Yes / The current Internet architecture appears to not be particularly suited to addressing the emerging needs of new classes of users who wish to gain access to multimedia services made available by ISPs, regardless of their location, while in motion and with a guaranteed level of quality. One of the main objectives of so-called nextgeneration systems is to overcome the limitations of today¿s available Internet by adopting an approach based on the integration of different mobile and fixed networks. The SUITED project moves in this direction since it aims at contributing to the design and deployment of the global mobile broadband system (GMBS), a unique satellite/terrestrial infrastructure ensuring nomadic users access to Internet services with a negotiated QoS. A description of the main features of the GMBS architecture, characterized by the integration of a multisegment access network with a federated ISP network is given in this article. The GMBS multimode terminal is schematically described, and an overview of the so-called QoS-aware mobility management scheme, devised for such a heterogeneous scenario,is provided.

Enligt kommunikationsmyndigheten PTS finns det cirka 10miljoner mobiltelefonabonnemang endast i Sverige. Telefonerna innehåller operativsystem där det tillåts mängder av olika sorters program. I och med att Apple 2007 introducerade sin iPhone exploderade marknaden för så kallade Nomadic Devices. En telefon som mer är tänkt att fungera som någon form av handdator. Dessa telefoners utformning och funktioner möjliggör för utvecklare att ta fram mer avancerade program än man tidigare sett för mobiltelefoner. Inom Sveriges tre största regioner(Stockholm, Västsverige och Sydsverige) finns det representerade reseplanerarapplikationer för mobiltelefonen som stödjer resenären i sitt kollektivåkande.Vid applikationsutveckling är det viktigt att ta begrepp såsom användarvänlighet, användbarhet i beaktning samt riktlinjer som harmoniserar med detta vid utformning av gränssnitt. Studien genererar ett antal riktlinjer grundat i redan befintliga och mer generella riktlinjer för utformning av gränssnitt. Förändringarna som är gjorda ligger i appliceringen till den givna kontexten, reseplanerare. Ett antal nya riktlinjer har också vuxit fram grundat på den empiriska undersökning som genomförts.

The increase mobile data traffic from the emerging Internet services, especially multimedia, has posed considerable challenges for the telecom industry. Their initial mobile data services business models are generally not compatible with these emerging Internet services. Thus, there is a substantial need to investigate the suitable options to make media as a profitable telecom business sector. However, there are different challenges and opportunity factors in developing sustainable mobile media business in each market, due to the unique circumstances applied as the result of customer characteristics, mobile market situation and regulatory/law enforcement.</p><p>The first purpose of this thesis is to explore the business model options to deliver media services on top of mobile broadband. Although, we limit our focus to Indonesia, we first analyzed the worldwide patterns toward the media services in order to get a broader view of the current trend. We mapped multitudes of actor involved in digital online / on the top (OTT)media service, which together they form different types of constellation in the value network,as well as service, delivery and revenue model. We also put our focus to get the lessons learned from Spotify's business model, by framing it using Chesbrough and Rosenbloom's model.</p><p>The second purpose is to understand the Indonesian mobile user's characteristic toward the mobile media services. We conducted survey to 119 Indonesians, analyzed the result with one sample T-tests and validated it with the correlation tests (Cronbach Alpha and Pearson correlation), within the Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT)framework. Our findings confirm the low willingness to pay, but an open attitude for the services. The mobile device and network quality are not the barriers for them to adopt the services, and there is a tight connection between the decisions to adopt the services with the perception that the service is popular.</p><p>Through those findings, we assessed the feasibility of the identified options and formulated the recommendations. We used our understanding about Indonesian market structure (telecom and media), regulation, and mobile user, as well as the lesson that we got from media services provisioning in Sweden and worldwide trend. We found that the pricing tiers, adjustable pricing, and differentiated features are some of the key success factors.Meanwhile, being part in the point-to-multipoint partnership with the well-known OTT player is the potential position that the Mobile network operators (MNOs) in Indonesia should take in provisioning OTT media services, rather than deliver the services by their own.

This work deals with provisioning of communication services via satellites for collectively mobile user groups in a heterogeneous network with several radio access technologies. The extended use of personalised user equipment beyond the coverage of one single terrestrial network by means of a satellite transport link, represents an increasingly important trend in mobile satellite communication. This trend is confirmed by the commercial introduction of broadband satellite communication to mobile terminals mounted on vehicles, trains, ships or aircraft. This work provides a consequent and structured approach for provisioning of services to broadband satellite terminals for mobile user groups and addresses: -- a systematic satellite communication system design process for collective mobile terminals; -- mobile satellite modelling at a wide range of frequencies, including current and potential frequencies; -- an optimised Pointing Acquisition and Tracking (PAT) system design including characterisation of moments for vehicle types of all mobile scenarios; -- a general hierarchical multi-service dimensioning methodology for collectively mobile user groups, including voice, data, and multimedia services; -- an aeronautical system dimensioning scheme with (capacity and handover) requirements analysis and evaluation of results for different satellite scenarios.

The Internet of today is very different from how it used to be. Modern networked applications are becoming increasingly diverse. Consequently, a variety of requirements must be met by the network. Efforts to make the underlying mechanisms of the Internet more flexible have therefore been made to adapt to this diversification. In this thesis, we explore how information about application requirements can be leveraged to optimize the network protocol stack of end-hosts during run-time. In addition, we improve the visibility of the network to the end-host in order to enable additional flexibility in the usage of the network's resources. We conduct tests in real-world testbeds and examine how services might be developed to optimize latency, throughput, and availability for various network traffic scenarios, including 360-degree video streaming, drone autopilots, and connected vehicles. We show how multi-connectivity, where the end-host is connected via multiple network paths simultaneously, may be used to significantly reduce latency and increase availability, while minimizing the overhead imposed on the network by carefully considering the network selection process. Furthermore, we describe an architecture that allows the user equipment and network functionality inside the 5G core network to cooperatively optimize the resource usage of the network. / The Internet of today is very different from how it used to be. Modern networked applications are becoming increasingly diverse. Consequently, a variety of requirements must be met by the network. This presents a massive challenge, since the Internet was originally designed on best-effort principle.  To address this challenge, we explore how Internet end-hosts can flexibly adapt to the needs of individual applications, by dynamically configuring the network protocol stack during run-time. In addition, we improve the visibility of the network, allowing end-hosts to better utilize the resources of the network.  We conduct tests in real-world testbeds and examine how services might be developed to optimize latency, throughput, and availability for various network traffic scenarios. We also show how multiple network paths can be used simultaneously to significantly reduce latency and increase availability, while minimizing the overhead imposed on the network. Furthermore, we describe an architecture that allows the user equipment and network functionality inside the 5G core network to cooperatively optimize the resource usage of the network. / <p>Paper II was published as a manuscript in the thesis. It is an extended version of the paper, which adds additional material that had to be cut from the original paper due to page limit restrictions.</p>

This work deals with provisioning of communication services via satellites for collectively mobile user groups in a heterogeneous network with several radio access technologies. The extended use of personalised user equipment beyond the coverage of one single terrestrial network by means of a satellite transport link, represents an increasingly important trend in mobile satellite communication. This trend is confirmed by the commercial introduction of broadband satellite communication to mobile terminals mounted on vehicles, trains, ships or aircraft. This work provides a consequent and structured approach for provisioning of services to broadband satellite terminals for mobile user groups and addresses: -- a systematic satellite communication system design process for collective mobile terminals; -- mobile satellite modelling at a wide range of frequencies, including current and potential frequencies; -- an optimised Pointing Acquisition and Tracking (PAT) system design including characterisation of moments for vehicle types of all mobile scenarios; -- a general hierarchical multi-service dimensioning methodology for collectively mobile user groups, including voice, data, and multimedia services; -- an aeronautical system dimensioning scheme with (capacity and handover) requirements analysis and evaluation of results for different satellite scenarios.

New digital distribution and value capture models have emerged on the global music industry scene in the last ten years. These models are highly dependent on a strong underlying communications and broadband internet infrastructure which is largely present in most developed markets. South Africa, however, is a developing country whose broadband infrastructure is still nascent and not as widely available or accessible. Due to the permeation of mobile technology, most broadband internet access is likely to occur through the mobile networks in most developing markets. This stands in stark contrast to developed markets where broadband internet access occurs primarily via fixed line infrastructure with mobile as a secondary option.This research set out to investigate whether digital value distribution and value capture models which succeeded in developed countries would be suitable for the South African music industry given the broadband infrastructure constraints and the different internet access methodologies prevalent in this developing market. This research employed an exploratory research methodology in order to investigate this question and found that a mixture of value distribution and value capture models would address the entire market requirement, with mobile-centric digital distribution models being most suitable for mass market deployment. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

[pt] A ascenção dos computadores e da banda-larga móvel e fixa são fatores importantes nas mudanças observadas no mercado de trabalho dos países ricos. Conforme o mundo tecnológico rapidamente evolui e cada vez mais rápida conectividade surge, há pouca evidência dos impactos das atuais tecnologias nos países em desenvolvimento. O Brasil, em particular, durante a última década, observou uma notória expansão do acesso à internet móvel. Nesta dissertação, explora-se o rápido avanço da cobertura de 4G para estimar os efeitos causais de internet móvel rápida para mercados locais de trabalho formal no Brasil. Como as tecnologias de 4G não são instaladas randomicamente, compromissos de abrangência, presentes nos contratos entre operadores nacionais da banda de 4G e a agência nacional de telecomunicações (ANATEL), servem como variável instrumental para presença de internet. O crescimento médio observado na amostra de número de operadores presente em cada mercado local é responsável por uma redução de 8 porcento nos contratos formais de trabalho (40 porcento da variação no período). Esta redução é causada por (i) redução de rotatividade e por (ii) efeitos de desemprego. Consistentes com a hipótese de rotineirização, o 4G reduz a demanda de trabalho para tarefas rotineiras e manuais. Com isso, há um aumento da proporção de trabalhadores com ensino superior e em ocupações que exigem maior qualificação. Os efeitos são concentrados no extremo da distribuição dos setores em termos de uso de tecnologias, mas não houve efeitos na composição das indústrias. Identifica-se evidência sugestiva de que banda-larga móvel está associada à polarização nos empregos. / [en] The rise of computerization and fixed and mobile broadband has been an important factor for changes in the labor market of rich countries. However, as the world of tech rapidly evolves and even faster mobile internet emerges, there is still little evidence about the impact of current mobile technologies in developing countries. Brazil, in particular, during the last decade, has seen a remarkable increase in mobile internet access. In this dissertation, I explore this rapid expansion of 4G coverage to estimate the causal effects of fast mobile internet in formal local labor markets in Brazil. Since 4G technologies are not rolled out randomly, provision commitments in contracts between 4G national operators and Brazilian regulatory agency of telecommunications (ANATEL) work as an instrumental variable to internet presence. The average increase of mobile operators observed in sample is responsible for a reduction of 8 percent in formal employment contracts (about 40 percent of the variation in period). This reduction is explained by (i) reduced turnover and by (ii) displacement effects. Consistent with the routinization hypothesis, 4G expansion shifts labor demand away from manual and routine tasks. This, in turn, has benefited more high-skilled workers, increasing the share of college-graduates in the labor force and the average skill level index of local labor markets. Effects are driven by the extremes of the distribution of technological intensity but there are no changes in the industry-composition of labor markets. I also show suggestive evidence that mobile broadband is associated with job polarization.

寬頻擴散可促進國家之生產力、就業、經濟成長及國家競爭力等，若能精準找出促進寬頻擴散之關鍵影響因素，將有利於政府集中資源有效率地推動寬頻發展。本研究提出研究問題與假說，以Rogers (2003)及Hall (2006)所提出影響創新擴散速率之社經因素、採用成本、採用效益、網路效應、資訊及不確定性及產業環境等6大因素面向為基礎，蒐集OECD國家及台灣等31國家相關資料，挑選Gompertz模型進行固定寬頻擴散Panel資料迴歸分析，發現各因素在全期及不同擴散階段有不同之顯著性與影響程度，表示分階段分析有其必要性。擴散初期之關鍵影響因素為收入、教育水準、平台競爭程度、人口密度及實施LLU累積年度等5項，而擴散後期之關鍵影響因素為寬頻價格、網際網路內容、決定採用時固定寬頻用戶比例、撥接用戶比例及擁有PC家庭比例等5項，可作為政府及業者於不同擴散階段精準投入資源以有效推動寬頻擴散之參考。 本研究續以前述分析結果選取日本、南韓、美國、丹麥、瑞士及台灣進行實際擴散比較，確認前述關鍵影響因素挑選之有效性。擴散初期，台灣有高人口密度優勢，若能提早推動寬頻並推動促進競爭措施，可促進初期之快速擴散。擴散後期，台灣國際排名退步，原因為寬頻價格過高，故此階段政府及業者應特別確保寬頻價格能夠使潛在採用者有能力並願意付費採用，才能促使寬頻持續有效擴散。 最後，本研究採用與固定寬頻相同迴歸分析模型對FTTX及行動寬頻分別進行分析後，有關行動寬頻，教育水準、寬頻價格、決定採用時行動寬頻用戶比例、人口密度、網際網路內容、使用固定寬頻語音服務比例、決定採用時FTTX用戶比例及使用網際網路家庭比例等8項變數有顯著效應；有關行動寬頻，收入、寬頻價格、網際網路內容、決定採用時行動寬頻用戶比例、使用網際網路家庭比例及人口密度等6項變數有顯著效應。因此，政府及業者若擬促進特定寬頻服務發展，仍須針對其服務特性推動特定之政策或策略。其中，寬頻價格、網際網路內容、網路效應及使用網際網路家庭比例等4項因素對FTTX及行動寬頻服務之影響類似，而此4個因素與固定寬頻後期擴散之關鍵影響因素較相近，因此，對於已存在市場的服務，即使是後來以較佳品質或功能之新服務型式提供，新服務之關鍵影響因素仍較接近已存在市場服務關鍵因素。 總之，本研究不同於過去文獻，以創新擴散理論為基礎，以國家層級資料量化分析與探討寬頻擴散之關鍵影響因素，除分別提供政策及管理建議供政府及業者參考外，亦補強Rogers (2003)及Hall (2006)所提出創新擴散理論未釐清與比較創新擴散影響因素在不同擴散階段影響之不足。 / Broadband diffusion may enhance innovation, productivity, employment, economic growth, and, ultimately, national competitiveness. If key determinants for broadband diffusion are identified, governments can align its resources with them to effectively promote the diffusion. Based on the determinants of the diffusion rate identified by Rogers (2003) and Hall (2006), this research compiled data available about OECD countries as well as Taiwan to implement overall and staged panel regressions on fixed broadband diffusion by adopting Gompertz model. The findings indicate that the significance of the determinants varies between overall and staged analysis, which consequently justifies the necessity of a staged analysis. The key determinants in the early stage are income, education level, platform competition, population density, and the accumulated years of implementing LLU policy; however, in the late stage they are broadband price, Internet content, network effect, the penetration of dial-up users, and percentage of household with computer. Governments may more accurately promote broadband diffusion according to different key determinants in different stages. This research further compared the real fixed broadband diffusion of Japan, South Korea, USA, Denmark, Switzerland, and Taiwan based on the previous analysis results. The findings generally justify the choice of key determinants in the previous analysis. In the early stage, Taiwan had the advantage of high population density. If the government could have promoted fixed broad banded services and market competition earlier, the penetration would have grown much faster. In the late stage, since the broadband price was too high in Taiwan, its international ranking of fixed broadband penetration declined. Therefore, in order to further promote the diffusion of fixed broadband, the government should have ensured that the price was low enough to convince the potential adoptors to purchase broadband services. Finally, this research adopted the same approach as that of previous fixed broadband to analyze the diffusion of FTTX and mobile broadband, respectively. Education level, broadband price, network effect of FTTX, network effect of mobile broadband, Internet content, population density, percentage of household with computer, and the penetration of fixed VOIP users have significant effect on FTTX diffusion. However, income, broadband price, network effect of mobile broadband, Internet content, population density, and percentage of household with computer have significant effect on mobile broadband diffusion. Therefore, governments or operators should tailor their policies or strategies for specific services. The effects of broadband price, Internet content, network effect, and percentage of household with computer are similar in both FTTX and mobile broadband, and they are also similar to the key determinants of fixed broadband diffusion in the late stage. Therefore, even though a new service with better quality or function is introduced in an existing market, its key determinants are more similar to those of the existing service depending on its diffusion stage. In conclusion, different from previous research, this one applied national-level data to quantatively analyzed and explore the key determinants of broadband diffusion based on innovation diffusion theory. The research findings not only propose policy and management suggestions to governments and service providers, but also supplement the the theory proposed by Rogers (2003) and Hall (2006), which did not identify and compare the determinants of innovation in different diffusion stages.

Over the last few years, there has been a signifi cant rise in the mobile broadband users worldwide. Recently, operators around the world have been improving the 3G networks by providing Dual Carrier-High Speed Packet Access+ (DC-HSPA+) services in both uplink and downlink to the users. However, the delay performance of the operational DC-HSPA+ networks is not focused. Firstly, we investigate and analyze the e ffect of operator service on One-Way Delay (OWD) and Jitter. Secondly, we investigate the treatment of protocols by 3G network for random packet sizes and random Inter Packet Duration (IPD). Thirdly, we investigate the eff ect of background load on OWD for packets generated at very low rate. Fourthly, we investigate the impact of constant IPD and streaming. Fifthly, we investigate the effects of shrinking the interval of IPD on OWD in 3G networks. Lastly, we investigate the OWD for Constant-Bit-Rate (CBR) and Variable-Bit-Rate (VBR) transmission patterns. Firstly, results show that OWD in the DC-HSPA+ networks is lower compared to the OWD in the preceding HSUPA networks and OWD strongly depends on packet-size at lower rates. Secondly, the 3G networks treat User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) protocols similarly for random packet size and random IPD. Thirdly, at high rates OWD depends on E-TFCE-DCH Transport Format Combination (ETFC) grants. Thirdly, the results also indicate that background load has a signi ficant impact on the end-to-end OWD. Fourthly, for low rates, OWD depends on packet sizes and for high rates OWD depends on IPD and for higher rates, OWD depends on E-TFC grants. Fifthly, we also observe: Shrinking the interval of IPD does not necessarily improve the OWD performance. Lastly, results also indicate that the VBR pattern has a better OWD performance than the CBR pattern for low transmission rates.