Global ETD Search

1	Obtenção de genótipos de batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas (l.) Lam.) por cruzamentos biparentais visando a produção de etanol Santana, Wesley Rosa de 14 September 2013 (has links) A batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) tem sido objeto de estudo para produção de etanol desde 1997 por pesquisadores da Universidade Federal do Tocantins. Durante doze anos o melhoramento da cultura da batata-doce foi conduzido via policruzamentos, nos quais as polinizações são feitas ao acaso por insetos, conhecendose assim apenas o genitor feminino, resultando em lançamento de algumas cultivares. Nos últimos anos, os ganhos em produtividade de carboidratos e rendimento de etanol não têm sido muitos expressivos. A partir de cruzamentos biparental, onde o cruzamento é realizado entre pais conhecidos e com características desejáveis, objetivou-se obter, avaliar e selecionar os melhores genótipos com base na produtividade de raízes e rendimento de etanol. Nos cruzamentos foram utilizados cultivares e genótipos selecionados procedentes do programa de melhoramento genético de batata-doce da Universidade Federal do Tocantins. Os cruzamentos foram realizados no Centro Tecnológico Agroindustrial e Ambiental – CTAA e as avaliações agronômicas foram feitas nos Campus Universitário de Palmas e Gurupi. Em campo foram avaliados 100 genótipos nos dois locais com três repetições e as características avaliadas foram: produtividade média de raízes (Mg ha-1), danos causados por insetos de solo, teor de matéria seca das raízes e rendimento de etanol (m3 ha-1). O cruzamento biparental foi uma estratégia eficiente para a exploração da variabilidade genética da batata-doce, obtendo-se 73 novos genótipos. Os genótipos BDI(199)73, BDI(2011)52 e a cultivar Duda-89 com produtividades de 59,92 Mg ha-1, 53,20 Mg ha-1 e 52,04 Mg ha-1, teor de matéria seca de 30,72%, 34,35%, 36,71% e rendimentos em etanol de 10,37 m3 ha-1, 10,85 m3 ha-1, 11,24 m3 ha-1, respectivamente são promissores para produção de etanol em Palmas. Em Gurupi, destacaram-se para essas características os genótipos, BDI(2011)09, BDI(2011)72 e BDI(2011)83 com produtividades médias de 48,19 Mg ha-1, 43,49 Mg ha-1, 43,21 Mg ha-1, teor de matéria seca de 32,93%, 31,87%, 31,49% e rendimentos em etanol de 9,35 m3 ha-1, 8,16 m3 ha-1 e 9,01 m3 ha-1, respectivamente. Para os dois ambientes avaliados, os genótipos BDI199-73, BDI(2011)52, BDI(2011)83 e a cultivar Duda-89, possuem alto potencial de produção de raízes, pouca incidência de insetos de solo, sendo promissores para serem utilizados para a indústria do etanol. / Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) has been studied as feedstock for the production of ethanol since 1997 by UFT. For twelve years, Sweet Potato culture improving was conducted via polycrosses, in which pollinations are made at random with insects, knowing, this way, only female genitor, resulting release of some cultivars. In last couple years, gains in ethanol productivity and yielding have not been very significant. Through biparental crosses, where crosses are performed between known parents with desirable traits, was aimed to obtain, evaluate and select the best genotypes based on roots and ethanol yield. Genotypes issued from UFT Sweet Potato breeding programme were used in the crosses. The experiments were carried out at the Environmental Technology Centre and Agroindustrial - CTAA/University Campus of Palmas and Gurupi/ Tocantins Federal University. In field, 100 genotypes were evaluated at two locations with three replications. The traits evaluated were: average root yield (Mg ha-1), soil insect damage, dry matter content of the roots of ethanol yield (m3 ha-1). Biparental crosses are an effective strategy for the exploration of Sweet Potato genetic variability, yielding 73 new genotypes. Genotypes BDI(199)73, BDI(2011)52 and cultivar Duda-89 with yields of 59,92 Mg ha-1, 53,20 Mg ha-1 and 52,04 Mg ha-1, dry matter content of 30,72%, 34,35%, 36,71% and ethanol yields of 10,37 m3 ha-1, 10,85 m3 ha-1, 11,24 m3 ha-1, respectively, are promising for ethanol production in Palmas. In Gurupi, those traits stood out: genotypes BDI(2011)09, BDI(2011)72 and BDI(2011)83, with average productivities of 48,19 Mg ha-1, 43,49 Mg ha-1, 43,21 Mg ha-1, dry matter content of 32,93%, 31,87%, 31,49% and ethanol yields with 9,35 m3 ha-1, 8,16 m3 ha-1 e 9,01 m3 ha-1, respectively. The trials uncovered efficient genotypes such as BDI199-73, BDI(2011)52, BDI(2011)83 and the cultivar Duda- 89, with potential to be used in ethanol industry because of their excellent yield, dry matter and soil insect resistance in both locations, promising to be efficient in ethanol industry. CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS Ipomoea batatas Biparental Etanol Ethanol
2	Avaliação de famílias de irmãos germanos de cana-de-açúcar da série RBO7 na fase inicial de seleção do melhoramento ANDRADE, Júlio da Silva Corrêa de Oliveira 23 March 2010 (has links) Submitted by (ana.araujo@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-17T16:29:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Julio da Silva Correa de Oliveira Andrade.pdf: 390646 bytes, checksum: 185516455af0269cd15740051fc9c404 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-17T16:29:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Julio da Silva Correa de Oliveira Andrade.pdf: 390646 bytes, checksum: 185516455af0269cd15740051fc9c404 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of productiviti in sugarcane, richness in sugar and early maturation of families of series RB07 in stage T2 in sugarcane selection. With increasing international demand, present and future, the consumption of alcohol appears to Brazil an excellent opportunity to expand its presence in the international market. In plant breeding two sources of variation has been recognized, the variation between and within families. In the case of vegetatively propagated species such as cane sugar, the theory and experimental results have shown that these two sources of variation are of similar magnitude. This work was conducted in the crop year of 2008/2009 with sugarcane in the agricultural area of San Jose. The Plant experimental design adopted was a randomized block design with four replicates, and using ten treatments (families). Were evaluated in sugarcane, at the three-month-old plant for agricultural production the characters LNP, MHP and PNC; already in the twelfth month of age were also evaluated, besides these characters have been added MDC and MNCP; at the twelfth month the following characters NLP, MDC, CB, MWC, MNCP, CTH, CTeH and BTH. The presence of genetic variability among families from the cross of brother-german in sugarcane, found in this population allows you to select the best families based in production characteristics to make possible a strategy to be adopted in the early stages of selection in fase T2. In the study population there is the possibility for families selection from cross of brother-german for early maturing based on the Brix% cane (CB). The families selection in early fase of improvement of sugarcane is a strategy for identifying individuals with high genotypic values, with possibility of selecting clones potentially productive in CTH and BTH. / Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desempenho da produtividade na cana-deaçúcar, riqueza em açúcar e maturação precoce de famílias da série RB07 na fase T2 de seleção em cana-de-açúcar. Com o aumento da demanda internacional atual e futura, pelo consumo do álcool, surge para o Brasil uma excelente oportunidade de ampliar sua presença no mercado internacional. No melhoramento genético de plantas duas fontes de variação tem sido reconhecidas, a variação entre e dentro de famílias. No caso das espécies de propagação vegetativa, como a cana-de-açúcar, a teoria e os resultados experimentais têm mostrado que estas duas fontes de variação são de magnitude semelhantes. Este trabalho foi conduzido na safra agrícola de 2008/2009 com cana-planta na área agrícola da Usina São José. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, e utilizando dez tratamentos (famílias). Foram avaliados em cana-planta, aos três meses de idade da planta, para a produção agrícola os caracteres NFP, AMP e NPT; no sexto mês, além destes caracteres foram acrescentados DMC e NMCP; já no décimo segundo mês de idade foram também avaliados os seguintes caracteres BC, PMP, NMCP, TCH, TCHe e TBH. A presença de variabilidade genética entre as famílias oriundas do cruzamento de irmãos germanos em cana-deaçúcar, constatada na população analisada possibilita selecionar as melhores famílias com base em características de produção, possibilitando uma estratégia a ser adotada em estágios iniciais em seleção na fase T2. Na população em estudo existe a possibilidade para seleção de famílias oriundas do cruzamento de irmãos germanos para maturação precoce com base no brix % cana (BC). A seleção de famílias na fase inicial do melhoramento de cana-de-açúcar é uma estratégia para identificar indivíduos com elevados valores genotípicos, com possibilidade de seleção de clones potencialmente produtivos em TCH e TBH. Saccharum spp Cana-de-açúcar Parâmetro genético Fase juvenil Cruzamento biparental Genetic parameter Biparental cross Juvenile phase FITOTECNIA::MELHORAMENTO VEGETAL
3	Asociación entre familias biparentales y el estado nutricional en jóvenes peruanos. Un análisis secundario de la cohorte Niños del Milenio / Association between two-parent families and nutritional status in Peruvian youth. A secondary analysis of the Young Lives cohort Huby Raffo, Isabella Maria 21 June 2021 (has links) Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre el estado nutricional de jóvenes peruanos que pertenezcan a una familia biparental y su estado nutricional luego de siete años de análisis. Métodos: Análisis de datos secundarios de la base de datos Niños del Milenio. Se incluyeron participantes peruanos que tenían ocho años en el año 2002 y fueron seguidos hasta el 2009. Los datos se trabajaron como una cohorte prospectiva. La variable de resultado es el índice de masa corporal (IMC) kg/m2 de los jóvenes y la variable de exposición fue pertenecer a una familia biparental Resultados: La muestra final fue de 625 jóvenes, de los cuales el 53,0% eran varones. La mediana de edad al inicio del estudio fue de 8 años (DE 0,05). Aquellos que pertenecían a familias biparentales representaron al 79,5%. El promedio de IMC de los varones fue 20,5 kg/m2,lo cual fue significativamente menor al de las mujeres (21,7 kg/m2) (p< 0,001). En las familias no biparentales el promedio de IMC fue 21,2 kg/m2 en comparación al 21,0 kg/m2 de las familias biparentales, la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa (p=0,447). Conclusión: No se encontró asociación entre el estado nutricional de jóvenes peruanos que pertenecen a una familia biparental a los 8 años y su estado nutricional siete años después. / Objective: Evaluate the association between the nutritional status of peruvian youth that belong to a twoparent family and their nutritional status after seven years of analysis. Methods: Analysis of secondary data from the Young Lives database. It included peruvian participants that were eight years old in 2002 and were followed up until 2009. This is a prospective longitudinal study. The outcome variable is the Body Mass Index (BMI) in young people and the exposure variable was having two-parent and non-two parent families. Results: A total of 625 adolescents were analyzed. From that total, 53,0% were male. The median of age was 8 years old (SD 0,05). The ones that belonged to a two parent families were 79,5%. The BMI average in men was 20.5 kg/m2 and was significantly lower average than women (21.7 kg/m2) (p<0.001). In non-two parent families the average BMI was 21,2 kg/m2 against 21,0 kg/m2 for two-parent families, the difference was not significant (p=0,447) Conclusion: No association was found between the nutritional status of young Peruvians belonging to a biparental family at 8 years of age and their nutritional status seven years later. / Tesis Familia biparental Estado nutricional Índice de masa corporal Biparental family Nutritional condition Body mass index
4	Evolution and ecology of Drosophila sigma viruses Longdon, Ben John January 2011 (has links) Insects are host to a diverse range of vertically transmitted micro-organisms, but while their bacterial symbionts are well-studied, little is known about their vertically transmitted viruses. The sigma virus (DMelSV) is currently the only natural hostspecific pathogen to be described in Drosophila melanogaster. In this thesis I have examined; the diversity and evolution of sigma viruses in Drosophila, their transmission and population dynamics, and their ability to host shift. I have described six new rhabdoviruses in five Drosophila species — D. affinis, D. obscura, D. tristis, D. immigrans and D. ananassae — and one in a member of the Muscidae, Muscina stabulans (Chapters two and four). These viruses have been tentatively named as DAffSV, DObsSV, DTriSV, DImmSV, DAnaSV and MStaSV respectively. I sequenced the complete genomes of DObsSV and DMelSV, the L gene from DAffSV and partial L gene sequences from the other viruses. Using this new sequence data I created a phylogeny of the rhabdoviruses (Chapter two). The sigma viruses form a distinct clade which is closely related to the Dimarhabdovirus supergroup, and the high levels of divergence between these viruses suggest that they may deserve to be recognised as a new genus. Furthermore, this analysis produced the most robustly supported phylogeny of the Rhabdoviridae to date, allowing me to reconstruct the major transitions that have occurred during the evolution of the family. This data suggests that the bias towards research into plants and vertebrates means that much of the diversity of rhabdoviruses has been missed, and rhabdoviruses may be common pathogens of insects. In Chapter three I examined whether the new sigma viruses in Drosophila affinis and Drosophila obscura are both vertically transmitted. As is the case for DMelSV, both males and females can transmit these viruses to their offspring. Males transmit lower viral titres through sperm than females transmit through eggs, and a lower proportion of their offspring become infected. I then examined natural populations of D. obscura in the UK; 39% of flies were infected and the viral population shows clear evidence of a recent expansion, with extremely low genetic diversity and a large excess of rare polymorphisms. Using sequence data I estimate that the virus has swept across the UK within the last ~11 years, during which time the viral population size doubled approximately every 9 months. Using simulations based on lab estimates of transmission rates, I show that the biparental mode of transmission allows the virus to invade and rapidly spread through populations, at rates consistent with those measured in the field. Therefore, as predicted by the simulations, the virus has undergone an extremely rapid and recent increase in population size. In Chapter four I investigated for the first time whether vertically transmitted viruses undergo host shifts or cospeciate with their hosts. Using a phylogenetic approach I show that sigma viruses have switched between hosts during their evolutionary history. These results suggest that sigma virus infections may be short-lived in a given host lineage, so that their long-term persistence relies on rare horizontal transmission events between hosts. In Chapter five I examined the ability of three Drosophila sigma viruses to persist and replicate in 51 hosts sampled across the Drosophilidae phylogeny. I used a phylogenetic mixed model to account for the non-independence of host taxa due to common ancestry, which additionally allows integration over the uncertainty in the host phylogeny. In two out of the three viruses there was a negative correlation between viral titre and genetic distance from the natural host. Additionally the host phylogeny explains an extremely high proportion of the variation (after considering genetic distance from the natural host) in the ability of these viruses to replicate in novel hosts (>0.8 for all viruses). There were strong phylogenetic correlations between all the viruses (>0.65 for all pairs), suggesting a given species’ level of resistance to one virus is strongly correlated with its resistance to other viruses. This suggests the host phylogeny, and genetic distance from the natural host, may be important in determining viruses ability to host switch. This work has aimed to address fundamental questions relating to host-parasite coevolution and pathogen emergence. The data presented suggests that sigma viruses are likely to be widespread vertically transmitted insect viruses, which have dynamic interactions with their hosts. These viruses appear to have switched between hosts during their evolutionary history and it is likely the host phylogeny is a determinant of such host shifts. 579.2
5	Assembly a anotace genomu včely Ceratina nigrolabiata s obourodičovskou péčí / Genome Assembly and Annotation of Biparental Bee Ceratina nigrolabiata Fraňková, Tereza January 2020 (has links) Biparental care in Hymenoptera is a little studied behaviour. This kind of parental care was discovered and the ethological aspect described in the bee Ceratina nigrolabiata from the Czech Republic and is well understood on the ethological level. However, biparental care is not a common behaviour and the lack of genomic studies of this behaviour complicates the understanding of the origin of the biparental care and its underlying pathways on the genomic and physiological level. This master's thesis presents the genome analyses of a biparental bee Ceratina nigrolabiata. It consists of a brief summary of the known parental behaviour across insects, characteristics of the genus Ceratina, summary of the used genomic methods and presents a candidate genes for the transcriptomic study of the biparental behaviour of Ceratina nigrolabiata. Key words: biparental care, genomics, Hymenoptera, Insecta, Ceratina, small carpenter bees
6	Does environmental variability explain male parental care in a burying beetle? Noah S Feldman (9183593) 04 August 2020 (has links) Many animal species invest in extended parental care for their offspring. Parental care is costly, and natural selection favors investment strategies which maximize reproductive success. Biparental care is relatively rare, but when it does occur it has been found to increase success in terms of offspring survival and growth and in terms of future reproductive opportunities. In burying beetles (<i>Nicrophorus</i> spp.), both male and female participate in extended parental care. However, the fitness benefits of biparental care in burying beetles have been difficult to establish, with some studies reporting significantly smaller broods produced when both male and female are present. Variation in environmental conditions, such as temperature, is an important part of the context in which biparental care evolves. I hypothesize that biparental care acts as a buffer against environmental variation. This hypothesis predicts that biparental care will lead to greater reproductive success compared to uniparental care when temperature is increased during a reproductive attempt. I also tested the load-lightening hypothesis, which holds that biparental care benefits future reproduction by lowering the costs of reproduction. This predicts that the additional care by the other parent will allow females to rear higher quality second broods. I conducted a male removal experiment at two temperature treatments, using the species <i>Nicrophorus orbicollis</i>. I measured reproductive success during manipulated first brood and during second broods which females reared without a male, regardless of prior experience. I found that, contrary to my hypothesis, biparental care at the higher temperature resulted in reduced reproductive success compared to uniparental care. I found no effect of biparental care on the success of second broods. Instead, I found evidence of reproductive restraint associated with the higher temperature treatment in delayed egg-laying and increased feeding during second broods. burying beetles Biparental care environmental variability load-lightening hypothesis
7	Effects of habitat degradation on the evolutionary dynamics of populations in a rainforest cycad (Gymnospermae) Lopez-Gallego, Cristina 18 May 2007 (has links) In addition to habitat loss and fragmentation, habitat degradation can have important consequences for biodiversity and population persistence, including effects on ecological and genetic processes beyond decreased demographic viability and the loss of genetic variation. Particularly interesting is the potential for evolutionary changes and adaptation to degraded habitats, that can affect population viability even in the short-term. Here, I explore how environmental changes after habitat degradation affect the evolutionary dynamics of populations of the rainforest cycad Zamia fairchildiana, specifically how habitat degradation affects gene dispersal, inbreeding, directional selection, and genotype-by-environment interactions, and the potential for genetic differentiation between populations. Colonies of Z. fairchildiana showed little genetic differentiation in neutral molecular markers across study sites, thus can be considered as subpopulations. Subpopulations in the disturbed habitat are experiencing different environmental conditions when compared to subpopulation in their native habitat. Disturbed-habitat subpopulations showed a faster life-history. This faster life history is associated with a weaker spatial genetic structure and higher levels of inbreeding in the disturbed-habitat subpopulations. In addition, higher light availability in the disturbed habitat seems to be a major agent of selection on traits like leaf production that have the potential to respond to selection in these subpopulations. Different traits were under selection in the native-habitat subpopulations, suggesting the potential for genetic differentiation between native and disturbed-habitat subpopulations. Genotype by environment interactions in seed germination and seedling survival, in response to light and water availability, further suggested that subpopulations can adaptively diverge between habitats, but the relative role of genetic and environmental factors, particularly maternal effects, on the magnitude and rate of genetic differentiation between subpopulations remains to be evaluated. These results suggest that habitat degradation can have important consequences for the evolutionary dynamics of populations of this cycad, not necessarily typical of habitat loss and fragmentation. This study identified factors and processes important for population persistence in degraded habitats, but population responses to habitat degradation are complex. Thus further studies and long-term experiments are required for better understanding the effects of habitat degradation on population viability. Biparental inbreeding Cycads Fine-scale spatial genetic structure Genotype-by-environment interactions Habitat degradation Life-history strategy Marker-based heritability Maternal effects Response to selection Zamia
8	Rôle de la communication acoustique dans l’organisation des soins biparentaux chez les oiseaux : étude chez le diamant mandarin (Taeniopygia guttata) et la mésange charbonnière (Parus major) / The role of acoustic communication in organizing biparental care in birds : a study in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) and the great tit (Parus major) Boucaud, Ingrid 15 January 2016 (has links) Les soins biparentaux impliquent que mâles et femelles travaillent ensemble et ajustent leur comportement l’un à l’autre. De nombreuses études théoriques et empiriques se sont intéressées à la façon dont un parent réagit face à une augmentation ou une diminution de l’effort parental de son partenaire. Mais très peu se sont intéressées aux mécanismes qui permettent cet ajustement. C’est chez les oiseaux qu’on trouve le plus d’espèces à soins biparentaux. Parce que ce sont des animaux qui produisent beaucoup de sons, la communication acoustique pourrait jouer un rôle dans l’organisation des soins parentaux. Le but de cette thèse est de contribuer à vérifier cette hypothèse en comparant deux espèces d’oiseaux qui diffèrent dans la façon dont le mâle et la femelle se partagent les soins parentaux. Chez le diamant mandarin, le mâle et la femelle participent tous les deux à l’incubation des oeufs tandis que c’est la femelle seule qui se charge de cette tâche chez la mésange charbonnière. Cette dernière est alors nourrie en partie par le mâle. Chez ces deux espèces, j’ai d’abord observé en milieu naturel dans quels contextes les parents communiquent avec des sons au nid etquelle est la structure de leurs échanges vocaux. J’ai pu ainsi formuler des premières hypothèses sur les fonctions de cette communication. J’ai ensuite testé expérimentalement une de ces hypothèses pour chaque espèce. Chez le diamant mandarin, j’ai montré que la communication au nid permet aux parents de se partager le temps d’incubation. Chez la mésange charbonnière la communication au nid permet à la femelle d’indiquer ses besoins en nourriture au mâle. La communication acoustique joue donc bien un rôle dans l’organisation des soins parentaux chez ces deux espèces et pourrait être un élément clef dans les études futures s’intéressant à l’ajustement de l’effort parental entre les mâles et les femelles / Biparental care involves that male and female work as a team and each individual adjusts its behaviour to that of its partner. Many theoretical and empirical studies have investigated how each parent adjusts its behaviour to an increase or a decrease in the parental effort of its partner. But fewer have explored the mechanism allowing this adjustment. Biparental care is widespread in birds. Because birds are vocal animals, acoustic communication may play a role in organizing parental care. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to answer this question by comparing two bird species that differ in sex roles during parental care. In the zebra finch, both male and female incubate the eggs, whereas in the great tit, the female incubates alone and is partly fed by the male. In both species, I first observed in which contexts parents communicate with sounds at the nest and described the structure of their vocal exchanges. This allowed me to formulate hypotheses on the functions of this communication. Then, I experimentally tested one of these hypotheses for each species. In the zebra finch, I demonstrated that communication at the nest allows the pair to share incubation time. In the great tit, communication at the nest allows the female to communicate her needs for food to her mate. Acoustic communication thus plays a role in organizing parental care in these two species and could be a key factor in future studies on the adjustment of parental effort between males and females Communication acoustique Conflit entre les sexes Duos Coopération Négociation Oiseaux Soins biparentaux Acoustic communication Sexual conflict Duets Cooperation Negotiation Birds Biparental care
9	A Novel Approach to Identify Candidate Imprinted Genes in Humans Shapiro, Jonathan 21 March 2012 (has links) Many imprinted genes are necessary for normal human development. Approximately 70 imprinted genes have been identified in humans. I developed a novel approach to identify candidate imprinted genes in humans using the premise that imprinted genes are often associated with nearby parent-of-origin-specific DNA differentially methylated regions (DMRs). I identified parent-of-origin-specific DMRs using sodium bisulfite-based DNA (CpG) methylation profiling of uniparental tissues, mature cystic ovarian teratoma (MCT) and androgenetic complete hydatidiform mole (AnCHM), and biparental tissues, blood and placenta. In support of this approach, the CpG methylation profiling led to the identification of parent-of-origin-specific differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCpGs) in known parent-of-origin-specific DMRs. I found new DMRs for known imprinted genes NAP1L5 and ZNF597. Most importantly, I discovered many new DMCpGs, which were associated with nearby genes, i.e., candidate imprinted genes. Allelic expression analyses of one candidate imprinted gene, AXL, suggested polymorphic imprinting of AXL in human blood. Allele Allele-specific DNA Methylation Allele-specific Gene Expression Allele-specific Expression Allele-specific Methylation AnCHM Androgenetic Androgenetic Mole Mole Complete Mole Hydatidiform Mole Complete Hydatidiform Mole Androgenetic Hydatidiform Mole Androgenetic Complete Hydatidiform Mole Biparental Tissue Bisulfite Bisulphite Blood Blood DNA Computational Biology DNA Methylation DNA Methylation Profiling Epigenetic Epi-genetic Epigenomic Epi-genomic Expression Expression Regulation Gene Expression Gene Expression Regulation Genetic Genetic Imprint Genetic Imprinting Genomic Genomic DNA Genomic Imprint Genomic Imprinting Human Imprint Imprinting Teratoma Ovarian Teratoma Cystic Teratoma Mature Teratoma Mature Cystic Teratoma Mature Ovarian Teratoma Cystic Ovarian Teratoma Mature Cystic Ovarian Teratoma MCT Methylation Cytosine Methylation Microarray Neoplasm Ovarian Neoplasm Placenta Profiling Promoter Promoter Region Sodium Bisulfite Sodium Bisulphite Uniparental Tissue WB WBC Imprinted Gene Polymorphic Imprinting Parent-of-origin Parent-of-origin-specific Methylation Parent-of-origin-specific Expression 0369 0307
10	A Novel Approach to Identify Candidate Imprinted Genes in Humans Shapiro, Jonathan 21 March 2012 (has links) Many imprinted genes are necessary for normal human development. Approximately 70 imprinted genes have been identified in humans. I developed a novel approach to identify candidate imprinted genes in humans using the premise that imprinted genes are often associated with nearby parent-of-origin-specific DNA differentially methylated regions (DMRs). I identified parent-of-origin-specific DMRs using sodium bisulfite-based DNA (CpG) methylation profiling of uniparental tissues, mature cystic ovarian teratoma (MCT) and androgenetic complete hydatidiform mole (AnCHM), and biparental tissues, blood and placenta. In support of this approach, the CpG methylation profiling led to the identification of parent-of-origin-specific differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCpGs) in known parent-of-origin-specific DMRs. I found new DMRs for known imprinted genes NAP1L5 and ZNF597. Most importantly, I discovered many new DMCpGs, which were associated with nearby genes, i.e., candidate imprinted genes. Allelic expression analyses of one candidate imprinted gene, AXL, suggested polymorphic imprinting of AXL in human blood. Allele Allele-specific DNA Methylation Allele-specific Gene Expression Allele-specific Expression Allele-specific Methylation AnCHM Androgenetic Androgenetic Mole Mole Complete Mole Hydatidiform Mole Complete Hydatidiform Mole Androgenetic Hydatidiform Mole Androgenetic Complete Hydatidiform Mole Biparental Tissue Bisulfite Bisulphite Blood Blood DNA Computational Biology DNA Methylation DNA Methylation Profiling Epigenetic Epi-genetic Epigenomic Epi-genomic Expression Expression Regulation Gene Expression Gene Expression Regulation Genetic Genetic Imprint Genetic Imprinting Genomic Genomic DNA Genomic Imprint Genomic Imprinting Human Imprint Imprinting Teratoma Ovarian Teratoma Cystic Teratoma Mature Teratoma Mature Cystic Teratoma Mature Ovarian Teratoma Cystic Ovarian Teratoma Mature Cystic Ovarian Teratoma MCT Methylation Cytosine Methylation Microarray Neoplasm Ovarian Neoplasm Placenta Profiling Promoter Promoter Region Sodium Bisulfite Sodium Bisulphite Uniparental Tissue WB WBC Imprinted Gene Polymorphic Imprinting Parent-of-origin Parent-of-origin-specific Methylation Parent-of-origin-specific Expression 0369 0307

Search results