No description available.

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of biophysics and physical chemistry Candidate: Zuzana Pokorná Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Petr Klemera, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Resveratrol - effect on the biological age Objective: Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol contained in number of plants. It is a potent antioxidant, which is known to have a number of beneficial health effects and be part of many biological processes. The compound is produced by plants to increase their survival and resistance to disease. We found the effect of Resveratrol on parameters of biological age-on the threshold of perception of the intensity of the volume (hearing) and reaction rate. Methods : A group of people used the resveratrol in a dose of 170 mg per day for 40 days. We measured by the PC program the selected parameter of hearing and reaction rate. Results : It has been shown that statistically significant improvement of hearing has occurred. The exact mechanism of the effect is not known. Probably operates through a group of enzymes, sirtuins. Reaction rate was not affected by substance. Conclusions : We have reviewed the potential effect of Resveratrol on human biological age. The improvement of hearing has been shown at the 0,01 significance level. The biggest improvement was...

Title: The issues of diagnosing young pupils in football Objective: The aim of the thesis is to find out the improvement or disimprovement of fitness and technical skills during the preparative period in football and the comparison of these results with common population and with other sportsmen at the age from 11 to 12. Method: The tested group were 19 players at the age from 11 to 12 (year of birth 2002) who play the pupil's league. This group came through a 3 - month training course in the preparative period. The players submitted the entry tests, the training course and afterwards they were tested with final tests that were equal to the entry tests. Results: The results part contains a concrete evaluation and comparison with the results by other authors concerning with similar issues. The final results are drawn up in charts, graphically depicted and evaluated. Conclusion: The diagnosing of fitness abilities and technical skills is an important part of the training process because it offers the coach a feedback from the players. The coach can focus on the professionall growth of individual players and can get to know which areas in the training process should be improved. Key words: Football, young pupils, biological age, fitness abilities, coordination skills, technical skills, fitness...

and key words Problem definition: Assessment of the biological age is possible to obtain by several methods, both simple and more sophisticated. Results will surely not always comport. Currently radiography of distal epiphysis antebrachia and ossa manus (ossa carpi , ossa metacarpi, phalanges) is considered to be the most exact method, however for the reason of unavailability of X-ray pictures, we require for assessment of the bone age, this method is used exceptionally mainly for its invasiveness. Theoretical estimation of the bone age might be a kind of alternative method when assessed from derived coefficients of regression equations, made on a base of conventional radiographic method. In the contrast of that, age rating by biological proportionality is considered a substitution of the bone age criteria. So, the problem is the mutual diversity and difference of the two methods which are relatively most exact. The Aim: In the thesis, we deal with comparison of the biological proportional age and theoretical bone age within swimming youth, in age range 11-15 years altogether. The main goal is to learn the difference of the biological maturity by using two methods determining the biological age coming out from anthropological measurement of individuals. Methods of resolution: Assessment of the...

Yes / Context: Adult age-at-death is presented in a number of different ways by anthropologists. Ordinal categories predominate in osteoarchaeology, but do not reflect individual variation in ageing, with too many adults being classified as ‘middle adults’. In addition, mean ages (derived from reference samples) are overly-relied upon when developing and testing methods. In both cases, ‘age mimicry’ is not adequately accounted for. Objectives: To highlight the many inherent biases created when developing, testing and applying age-estimation methods without fully considering the impact of ‘age mimicry’ and individual variation. Methods: The paper draws on previously published research (Web of Science, Pub Med, Google Scholar) on age estimation methods and their use in anthropology. Results and Conclusions: There is a lack of consistency in the methods used to estimate age, and for the mode of combining them. Ordinal categories are frequently used in osteoarchaeology, whereas forensic anthropologists are more likely to produce case-specific age ranges. Mean ages reflect the age structure of reference samples, and should not be used to estimate age for individuals from populations with a different age-at-death structure. Individual-specific age ranges and/or probability densities should be used to report individual age. Further research should be undertaken on how to create unbiased, combined method age estimates.

No

Title: Influence of small side games and runs on sprint performance and agility in football players. Purpose: The aim of the thesis is to find out the influence of selected movement interventions (small side games versus runs) on sprint performance and agility in elite football players in U14 category during the preseason period. Methods: The 30-meter Sprint was used to rate speed-strength performance. Players have executed 2 sprints at 30m. Sprint time was measured at 5, 10 and 30m. Agility tests included: test 505 and three-step test. Players also have executed 2 tries (one of each leg). A set of photocells (Alge Timing GmbH, Lustenau, Austria) was used to measure the time of all tests. Results: Both groups significantly improved in the three-step test (p <0.05; r> 0.5). The SSG group, after a two-month intervention, significantly deteriorated in the sprint to 5, 10 and 30m (r = 0.38 - 0.69). The race group did not significantly improve in sprints at 5, 10 and 30m. In the agility test, we saw a significant improvement only in the Run groups and only on the left leg (r = 0.42). Based on the findings, we believe that the training units of the linear speed and speed with the change of direction maintain the level of player's speed during the season. Therefore, I recommend that they should appear in...

It is now a matter of routine for the forensic scientist to obtain the genetic profile of an individual from DNA recovered from a biological stain deposited at a crime scene. Potential contributors of the stain must either be known to investigators (i.e. a developed suspect) or the questioned profile must be searched against a database of DNA profiles such as those maintained in the CODIS National DNA database. However, in those instances where there is no developed suspect and no match is obtained after interrogation of appropriate DNA databases, the DNA profile per se presently provides no meaningful information to investigators, with the notable exception of gender determination. In these situations it would be advantageous to the investigation, if additional probative information could be obtained from the biological stain. A useful biometric that could provide important probative information, and one that may be amenable to molecular genetic analysis, is the biological age of an individual. The ability to provide investigators with information as to whether a DNA donor is a newborn, infant, toddler, child, adolescent, adult, middle-aged or elderly individual could be useful in certain cases, particularly those involving young children such as kidnappings or in providing additional intelligence during terrorist investigations. Currently no validated molecular assays exist for age determination. Biological human ageing can be defined by two distinct processes, degenerative and developmental ageing. The degenerative process of ageing is based on theories which identify an increase or decrease in physiological conditions with increasing age. In contrast, the developmental process of ageing is based on the theory that as individuals increase in chronological age, there will be subtle corresponding molecular based biological changes, each requiring genes to be expressed or silenced, indicative of that particular stage of life. We investigated the degenerative process of chromosomal telomere shortening, as well as the developmental process of gene expression profiling analysis, in an attempt to identify biomarkers of biological age in a self-renewing tissue such as blood. While telomere length analysis was an ineffective method for age determination; gene expression analysis revealed three gene transcripts expressed in an age-dependent physiological manner. These species namely- COL1A2, HBE1 and IGFBP3, were found to be expressed at elevated levels in younger individuals, newborns, or post-pubertal individuals, respectively. The biological process of hemoglobin switching was also investigated for the possibility of determining human age. While experimenting with the potential of using the gamma-hemoglobin chains, as newborn specific gene candidates, we serendipitously discovered four novel truncated transcripts, which we have termed HBG1n1, HBG1n2, HBG2n2 and HBG2n3; whose expression was restricted to whole-blood newborn samples and specific fetal tissues. The molecular origin of these transcripts appears to be at the RNA level, being produced by specific rearrangement events occurring in the standard gamma hemoglobin transcripts (HBG1 and HBG2), which yield these new isoforms that are expressed in a highly regulated tissue specific manner.

Subject: Active senior lifestyle Author's name: Bc. Iveta Dušková Supervizor: profesor Ing. Václav Bunc CSc. Objective: To verify whether biological age of tested seniors is in line with their calendar age. The differnce towards calendar age will be evaluated via ECM/BCM ration based on body content analysis. I will investigate the influence of physical activity on slower ageing physiology and the effect of physical activity on status of net muscle mass and on frequency of civilazation diseases. The goal is to figure out if active lifestyle is available also for seniors. Methods: The core of the work is qualitative and quantitative survey mapping antropometric parameters by bioimpedancy method. The functional values were collected by motorical step est and by handgrip. Further the subjective quality life judgment interview with yes/no options was used for the target senior group. Results: The relationship was found for the bioimpedancy results and the the volume of physical weekly activity (in hours) and level of BMI and pecentage of body fat. Further the realtionship was found for physical activity volume and for the dynamometric and motorical test results. Thjere is a difference between men and women. There was no relationship found for ECM/BCM coefficient and physical activity volume. The type...

Abstract Aim The main purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of a very heavy resisted sprint training regimen and a unresisted sprint training regimen on sprint, acceleration and jump performance in late pubertal adolescent football (soccer) players at mid- to post-PHV and &gt;95% PAH. Method In total 27 male football players were recruited as volunteer participants. The participants had no previous experience with resisted sprint training. The participants were randomly assigned to either the resisted sprint (RST) (n=9) or unresisted sprint (UST) (n=10) training group. However, the grouping was matched based on the force-velocity (F-v) profiling. A control group (i.e. TAU group n=8) was matched with the experimental groups based on age and anthropometrics. The training was done twice a week for four weeks, consisting of either resisted or unresisted sprints. 24 of the original 27 participants could later be included for statistical analysis. During intervention the TAU group performed the regular team training with no additional stimuli from the researchers. Anthropometrics, sprint, acceleration and jump performance testing was tested pre- and post-training intervention. Results The four-week training intervention resulted in significant improvements of sprint- and acceleration for the RST-group. The improvements were 3,8% (±0.05) in T30, 4,2% (±0.06) in T20, 5,7% (±0.06) in T10, and 7,9% (±0.06) in the T5. The RST and UST groups also had significant improvements in both vertical and horizontal jump performance. Further there were several significant between group changes in both sprint and jump performance favoring the RST group over both the UST and TAU groups. Conclusion The conclusions are that in this population a very heavy RST regimen elicits improvements in sprint and acceleration performance whilst a UST regimen does not. Further, both the RST- and UST- training regimens elicit improvements in both vertical and horizontal jump performance. The improvements of the present study follow the pattern of previous studies in the field indicating a greater horizontal force generating ability. However, the improvements in the present study are larger than previously seen, indicating that this type of training might be extra beneficial to enhance sprint and jump performance in late pubertal adolescent athletes. The findings of the present study also contradict the typical recommendations of using light resistance loads (i.e. the 10% rule) when it comes to RST. Heavier loads, as in this case 103,5% of body weight on average, can indeed be used to produce sprint and acceleration gains in a late pubertal adolescent athlete population. The improvement in these short sprints (5-30m) versus the eventual performance decrease in longer sprints 40-70m (e.g. due to less effective maximal velocity phase) is a trade off which logically should be worthwhile for team sport athletes. / Abstrakt Syfte Det huvudsakliga syftet med denna studie var att undersöka och jämföra effekterna av väldigt tungt belastad sprintträning och obelastad sprintträning på sprint-, acceleration och hopprestation hos unga fotbollsspelare i sena tonåren som ligger på en mognadsgrad av ”mid- post-PHV” samt &gt;95% PAH. Metod Totalt 27 fotbollsspelare rekryterades som frivilliga deltagare. Deltagarna hade ingen tidigare erfarenhet av belastad sprintträning. Deltagarna blev slumpmässigt indelade till antingen den belastade (RST) eller den obelastade (UST) träningsgruppen. Dock skedde grupperingen med deltagarnas kraft- hastighetsprofilering som bas, då grupperna blev matchade efter denna. Kontrollgruppen (TAU n=8) matchades med experimentgrupperna efter ålder och antropometri. Träningen bestod av väldigt tungt belastad eller obelastad sprintträning och utfördes två gånger i veckan under fyra veckor. 24 av de initialt 27 deltagarna kunde inkluderas för vidare analys. Under interventionen genomförde TAU den vanliga lagträningen utan ytterligare träningsstimuli från forskarna. Antropometri, sprint, acceleration och hopprestation testades före respektive efter interventionen. Resultat Den fyra veckor långa träningsinterventionen resulterade i signifikanta förbättringar i sprint och acceleration för RST-gruppen. Förbättringarna var 3,8% (±0.05) i T30, 4,2% (±0.06) i T20, 5,7% (±0.06) i T10, och 7,9% (±0.06) i T5. RST och UST grupperna hade också signifikanta förbättringar i både vertikal och horisontell hopprestation. Vidare fanns det flera signifikanta mellangruppsskillnader i både sprint- och hopprestation till fördel för RST gruppen över både UST och TAU grupperna. Konklusion Konklusionen är att ett väldigt tungt RST-träningsprogram framkallar signifikanta förbättringar i både sprint, acceleration och hopprestation medan ett UST-träningsprogram inte gör det. Vidare kan konkluderas att både ett RST- och ett UST-träningsprogram signifikant förbättrar både vertikal och horisontell hopprestationen. Förbättringarna följer mönstret från tidigare studier på området och indikerar en större horisontell kraftproduktion. Dock är förbättringarna större än vad som tidigare observerats vilket indikerar att denna typ av träning kan vara extra förtjänstfull för denna population. Resultaten motsäger även den typiska rekommendationen kring lätta vikter (dvs. 10% regeln) vid belastad sprintträning. Tyngre belastning, som i detta fall i genomsnitt 103,5% av kroppsvikten, kan användas för att producera sprint- och accelerationsförbättringar i denna population. Förbättringen av denna typ av korta sprinter (5-30m) gentemot den eventuella prestationsförsämringen i längre sprinter (40-70m) torde vara ett byte som är värt att göra för lagidrottare.