Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Cet ouvrage traite de la formation diastéréosélective de tétrahydropyranes 3,7-cis et 3,7-trans polysubstitués. Des méthodologies de cycloétherification et de C-glycosidation en tandem avec une réduction radicalaire y sont décrites (pyranes 3,7- trans) tandis qu’une haloéthérification en tandem avec le même processus radicalaire conduit aux pyranes 3,7-cis. Suite à des travaux antérieurs du laboratoire, des études ont été réalisées afin de comprendre l’influence de la stéréochimie des substituants en position C3, C6, C7 et C8 sur l’issue diastéréochimique lors d’un transfert d’hydrure sous contrôle exocyclique sur un centre radicalaire adjacent à un tétrahydropyrane (C2). Ces études ont permis de solutionner les problèmes de diastéréosélectivité rencontrés lors des réductions radicalaires des centres en C2 de divers fragments élaborés d’ionophores (e.g. zincophorine, salinomycine, narasine…) réalisées par notre groupe. Des études conformationnelles réalisées sur des pyranes di- ou tri-substitués ont permis de comprendre les diastéréosélectivités notées lors du processus radicalaire en fonction des stéréochimies relatives des centres précédemment cités. En particulier, l’utilisation d’un bicycle rigide (trans-octahydrochromène) a permis de montrer l’importance du positionnement spatial (axial ou équatorial) de la chaîne portant le centre radicalaire. Par la suite, nous avons pu mettre en évidence une amplification des ratios en faveur du produit de réduction radicalaire 2,3-anti lorsque la réaction est réalisée en présence d’un acide de Lewis monodentate encombré (MAD). L’optimisation du contrôle endocyclique lors du transfert d’hydrure a permis de générer la stéréochimie complémentaire 2,3-syn. L’utilisation du TTMSS comme source d’hydrure combinée à l’utilisation d’un acide de Lewis bidentate tel que MgBr2·OEt2 a permis l’obtention d’excellentes sélectivités en faveur du produit endocyclique. Des études RMN 13C ainsi que le titrage des ions Mg2+ en solution ont été effectués afin de comprendre la nature des complexes impliqués. Finalement, ces études ont permis la formation stéréocontrôlée de centres stéréogéniques adjacents à un THP, motifs fréquement rencontrés dans certains policétides. Elles permettent ainsi d’envisager la synthèse de polyéthers de type ionophore et d’autres molécules d’intérêt biologique. / This work describes the diastereoselective formation of polysubstituted 3,7-cis and 3,7-trans tetrahydropyrans. Tandem radical reduction/cycletherification and tandem radical reduction/C-glycosidation methodologies are depicted for 3,7-trans pyrans formation while tandem radical reduction/haloetherification lead to 3,7-cis pyrans. Following previous work in the laboratory, studies have been conducted to better understand the stereochemical influence that substituents in the C3, C6, C7 and C8 positions have on the diastereoselectivity of a hydride transfer radical reaction on a radical center with an adjacent tetrahydropyran (exocyclic control). These studies have helped to solve diastereoselectivity problems encountered with C2 radical reductions in different ionophore fragments (e.g. zincophorin, salinomycin, narasin ...) that were investigated by our group. Conformational studies performed on di-or tri-substituted pyrans have helped to understand the diastereoselectivities observed in the radical process of the stereochemical centers mentioned above. In particular, the use of a bicycle frame (trans-octahydrochromene) showed the importance of the spatial positioning (axial or equatorial) of the radical center chain. Subsequently, we were able to demonstrate an increase ratios for the 2,3-anti radical reduction product when the reaction was performed in the presence of a bulky monodentate Lewis acid (MAD). Optimization of hydride transfer under endocyclic control has generated the complementary 2,3-syn stereochemistry. Use of TTMSS as a hydride source combined with the use of a bidentate Lewis acid such as MgBr2·OEt2 allowed for the formation of endocyclic products with excellent selectivities. 13C NMR studies and titration of Mg2+ ions in solution were performed to understand the nature of the complexes involved. Finally, these studies led to the stereocontrolled formation of stereogenic centers adjacent to a THP, motifs frequently encountered in polyketides. This work thus involves the synthesis of polyether ionophore-type fragments and other molecules of biological interest.

Cet ouvrage traite de la formation diastéréosélective de tétrahydropyranes 3,7-cis et 3,7-trans polysubstitués. Des méthodologies de cycloétherification et de C-glycosidation en tandem avec une réduction radicalaire y sont décrites (pyranes 3,7- trans) tandis qu’une haloéthérification en tandem avec le même processus radicalaire conduit aux pyranes 3,7-cis. Suite à des travaux antérieurs du laboratoire, des études ont été réalisées afin de comprendre l’influence de la stéréochimie des substituants en position C3, C6, C7 et C8 sur l’issue diastéréochimique lors d’un transfert d’hydrure sous contrôle exocyclique sur un centre radicalaire adjacent à un tétrahydropyrane (C2). Ces études ont permis de solutionner les problèmes de diastéréosélectivité rencontrés lors des réductions radicalaires des centres en C2 de divers fragments élaborés d’ionophores (e.g. zincophorine, salinomycine, narasine…) réalisées par notre groupe. Des études conformationnelles réalisées sur des pyranes di- ou tri-substitués ont permis de comprendre les diastéréosélectivités notées lors du processus radicalaire en fonction des stéréochimies relatives des centres précédemment cités. En particulier, l’utilisation d’un bicycle rigide (trans-octahydrochromène) a permis de montrer l’importance du positionnement spatial (axial ou équatorial) de la chaîne portant le centre radicalaire. Par la suite, nous avons pu mettre en évidence une amplification des ratios en faveur du produit de réduction radicalaire 2,3-anti lorsque la réaction est réalisée en présence d’un acide de Lewis monodentate encombré (MAD). L’optimisation du contrôle endocyclique lors du transfert d’hydrure a permis de générer la stéréochimie complémentaire 2,3-syn. L’utilisation du TTMSS comme source d’hydrure combinée à l’utilisation d’un acide de Lewis bidentate tel que MgBr2·OEt2 a permis l’obtention d’excellentes sélectivités en faveur du produit endocyclique. Des études RMN 13C ainsi que le titrage des ions Mg2+ en solution ont été effectués afin de comprendre la nature des complexes impliqués. Finalement, ces études ont permis la formation stéréocontrôlée de centres stéréogéniques adjacents à un THP, motifs fréquement rencontrés dans certains policétides. Elles permettent ainsi d’envisager la synthèse de polyéthers de type ionophore et d’autres molécules d’intérêt biologique. / This work describes the diastereoselective formation of polysubstituted 3,7-cis and 3,7-trans tetrahydropyrans. Tandem radical reduction/cycletherification and tandem radical reduction/C-glycosidation methodologies are depicted for 3,7-trans pyrans formation while tandem radical reduction/haloetherification lead to 3,7-cis pyrans. Following previous work in the laboratory, studies have been conducted to better understand the stereochemical influence that substituents in the C3, C6, C7 and C8 positions have on the diastereoselectivity of a hydride transfer radical reaction on a radical center with an adjacent tetrahydropyran (exocyclic control). These studies have helped to solve diastereoselectivity problems encountered with C2 radical reductions in different ionophore fragments (e.g. zincophorin, salinomycin, narasin ...) that were investigated by our group. Conformational studies performed on di-or tri-substituted pyrans have helped to understand the diastereoselectivities observed in the radical process of the stereochemical centers mentioned above. In particular, the use of a bicycle frame (trans-octahydrochromene) showed the importance of the spatial positioning (axial or equatorial) of the radical center chain. Subsequently, we were able to demonstrate an increase ratios for the 2,3-anti radical reduction product when the reaction was performed in the presence of a bulky monodentate Lewis acid (MAD). Optimization of hydride transfer under endocyclic control has generated the complementary 2,3-syn stereochemistry. Use of TTMSS as a hydride source combined with the use of a bidentate Lewis acid such as MgBr2·OEt2 allowed for the formation of endocyclic products with excellent selectivities. 13C NMR studies and titration of Mg2+ ions in solution were performed to understand the nature of the complexes involved. Finally, these studies led to the stereocontrolled formation of stereogenic centers adjacent to a THP, motifs frequently encountered in polyketides. This work thus involves the synthesis of polyether ionophore-type fragments and other molecules of biological interest.

Dans un contexte où l’énergie représente un enjeu majeur pour les pays et organisations à économies émergentes et développées, la recherche de nouvelles sources renouvelables et la démocratisation des vecteurs énergétiques permettant l’approvisionnement mondial de façon durable constitue un devoir pour la communauté scientifique internationale. D’ailleurs, il serait essentiel que les nombreuses disciplines de la chimie concertent leurs efforts. Plus particulièrement, la croissance de la recherche en chimie de coordination orientée vers la photosynthèse artificielle ainsi que le développement de matériaux fonctionnels démontre l’importance indéniable de ce champ de recherche. Ce travail présente dans un premier temps l’étude des différentes voies de synthèse d’hydroxyamidines, un ligand chélatant aux propriétés de coordination prometteuses ne recevant que très peu d’attention de la part de la communauté scientifique. Dans un deuxième temps, nous présenterons le développement d’une stratégie d’assemblage de leurs complexes supramoléculaires impliquant des métaux de transition abondants et peu dispendieux de la première rangée. Dans un troisième temps, il sera question de l’investigation de leurs propriétés photophysiques et électrochimiques à des fins d’applications au sein de matériaux fonctionnels. Pour ce faire, les différentes voies de synthèse des hydroxyamidines et de leurs amidines correspondantes qui ont précédemment été étudiées par les membres du groupe seront tout d’abord perfectionnées, puis investiguées afin de déterminer leur versatilité. Ensuite, les propriétés de complexation des amox résultantes comportant des motifs sélectionnés seront déterminées pour enfin étudier les propriétés photophysiques et électrochimiques d’une série de complexes de métaux de transition de la première rangée. En somme, plusieurs designs qu’offrent les amox et bis-amox sont étudiés et les propriétés des architectures résultantes de leur auto-assemblage sont déterminées. / In a context where energy supply represents a major challenge for countries and organizations with emerging and developed economies, the search for new renewable resources and the democratization of energy vectors allowing sustainable worldwide supply is a responsibility for the international scientific community. Besides, it would be essential that the many disciplines of chemistry concerted their efforts. In particular, the growth of research in coordination chemistry oriented toward artificial photosynthesis and the development of functional materials demonstrates the undeniable importance of this field of research. The first part of the work presents different synthetic routes to hydroxyamidines, a chelating ligand with promising properties and receiving very little attention from the scientific community. Secondly, we present the development of a strategy of assembly of their supramolecular complexes involving abundant and cheap first row transition metal. Thirdly, we will discuss the investigation of their photophysical and electrochemical properties for their purposes in functional materials applications. To do this, the different synthesis routes of hydroxyamidines and their corresponding amidines which have previously been studied by other members of the group will first be improved then investigated to determine their versatility. Next, the complexing properties of the resulting amox having selected patterns will be determined to finally study the photophysical and electrochemical properties of a series of first row transition metal complexes. In sum, the various designs offered by amox and the bis-amox complexes are studied and the properties of the resulting architectures of their self-assemblies are determined.

No description available.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Neste trabalho uma classe de carboxilatos trinucleares de rutênio coordenados a ligantes ortometalados foi apresentada. As propriedades eletrônicas, eletroquímicas e fotofísicas destes complexos foram investigadas, bem como a atividade anticâncer e interações com biomoléculas alvo, DNA e HSA. Foram realizadas as sínteses e caracterização dos ligantes (L2) C18H10N4, (L3) C19H12N4, (L4) C18H9ClN4, dos precursores (1) [Ru3O(OAc)6(CH3OH)3]CH3COO, (2) [Ru3O(OAc)6(CO)(CH3OH)2], (3) [Ru3O(OAc)6(CO)(py)2], (4) [Ru3O(OAc)6(H2O)(py)2]PF6 e dos novos complexos (1-5), [Ru3O(OAc)5(py)2(L)]PF6, (onde py = piridina, L1 = dppn, L2 = dppz, L3 = dppzCH3, L4 = dppzCl, L5 = phen). Os dados de RMN mostraram que a ortometalação dos ligantes fenazínicos afeta a estrutura dos complexos, com severo abaixamento de simetria. Já a investigação das propriedades eletrônicas e eletroquímicas indicaram que a presença de diferentes substituintes e a basicidade dos ligantes ortometalados influenciaram pouco as propriedades da unidade [Ru3O]+. Em termos da estrutura eletrônica dos complexos, este efeito indica que não há interações de natureza significativas entre os orbitais da unidade [Ru3O]+ e dos ligantes ortometalados. Esse fato pode se originar na falta de planaridade entre a unidade [Ru3O]+ e os ligantes fenazínicos. Os resultados de citotoxicidade em linhagem de célula tumoral (B16F10) e não tumoral (L929) mostraram que os complexos apresentam efeito citotóxico maior contra as células tumorais do que os ligantes livres, bem como baixa citotoxicidade contra a célula não tumoral. Estes resultados mostraram que a série com ligantes ortometalados traz os exemplos com os melhores desempenhos já observados em nosso grupo de pesquisa, em comparação com outros clusters com ponte -oxo, frente ao câncer de melanoma. Os estudos de interação com biomoléculas alvo mostraram que os complexos interagem com o DNA e a HSA. Com o DNA observou-se interações de natureza eletrostática, com contribuição do mecanismo de intercalação à medida que o tamanho e a extensão da conjugação dos ligantes ortometalados aumentam, sendo que o processo de intercalação é favorecido no caso do complexo (1) com o ligante dppn. Foram realizados estudos de interação dos complexos (1-5) com a HSA. Constataram-se valores altos das constantes de ligação complexos-HSA (da ordem 109 M-1) e alterações na estrutura secundária da proteína. Os parâmetros termodinâmicos de interação com o DNA e HSA indicaram que as interações clusters-biomoléculas também apresentam contribuições de caráter hidrofóbico / In this work a class of trinuclear ruthenium carboxylates coordinated to ortho-metallated ligands was presented. The electronic, electrochemical and photophysical properties of these complexes were investigated, as well as anticancer activity and interactions with target biomolecules, DNA and HSA. Synthesis and characterization of ligands (L2) C18H10N4, (L3) C19H12N4, (L4) C18H9ClN4, precursors (1) [Ru3O(OAc)6(CH3OH)3]CH3COO, (2) [Ru3O(OAc)6(CO)(CH3OH)2], (3) [Ru3O(OAc)6(CO)(py)2], (4) [Ru3O(OAc)6(py)2(CH3OH)]PF6 and the complexes (1-5), [Ru3O(OAc)5(py)2(L)] PF6, (where py = pyridine, L1 = dppn, L2 = dppz, L3 = dppzCH3, L4 = dppzCl, L5 = phen). NMR data showed that the ortho-metallation of phenazine ligands affects the structure of the complexes, with severe symmetry lowering. On the other hand, the investigation of the electronic and electrochemical properties indicated that presence of different substituents and the basicity of the ortho-metallated ligands influence little the properties of the unit [Ru3O]+. In terms of the electronic structure of the complexes, this effect indicates that there are no significant -type interactions between the orbitals of the [Ru3O]+ unit and ortometalated ligands. This fact may arise from the lack of planarity between the [Ru3O]+ unit and the phenazine ligands. The results of cytotoxicity in tumor cell and non-tumor cell lines showed that the complexes have a greater cytotoxic effect against tumor cells than free ligands, as well as low cytotoxicity against the non-tumor cell. These results have shown that the series with ortometal ligands brings the best performing examples already observed in our research group, compared to other trinuclear acetates of ruthenium with -oxo bridge, against melanoma cancer. The interaction studies with target biomolecules showed that the complexes interact with DNA and HSA. With the DNA, we observed interactions of an electrostatic nature, with contribution of the intercalation mechanism as the size and extent of conjugation of the orthomolected ligands increases, and the intercalation process is favored in the case of complex (1) with the dppn binder. Interaction studies of the complexes (1-5) with the HSA were performed. High complex-protein association constants (of the order 109 M-1) and alterations in the secondary structure were observed in the presence of the complexes (1-5). The thermodynamic parameters of interaction with DNA and HSA indicated that the clusters-biomolecules interactions also present hydrophobic contributions

No description available.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

By examining structure activity relationships for a given catalytic reaction it is possible to discover what ligand features and parameters lead to stable and highly active/selective catalyst systems. With this knowledge in hand it may be possible to rationally design next generation ligands and catalysts to affect improved substrate transformations, with higher selectivities and faster reaction times. The success of Burk's DuPhos ligands in asymmetric hydrogenation demonstrated that chiral phosphacycles can be a potent source of chiral induction, whilst in a similar vein the work of van Leeuwen and Kamer established the wide bite angle xanthene based ligands as excellent catalysts in a range of reactions including hydroformylation. In a preliminary study with Osborne they showed that combining these wide bite angle ligand backbones with Burk's phospholane moieties led to a new powerful ligand in asymmetric allylic substitution. To examine the potential of combining these two ligand features further we designed and synthesised nine new C2-symmetric bidentate wide bite angle bisphosphacyclic ligands, featuring phosphetane, phospholane or diazaphospholane rings, aiming at a wide diversity of steric and electronic properties. The application of these ligands as chiral auxiliaries in transition metal catalysed reactions, including; hydrogenation, hydrocyanation, hydroformylation and allylic alkylation has been investigated. Good to excellent enantioselectivities were observed in all reactions, with maximum ee's of 92.5% observed in hydrogenation, using N-(3,4-dihydro-1-napthalenyl)-acetamide as substrate, and of 96.2% in the alkylation of 1,3-diphenyl-2-propenyl acetate.