This thesis examines the use of irony in Joyce’s Portrait, claiming that it has the effect of deconstructing common notions of maturity that are engrained within the Bildungsroman tradition, and that this was Joyce’s intention. In Portrait, irony plays the role of psychological reality, undercutting Stephen’s unrealistic expectation to see his life follow a traditional path of teleological progression. This essay proceeds by looking at the novel’s symbolic, thematic and literary cues, as well as through an analysis of its structure, and Stephen’s psychological and behavioral tendencies throughout the novel. This interpretation of the irony as bearing deconstructive meaning comes from the essay adopting a static, as opposed to a kinetic, apprehension of Stephen in Portrait.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study the genre-theory of the ‘female’ Bildungsroman is utilised as a theoretical lens in the analysis of Annerkant die longdrop [Beyond sanity] by Anoeschka von Meck (1998) and De vriendschap [The friendship] by Connie Palmen. Differences and similarities between these narratives of female development, in comparison to the traditional Bildungsroman and ‘female’ Bildungsroman, are identified. This procédé leads to new insights regarding the female characters and their journeys to selfhood in Annerkant die longdrop and De vriendschap. The ‘female’ Bildungsroman is distinguished from her patriarchal counterpart by the central motifs of the developing female body and sexuality which are inscribed in the discourse. These motifs and the subversion of the traditional Bildungsroman are linked with French feminists’ concept of écriture féminine. By comparing Annerkant die longdrop and De vriendschap as ‘female’ Bildungsromane and examples of écriture féminine new derivations can be made about the genre and narratives of female development. The difference between male and female development is one of the aspects highlighted when the ‘female’ Bildungsroman is utilised as theoretical lens. Furthermore the fluidity and instability of the female subject and of the texts in which she comes to life are emphasized. This study raises new questions about the development and emancipation of the female character in Afrikaans literature from 1960 onwards. Furthermore it demonstrates that the theory of the Bildungsroman opens up new research possibilities, especially regarding identity, and can be utilised in the reading of a variety of Afrikaans texts. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die genre-teorie van die ‘vroulike’ Bildungsroman dien in hierdie studie as primêre teoretiese bril of lens by die analise van Annerkant die longdrop (1998) deur Anoeschka von Meck en De vriendschap (1995) deur Connie Palmen. Die ontwikkeling van vroulike protagoniste in hierdie romans word met die eienskappe van beide die tradisionele Bildungsroman én die ‘vroulike’ Bildungsroman in verband gebring en vergelyk. Dié procédé bring nuwe aspekte oor die ontwikkelende vrouekarakters en ontwikkelingsreise in Annerkant die longdrop en De vriendschap na vore. Die wyse waarop die ‘vroulike’ Bildungsroman die literêre grense van die tradisionele Bildungsroman ondermyn en die ontwikkelende vroulike liggaam en seksualiteit inskryf in die diskoers, word met Franse feministe se teoretiese konsep van écriture féminine in verband gebring. Uit die vergelyking van Annerkant die longdrop en De vriendschap blyk dit dat die genre-teorie van die ‘vroulike’ Bildungsroman en die feministiese tradisie van die écriture féminine nuwe aspekte oor narratiewe van vroulike ontwikkeling na vore bring. So beklemtoon hierdie teorie byvoorbeeld die verskil tussen manlike en vroulike ontwikkeling en wys op sowel die vloeiende, onvaste aard van hedendaagse vroulike subjekte as op die tekste wat die ontwikkeling van hierdie vroulike subjekte verwoord. Nuwe vrae oor die mate waarin Afrikaanse vrouekarakters sedert die sestigerjare ontwikkel het, kan na aanleiding van hierdie studie gestel word. Verder wys die ondersoek op nuwe navorsingsmoontlikhede, veral in terme van die soeke na identiteit, wat die Bildungsroman inhou by die bestudering van die Afrikaanse literatuur.

This project examines the concepts of the female bildungsroman in literature. In particular it looks at two female characters created by George R.R. Martin, the sisters, Sansa and Arya Stark. The project focuses on the characteristics of the female bildungsroman and whether or not the female bildungsroman is a valid literary concept. This has been done by examining what is a bildungsroman and is there a difference between male and female bildungsroman. The goal is to show that the female bildungsroman is valid and that Sansa and Arya are perfect examples.

Steampunk first appeared in the 1980s as a subgenre of science fiction, featuring anachronistic technologies with a veneer of Victorian sensibilities. In recent years steampunk has re-emerged in young adult science fiction as a fresh and dynamic subgenre, which includes titles such as The Girl in the Steel Corset by Kady Cross, The Hunchback Assignment by Arthur Slade, and Mortal Engines by Philip Reeve. Like their predecessors, these modern steampunk novels for teens use retrofuturistic historiography and innovative mechanical aesthetics to dramatize the volatile relationship between man and technology, only in these novels the narrative is intentionally set in the context of their teen protagonist's social and emotional development. However, didactic conventions such as technophobia and the formulaic linearity of the bildungsroman narrative complicate and frustrate steampunk's representation of adolescent formation. Using case studies of Leviathan by Scott Westerfeld and The Alchemy of Stone by Ekaterina Sedia, retrofuturism and technological hybridity are presented as defining features of steampunk that subvert young adult science fiction's technophobic and liberal humanist traditions. The dirigible and the automaton are examined as the quintessential tropes of steampunk fiction that reproduce the necessary amphibious quality, invoking new expressions and understanding of adolescent growth and identity formation that have a distinctly utopian, nostalgic, and ecocentric undertone.

Habilitation - Universität, Bamberg, 2006/07. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [399]-433).

Ce travail se penche sur la production fictionnelle de Lucia Miguel Pereira, critique littéraire brésilienne renommée et auteur d’ouvrages célèbres tels que: Prosa de ficção [Prose de fiction] ainsi que les biographies de Machado de Assis et de Gonçalves Dias. Ce nonobstant, sa création n’a pas obtenu le même intérêt critique que sa production historiographique, essayistique et biographique. L’étude procède à une analyse de l’oeuvre fictionnelle de l’auteur en mettant l’accent sur les romans Maria Luísa (1933), Em surdina [En sourdine] (1933), Amanhecer [Aube] (1938) et Cabra-cega [Cache-cache] (1954). L’objectif est de dévoiler leurs caractéristiques et de situer l’auteur dans l’ensemble de la production fictionnelle brésilienne de l’époque (en particulier des années 1930). Le travail évoque sa trajectoire intellectuelle et distingue ses principales prises de position critiques, de nature esthétique et politique, depuis la lecture de sa production intellectuelle; partant de là, les oeuvres fictionnelles sont analysées sur la base des conceptions de la romancière et des fondements théoriques du récit, dont le roman d’introspection et le roman de formation (Bildungsroman). La recherche promeut une vision d’ensemble de sa production, aussi bien critique que fictionnelle, en reprenant certaines de ses prises de positions. D’autre part, elle vise à caractériser sa production narrative en termes de proximité avec les présupposés du roman psychologique et du roman de formation, afin de jeter un nouveau regard sur la fiction produite par la romancière. / O trabalho tem como enfoque a produção ficcional de Lucia Miguel Pereira, figura de destaque entre os críticos literários brasileiros, principalmente pela autoria de textos célebres como a obra Prosa de ficção e as biografias de Machado de Assis e de Gonçalves Dias, mas que não obteve para sua criação o mesmo empenho crítico de sua produção historiográfica, ensaística e biográfica. O estudo analisa a obra ficcional de Lucia, principalmente os romances, Maria Luísa (1933), Em surdina (1933), Amanhecer (1938) e Cabra-cega (1954), procurando destacar suas características e situar a autora no conjunto da produção ficcional brasileira do período (principalmente da década de 30). O trabalho faz uma recuperação da trajetória intelectual de Lucia e destaca os seus principais posicionamentos críticos, de natureza estética e política, a partir da leitura de sua produção intelectual; com esse levantamento, são analisadas as obras ficcionais, tomando por base as concepções da autora e os fundamentos teóricos da narrativa, especialmente do romance de introspecção e do Bildungsroman. A pesquisa promove uma visão sobre o conjunto de sua produção, tanto crítica quanto ficcional, recuperando alguns de seus posicionamentos e caracterizando, especialmente, a produção narrativa da autora, no que tange à sua proximidade com os pressupostos do romance psicológico e do romance de formação, lançando um novo olhar para a ficção produzida por Lucia Miguel Pereira.

Ce travail se penche sur la production fictionnelle de Lucia Miguel Pereira, critique littéraire brésilienne renommée et auteur d’ouvrages célèbres tels que: Prosa de ficção [Prose de fiction] ainsi que les biographies de Machado de Assis et de Gonçalves Dias. Ce nonobstant, sa création n’a pas obtenu le même intérêt critique que sa production historiographique, essayistique et biographique. L’étude procède à une analyse de l’oeuvre fictionnelle de l’auteur en mettant l’accent sur les romans Maria Luísa (1933), Em surdina [En sourdine] (1933), Amanhecer [Aube] (1938) et Cabra-cega [Cache-cache] (1954). L’objectif est de dévoiler leurs caractéristiques et de situer l’auteur dans l’ensemble de la production fictionnelle brésilienne de l’époque (en particulier des années 1930). Le travail évoque sa trajectoire intellectuelle et distingue ses principales prises de position critiques, de nature esthétique et politique, depuis la lecture de sa production intellectuelle; partant de là, les oeuvres fictionnelles sont analysées sur la base des conceptions de la romancière et des fondements théoriques du récit, dont le roman d’introspection et le roman de formation (Bildungsroman). La recherche promeut une vision d’ensemble de sa production, aussi bien critique que fictionnelle, en reprenant certaines de ses prises de positions. D’autre part, elle vise à caractériser sa production narrative en termes de proximité avec les présupposés du roman psychologique et du roman de formation, afin de jeter un nouveau regard sur la fiction produite par la romancière. / O trabalho tem como enfoque a produção ficcional de Lucia Miguel Pereira, figura de destaque entre os críticos literários brasileiros, principalmente pela autoria de textos célebres como a obra Prosa de ficção e as biografias de Machado de Assis e de Gonçalves Dias, mas que não obteve para sua criação o mesmo empenho crítico de sua produção historiográfica, ensaística e biográfica. O estudo analisa a obra ficcional de Lucia, principalmente os romances, Maria Luísa (1933), Em surdina (1933), Amanhecer (1938) e Cabra-cega (1954), procurando destacar suas características e situar a autora no conjunto da produção ficcional brasileira do período (principalmente da década de 30). O trabalho faz uma recuperação da trajetória intelectual de Lucia e destaca os seus principais posicionamentos críticos, de natureza estética e política, a partir da leitura de sua produção intelectual; com esse levantamento, são analisadas as obras ficcionais, tomando por base as concepções da autora e os fundamentos teóricos da narrativa, especialmente do romance de introspecção e do Bildungsroman. A pesquisa promove uma visão sobre o conjunto de sua produção, tanto crítica quanto ficcional, recuperando alguns de seus posicionamentos e caracterizando, especialmente, a produção narrativa da autora, no que tange à sua proximidade com os pressupostos do romance psicológico e do romance de formação, lançando um novo olhar para a ficção produzida por Lucia Miguel Pereira.

Ce travail se penche sur la production fictionnelle de Lucia Miguel Pereira, critique littéraire brésilienne renommée et auteur d’ouvrages célèbres tels que: Prosa de ficção [Prose de fiction] ainsi que les biographies de Machado de Assis et de Gonçalves Dias. Ce nonobstant, sa création n’a pas obtenu le même intérêt critique que sa production historiographique, essayistique et biographique. L’étude procède à une analyse de l’oeuvre fictionnelle de l’auteur en mettant l’accent sur les romans Maria Luísa (1933), Em surdina [En sourdine] (1933), Amanhecer [Aube] (1938) et Cabra-cega [Cache-cache] (1954). L’objectif est de dévoiler leurs caractéristiques et de situer l’auteur dans l’ensemble de la production fictionnelle brésilienne de l’époque (en particulier des années 1930). Le travail évoque sa trajectoire intellectuelle et distingue ses principales prises de position critiques, de nature esthétique et politique, depuis la lecture de sa production intellectuelle; partant de là, les oeuvres fictionnelles sont analysées sur la base des conceptions de la romancière et des fondements théoriques du récit, dont le roman d’introspection et le roman de formation (Bildungsroman). La recherche promeut une vision d’ensemble de sa production, aussi bien critique que fictionnelle, en reprenant certaines de ses prises de positions. D’autre part, elle vise à caractériser sa production narrative en termes de proximité avec les présupposés du roman psychologique et du roman de formation, afin de jeter un nouveau regard sur la fiction produite par la romancière. / O trabalho tem como enfoque a produção ficcional de Lucia Miguel Pereira, figura de destaque entre os críticos literários brasileiros, principalmente pela autoria de textos célebres como a obra Prosa de ficção e as biografias de Machado de Assis e de Gonçalves Dias, mas que não obteve para sua criação o mesmo empenho crítico de sua produção historiográfica, ensaística e biográfica. O estudo analisa a obra ficcional de Lucia, principalmente os romances, Maria Luísa (1933), Em surdina (1933), Amanhecer (1938) e Cabra-cega (1954), procurando destacar suas características e situar a autora no conjunto da produção ficcional brasileira do período (principalmente da década de 30). O trabalho faz uma recuperação da trajetória intelectual de Lucia e destaca os seus principais posicionamentos críticos, de natureza estética e política, a partir da leitura de sua produção intelectual; com esse levantamento, são analisadas as obras ficcionais, tomando por base as concepções da autora e os fundamentos teóricos da narrativa, especialmente do romance de introspecção e do Bildungsroman. A pesquisa promove uma visão sobre o conjunto de sua produção, tanto crítica quanto ficcional, recuperando alguns de seus posicionamentos e caracterizando, especialmente, a produção narrativa da autora, no que tange à sua proximidade com os pressupostos do romance psicológico e do romance de formação, lançando um novo olhar para a ficção produzida por Lucia Miguel Pereira.

This essay presents a literary analysis of the autobiography Educated (2018) by Tara Westover. The analysis examines to what extent Westover’s story conforms and subverts the genre conventions of the Bildungsroman and the autobiography. An overview of the genre constitutions is therefore provided. In addition, the essay focuses on the use of the autobiography in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom. Besides creating an arena for critical discussion and reflection in the Swedish upper secondary school, the autobiography may also encourage students to share their own stories. The findings show that Educated both conforms to and subverts the Bildungsroman genre. It is concluded that Westover’s autobiography challenges traditional genre conventions and may serve as a valuable tool in the EFL classroom.

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