de 4G não são instaladas randomicamente, compromissos de abrangência, presentes nos contratos entre operadores nacionais da banda de 4G e a agência nacional de telecomunicações (ANATEL), servem como variável instrumental para presença de internet. O crescimento médio observado na amostra de número de operadores presente em cada mercado local é responsável por uma redução de 8 porcento nos contratos formais de trabalho (40 porcento da variação no período). Esta redução é causada por (i) redução de rotatividade e por (ii) efeitos de desemprego. Consistentes com a hipótese de rotineirização, o 4G reduz a demanda de trabalho para tarefas rotineiras e manuais. Com isso, há um aumento da proporção de trabalhadores com ensino superior e em ocupações que exigem maior qualificação. Os efeitos são concentrados no extremo da distribuição dos setores em termos de uso de tecnologias, mas não houve efeitos na composição das indústrias. Identifica-se evidência sugestiva de que banda-larga móvel está associada à polarização nos empregos. / [en] The rise of computerization and fixed and mobile broadband has been an important factor for changes in the labor market of rich countries. However, as the world of tech rapidly evolves and even faster mobile internet emerges, there is still little evidence about the impact of current mobile technologies in developing countries. Brazil, in particular, during the last decade, has seen a remarkable increase in mobile internet access. In this dissertation, I explore this rapid expansion of 4G coverage to estimate the causal effects of fast mobile internet in formal local labor markets in Brazil. Since 4G technologies are not rolled out randomly, provision commitments in contracts between 4G national operators and Brazilian regulatory agency of telecommunications (ANATEL) work as an instrumental variable to internet presence. The average increase of mobile operators observed in sample is responsible for a reduction of 8 percent in formal employment contracts (about 40 percent of the variation in period). This reduction is explained by (i) reduced turnover and by (ii) displacement effects. Consistent with the routinization hypothesis, 4G expansion shifts labor demand away from manual and routine tasks. This, in turn, has benefited more high-skilled workers, increasing the share of college-graduates in the labor force and the average skill level index of local labor markets. Effects are driven by the extremes of the distribution of technological intensity but there are no changes in the industry-composition of labor markets. I also show suggestive evidence that mobile broadband is associated with job polarization.

[pt] Desde sua introdução, a comunicação móvel sem fio cresceu e se modificou severamente. Seu crescimento acentuado significa que a alocação de diferentes parâmetros para rádios ou estações-base ganhou diversos graus de complexidade. Um parâmetro é o Root Sequence Index (RSI), relacionado com os preâmbulos do Random Access Channel (PRACH), usado para alocar canais de upload entre o equipamento do usuário e a estação rádio-base. A alocação de RSIs próximos a radios ou antenas vizinhas pode causar colisões, que são responsáveis por falhas no estabelecimento do serviço de comunicação e, portanto, degradação no desempenho da rede. Em geral, tais problemas de alocação são modelados como um Problema de Coloração de Grafos, incluindo diversas restrições. Contudo, não há estudos que foquem na alocação de RSI e colisões. O objetivo deste estudo é explorar e comparar modelos exatos e heurísticos para esse problema. Para isso, diversos modelos matemáticos foram elaborados, além de um algoritmo genético de chaves aleatórias viciadas. Os resultados apontam que a utilização de uma estratégia baseada nas relações de vizinhança é eficaz para a obtenção de boas soluções. / [en] Since its introduction, mobile wireless communication has grown and changed substantially. This massive growth leads to different levels of complexity, mainly concerned with the assignment of different parameters to radio or base stations. One parameter is the Root Sequence Index (RSI), related to the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preambles, used to allocate uplink channels between the user equipment and the base station. The assignment of RSIs close-in-range to neighbor antennas may cause collisions, which are responsible for failures on service establishment, and therefore, performance degradation. Such allocation problems can be modeled as Graph Coloring Problems, including several additional constraints. However, few studies focus on RSI allocation and collisions from the optimization perspective. The objective of this study is to develop methods for allocating the RSI, trying to lessen the risk of collision, and obeying other constraints. In this study, both exact and heuristics methods are explored and compared. For this, several mathematical models were made, alongside a biased random key genetic algorithm. The results show that the utilization of an allocation strategy based on neighbor relations is efficient for finding good solutions.

Polycrystalline NiTi shape memory alloys have the ability to recover their original, pre-deformed shape in the presence of external loads when heated through a solid-solid phase transformation from a lower-symmetry B19' martensite phase to a higher-symmetry B2 austenite phase. The strain associated with a shape memory alloy in an actuator application typically has thermal, elastic and inelastic contributions. The objective of this work was to investigate the aforementioned strains by recourse to in situ neutron diffraction experiments during selected combinations of heating, cooling and/or mechanical loading. The primary studies were conducted on polycrystalline Ni49.9Ti50.1 specimens on the Spectrometer for MAterials Research at Temperature and Stress (SMARTS) at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Quantitative information on the phase-specific strain, texture and phase fraction evolution was obtained from the neutron data using Rietveld refinement and single-peak analyses, and compared with macroscopic data from extensometry. First, the lattice strain evolution during heating and cooling in an unloaded sample (i.e., free-recovery experiment) was studied. The lattice strain evolution remained linear with temperature and was not influenced by intergranular stresses, enabling the determination of a thermal expansion tensor that quantified the associated anisotropy due to the symmetry of B19' NiTi. The tensor thus determined was subsequently used to obtain an average coefficient of thermal expansion that was consistent with macroscopic dilatometric measurements and a 30,000 grain polycrystalline self-consistent model. The accommodative nature of B19' NiTi was found to account for macroscopic shape changes lagging (with temperature) the start and finish of the transformation. Second, the elastic response of B19' martensitic NiTi variants during monotonic loading was studied. Emphasis was placed on capturing and quantifying the strain anisotropy which arises from the symmetry of monoclinic martensite and internal stresses resulting from intergranular constraints between individual variants and load re-distribution among variants as the texture evolved during variant reorientation and detwinning. The methodology adopted took into account both tensile and compressive loading given the asymmetric response in the texture evolution. Plane specific elastic moduli were determined from neutron measurements and compared with those determined using a self-consistent polycrystalline deformation model and from recently reported elastic stiffness constants determined via ab initio calculations. The comparison among the three approaches further helped understand the influence of elastic anisotropy, intergranular constraint, and texture evolution on the deformation behavior of polycrystalline B19' NiTi. Connections were additionally made between the assessed elastic properties of martensitic NiTi single crystals (i.e., the single crystal stiffness tensor) and the overall macroscopic response in bulk polycrystalline form. Lastly, the role of upper-cycle temperature, i.e., the maximum temperature reached during thermal cycling, was investigated during load-biased thermal cycling of NiTi shape memory alloys at selected combinations of stress and temperature. Results showed that the upper-cycle temperature, under isobaric conditions, significantly affected the amount of transformation strain and thus the work output available for actuation. With the objective of investigating the underlying microstructural and micromechanical changes due to the influence of the upper-cycle temperature, the texture evolution was systematically analyzed. While the changes in transformation strain were closely related to the evolution in texture of the room temperature martensite, retained martensite in the austenite state could additionally affect the transformation strain. Additionally, multiple thermal cycles were performed under load-biased conditions in both NiTi and NiTiPd alloys, to further assess and understand the role of retained martensite. Dimensional and thermal stabilities of these alloys were correlated with the volume fraction and texture of retained martensite, and the internal strain evolution in these alloys. The role of symmetry, i.e., B19' monoclinic martensite vs. B19 orthorhombic martensite in these alloys was also assessed. This work not only established a methodology to study the thermal and elastic properties of the low symmetry B19' monoclinic martensite, but also provided valuable insight into quantitative micromechanical and microstructural changes responsible for the thermomechanical response of NiTi shape memory alloys. It has immediate implications for optimizing shape memory behavior in the alloys investigated, with extension to high temperature shape memory alloys with ternary and quaternary elemental additions, such as Pd, Pt and Hf. This work was supported by funding from NASAÂ s Fundamental Aeronautics Program, Supersonics Project (NNX08AB51A) and NSF (CAREER DMR-0239512). It benefited additionally from the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at Los Alamos National Laboratory, which is funded by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Department of Energy) and is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396.

No description available.

[EN] Common audio systems are designed with the intent of creating real and immersive scenarios that allow the user to experience a particular acoustic sensation that does not depend on the room he is perceiving the sound. However, acoustic devices and multichannel rendering systems working inside a room, can impair the global audio effect and thus the 3D spatial sound. In order to preserve the spatial sound characteristics of multichannel rendering techniques, adaptive filtering schemes are presented in this dissertation to compensate these electroacoustic effects and to achieve the immersive sensation of the desired acoustic system. Adaptive filtering offers a solution to the room equalization problem that is doubly interesting. First of all, it iteratively solves the room inversion problem, which can become computationally complex to obtain when direct methods are used. Secondly, the use of adaptive filters allows to follow the time-varying room conditions. In this regard, adaptive equalization (AE) filters try to cancel the echoes due to the room effects. In this work, we consider this problem and propose effective and robust linear schemes to solve this equalization problem by using adaptive filters. To do this, different adaptive filtering schemes are introduced in the AE context. These filtering schemes are based on three strategies previously introduced in the literature: the convex combination of filters, the biasing of the filter weights and the block-based filtering. More specifically, and motivated by the sparse nature of the acoustic impulse response and its corresponding optimal inverse filter, we introduce different adaptive equalization algorithms. In addition, since audio immersive systems usually require the use of multiple transducers, the multichannel adaptive equalization problem should be also taken into account when new single-channel approaches are presented, in the sense that they can be straightforwardly extended to the multichannel case. On the other hand, when dealing with audio devices, consideration must be given to the nonlinearities of the system in order to properly equalize the electroacoustic system. For that purpose, we propose a novel nonlinear filtered-x approach to compensate both room reverberation and nonlinear distortion with memory caused by the amplifier and loudspeaker devices. Finally, it is important to validate the algorithms proposed in a real-time implementation. Thus, some initial research results demonstrate that an adaptive equalizer can be used to compensate room distortions. / [ES] Los sistemas de audio actuales están diseñados con la idea de crear escenarios reales e inmersivos que permitan al usuario experimentar determinadas sensaciones acústicas que no dependan de la sala o situación donde se esté percibiendo el sonido. Sin embargo, los dispositivos acústicos y los sistemas multicanal funcionando dentro de salas, pueden perjudicar el efecto global sonoro y de esta forma, el sonido espacial 3D. Para poder preservar las características espaciales sonoras de los sistemas de reproducción multicanal, en esta tesis se presentan los esquemas de filtrado adaptativo para compensar dichos efectos electroacústicos y conseguir la sensación inmersiva del sistema sonoro deseado. El filtrado adaptativo ofrece una solución al problema de salas que es interesante por dos motivos. Por un lado, resuelve de forma iterativa el problema de inversión de salas, que puede llegar a ser computacionalmente costoso para los métodos de inversión directos existentes. Por otro lado, el uso de filtros adaptativos permite seguir las variaciones cambiantes de los efectos de la sala de escucha. A este respecto, los filtros de ecualización adaptativa (AE) intentan cancelar los ecos introducidos por la sala de escucha. En esta tesis se considera este problema y se proponen esquemas lineales efectivos y robustos para resolver el problema de ecualización mediante filtros adaptativos. Para conseguirlo, se introducen diferentes esquemas de filtrado adaptativo para AE. Estos esquemas de filtrado se basan en tres estrategias ya usadas en la literatura: la combinación convexa de filtros, el sesgado de los coeficientes del filtro y el filtrado basado en bloques. Más especificamente y motivado por la naturaleza dispersiva de las respuestas al impulso acústicas y de sus correspondientes filtros inversos óptimos, se presentan diversos algoritmos adaptativos de ecualización específicos. Además, ya que los sistemas de audio inmersivos requieren usar normalmente múltiples trasductores, se debe considerar también el problema de ecualización multicanal adaptativa cuando se diseñan nuevas estrategias de filtrado adaptativo para sistemas monocanal, ya que éstas deben ser fácilmente extrapolables al caso multicanal. Por otro lado, cuando se utilizan dispositivos acústicos, se debe considerar la existencia de no linearidades en el sistema elactroacústico, para poder ecualizarlo correctamente. Por este motivo, se propone un nuevo modelo no lineal de filtrado-x que compense a la vez la reverberación introducida por la sala y la distorsión no lineal con memoria provocada por el amplificador y el altavoz. Por último, es importante validar los algoritmos propuestos mediante implementaciones en tiempo real, para asegurarnos que pueden realizarse. Para ello, se presentan algunos resultados experimentales iniciales que muestran la idoneidad de la ecualización adaptativa en problemas de compensación de salas. / [CA] Els sistemes d'àudio actuals es dissenyen amb l'objectiu de crear ambients reals i immersius que permeten a l'usuari experimentar una sensació acústica particular que no depèn de la sala on està percebent el so. No obstant això, els dispositius acústics i els sistemes de renderització multicanal treballant dins d'una sala poden arribar a modificar l'efecte global de l'àudio i per tant, l'efecte 3D del so a l'espai. Amb l'objectiu de conservar les característiques espacials del so obtingut amb tècniques de renderització multicanal, aquesta tesi doctoral presenta esquemes de filtrat adaptatiu per a compensar aquests efectes electroacústics i aconseguir una sensació immersiva del sistema acústic desitjat. El filtrat adaptatiu presenta una solució al problema d'equalització de sales que es interessant baix dos punts de vista. Per una banda, el filtrat adaptatiu resol de forma iterativa el problema inversió de sales, que pot arribar a ser molt complexe computacionalment quan s'utilitzen mètodes directes. Per altra banda, l'ús de filtres adaptatius permet fer un seguiment de les condicions canviants de la sala amb el temps. Més concretament, els filtres d'equalització adaptatius (EA) intenten cancel·lar els ecos produïts per la sala. A aquesta tesi, considerem aquest problema i proposem esquemes lineals efectius i robustos per a resoldre aquest problema d'equalització mitjançant filtres adaptatius. Per aconseguir-ho, diferent esquemes de filtrat adaptatiu es presenten dins del context del problema d'EA. Aquests esquemes de filtrat es basen en tres estratègies ja presentades a l'estat de l'art: la combinació convexa de filtres, el sesgat dels pesos del filtre i el filtrat basat en blocs. Més concretament, i motivat per la naturalesa dispersa de la resposta a l'impuls acústica i el corresponent filtre òptim invers, presentem diferents algorismes d'equalització adaptativa. A més a més, com que els sistemes d'àudio immersiu normalment requereixen l'ús de múltiples transductors, cal considerar també el problema d'equalització adaptativa multicanal quan es presenten noves solucions de canal simple, ja que aquestes s'han de poder estendre fàcilment al cas multicanal. Un altre aspecte a considerar quan es treballa amb dispositius d'àudio és el de les no linealitats del sistema a l'hora d'equalitzar correctament el sistema electroacústic. Amb aquest objectiu, a aquesta tesi es proposa una nova tècnica basada en filtrat-x no lineal, per a compensar tant la reverberació de la sala com la distorsió no lineal amb memòria introduïda per l'amplificador i els altaveus. Per últim, és important validar la implementació en temps real dels algorismes proposats. Amb aquest objectiu, alguns resultats inicials demostren la idoneïtat de l'equalització adaptativa en problemes de compensació de sales. / Fuster Criado, L. (2015). Linear and nonlinear room compensation of audio rendering systems [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/59459

[pt] O Algoritmo Genético de Chaves Aleatórias Enviesadas (BRKGA) é uma metaheurística populacional utilizada na obtenção de soluções ótimas ou quase ótimas para problemas de otimização combinatória. A parametrização do algoritmo é crucial para garantir seu bom desempenho. Os valores dos parâmetros têm uma grande influência em determinar se uma boa solução será encontrada pelo algoritmo e se o processo de busca será eficiente. Uma maneira de resolver esse problema de configuração de parâmetros é por meio da abordagem de parametrização online (ou controle de parâmetros). A parametrização online permite que o algoritmo adapte os valores dos parâmetros de acordo com os diferentes estágios do processo de busca e acumule informações sobre o espaço de soluções nesse processo para usar as informações obtidas em estágios posteriores. Ele também libera o usuário da tarefa de definir as configurações dos parâmetros, resolvendo implicitamente o problema de configuração. Neste trabalho, avaliamos duas estratégias para implementar o controle de parâmetros no BRKGA. Nossa primeira abordagem foi adotar valores de parâmetros aleatórios para cada geração do BRKGA. A segunda abordagem foi incorporar os princípios adotados pelo irace, um método de parametrização do estado da arte, ao BRKGA. Ambas as estratégias foram avaliadas em três problemas clássicos de otimização (Problema de Permutação Flowshop, Problema de Cobertura de Conjuntos e Problema do Caixeiro Viajante) e levaram a resultados competitivos quando comparados ao algoritmo tunado. / [en] The Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithm (BRKGA) is a populationbased metaheuristic applied to obtain optimal or near-optimal solutions to combinatorial problems. To ensure the good performance of this algorithm (and other metaheuristics in general), defining parameter settings is a crucial step. Parameter values have a great influence on determining whether a good solution will be found by the algorithm and whether the search process will be efficient. One way of tackling the parameter setting problem is through the parameter control (or online tuning) approach. Parameter control allows the algorithm to adapt parameter values according to different stages of the search process and to accumulate information on the fitness landscape during the search to use this information in later stages. It also releases the user from the task of defining parameter settings, implicitly solving the tuning problem. In this work, we evaluate two strategies to implement parameter control in BRKGA. Our first approach was adopting random parameter values for each of BRKGA s generations. The second approach was to introduce the principles adopted by Iterated Race, a state-of-the-art tuning method, to BRKGA. Both strategies were evaluated in three classical optimization problems (Flowshop Permutation Problem, Set Covering Problem, and the Traveling Salesman Problem) and led to competitive results when compared to the tuned algorithm.