The aim of this thesis study is to develop a simulator for an 8-bit microcontroller and the written document of this thesis study analyses the process of devoloping a software for simulating an 8 bit microcontroller, MC68HC11. In this simulator study a file processing including the parsing of the assembler code and the compilation of the parsed instructions is studied. Also all the instruction execution process containing the cycle and instruction execution and the interrupt routine execution is observed through a graphical user interface. Through this graphical user interface all the registries, address bus and data bus updates can also be observed. C++ programming language is used to implement the application. Object oriented programing techniques are used to provide easy of implementation and template usages.

Drilling bit optimization is one the key concepts in drilling engineering.It is considered as one f the economical factors in an overall well budget.Computers are strictly used as decision-making systems in the optimization calculations.Formation parameters are easily processed according to drilling bit selection criteria by the help of computer programs.Although computer program is an interface by which user makes computer some jobs,database is another important part of this necessary decision-making systems.Data is stored and can be modified in the database.Also necessary calculations can be accomplished by database so that results of these calculations and data can be reached by the computer programs.In this study,a database,holding field data is designed and a computer program calculating necessary parameters and related excel file holding output are prepared.Although mostly lowest costper foot is preferred and there isn&#039 / t an absolute method for choosing optimum bit,this design can be helpful in selection period.

In the thesis at hand, different concepts of magnetic recording were investigated both from an experimental and theoretical point of view. On the one hand, micromagnetic simulations of bit patterned media were performed examining the influence of magnetic and geometrical parameters on the magnetization reversal mechanism of the bit array. In this regard, the recording concept called exchange coupled composite (ECC) media was applied in combination with bit patterned media (BPM). It was demonstrated that ECC/BPM is superior in terms of narrowing the SFD which is vital for the implementation of BPM as a recording scheme in magnetic data storage deviced. Moreover, the stability of the magnetic state was calculated for single nanomagnets using the nudged elastic band algorithm. It was found out that the magnetic and geometrical properties have a severe influence on both, the energy barrier for magnetization reversal and the magnetization reversal process of the single nanomagnets. On the other hand, experimental studies of granular CoCrPt:SiO2 films deposited on self-assembled arrays of SiO2 nanoparticles with a size from 10 nm to 330 nm have been carried out, showing a distinct size-dependence of the coercive field and remanent magnetization with changing nanoparticle size. Moreover, these films have been irradiated with Co+ ions with different fluences, resulting in a change of the magnetic properties of the films due to both a change of the intergranular exchange coupling of the film and a degredation of the magnetic layers at higher irradiation fluences.

Η συγκεκριμένη εργασία έχει ως αντικείμενο τη σύγκριση των ρυθμών μετάδοσης γραμμής VDSL που επιτυγχάνονται με δύο διαφορετικούς τρόπους κατανομής ισχύος: τις μάσκες ισχύος και τον αλγόριθμο iterative waterfilling. Οι μάσκες ισχύος είναι η μέθοδος που χρησιμοποείται σήμερα στις γραμμές DSL, ενώ ο αλγόριθμος iterative waterfilling έχει προταθεί ως εναλλακτική λύση που επιτυγχάνει καλύτερους ρυθμούς μετάδοσης. Για την πραγματοποίηση της σύγκρισης υλοποιήθηκαν προσομοιώσεις της κάθε μεθόδου σε περιβάλλον Matlab και έγινε σύγκριση των αποτελεσμάτων για διάφορες τιμές μήκους γραμμών VDSL και σε διαφορετικές συνθήκες θορύβου. Τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν πως η μέθοδος iterative waterfilling αυξάνει το ρυθμό μετάδοσης των γραμμών VDSL και είναι πιο αποτελεσματική από τις μάσκες ισχύος σε περιβάλλον αυξημένου θορύβου. / The particular work has as object the comparison of the bit rates for a VDSL line that is achieved with two different ways of power distribution: the power masks and the algorithm iterative waterfilling.The power masks are the method that is used today in DSL lines, while the algorithm iterative waterfilling has been proposed as alternative solution that achieves better bit rates. For the purpose of this comparison were materialised simulations of each method in environment Matlab and it became comparison of results for different lengths of lines VDSL and in different conditions of noise. The results show that the method iterative waterfilling increases the bit rate of lines VDSL and is more effective than the power masks when the noise is big.

Highly ordered magnetic materials with high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), such as the L10 ordered FePt, and new recording technologies, such as bit patterned media (BPM), have been proposed as solutions to the media trilemma problem and provide promising strategies towards future high-density magnetic data storage media. L10 ordered FePt thin films can provide the necessary high PMA. However, the ordering of this material perpendicular to the plane of the films remains challenging since high-temperature and time-consuming processes are required. In this work, a remote plasma sputtering system has been used for the investigation of FePt thin films in order to understand if the greater control of process parameters offered by this system can lead to enhanced ordering in L10 FePt thin films at low temperatures compared with conventional dc magnetron approaches. More specifically, the effect of the different substrate temperatures and the target bias voltages on the ordering, the microstructure and the magnetic properties of FePt thin films was investigated. Highly ordered FePt thin films were successfully fabricated after post-annealing processes and were patterned into arrays of FePt islands. This patterning process was carried out with e-beam lithography and ion milling. Initial MFM measurements of these islands showed their single-domain structure for all the island sizes, which indicated the high PMA of the FePt. Magnetometry measurements were also carried out with a novel polar magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) system which was designed and built during this project. This system has unique capabilities which are: a) the application of uniform magnetic field up to 2 Tesla, b) the rotation of the field to an arbitrary angle and c) the use of lasers of four different wavelengths. The combination of these abilities enabled measurements on ordered FePt thin films and patterned media which can pave the way for further highly sensitive measurements on magnetic thin films and nanostructures.

Based on a thorough analysis of theoretical arguments, this meta-analysis does not find a genuine empirical effect of Bilateral Investment Treaties on Foreign Direct Investment after correcting for publication selection bias. / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

Depuis le développement du GPS, les systèmes de navigation par satellites (GNSS) se sont largement diversifiés : maintenance, modernisation et déploiement de nouveaux systèmes, comme l’européen Galileo. De plus, le nombre d’applications basées sur l’utilisation de signaux GNSS ne cesse d’augmenter. Pour répondre à ces nouveaux challenges et besoins, les récepteurs GNSS ne cessent d’évoluer. Un nouvel axe est le développement du récepteur logiciel qui présente la particularité d’un traitement logiciel des signaux contrairement au récepteur matériel, équipant nos véhicules, smartphones par exemple. Cette thèse de doctorat s’inscrit dans le projet commun d’un laboratoire et d’une PME consistant au développement d’un récepteur logiciel poursuivant les signaux GPS L1 C/A et Galileo E1 OS. L’objectif plus spécifique de la thèse est d’étudier l’acquisition, première étape du traitement du signal GNSS qui doit fournir une estimation grossière des paramètres du signal entrant. Ce travail vise particulièrement les signaux à faible puissance, un seuil d’acquisition est fixé à 27 dB-Hz pouvant s’apparenter à l’acquisition en milieu urbain ou dégradé. Il est important de noter qu’une des contraintes est de réussir l’acquisition de tels signaux au moins 9 fois sur 10, sans aucune aide extérieure ou connaissance des almanachs ou éphémérides. Dans un premier temps, une solide étude théorique portant sur les performances de l’acquisition et les sources de dégradations est menée. Parmi elles, peuvent être citée, les transitions de bits dues à la présence du message de navigation et du code secondaire sur la voie pilote des nouveaux signaux. Est ainsi mis en lumière la nécessité d’avoir recours à une méthode d’acquisition insensible aux inversions de signe du message de navigation. Dans un deuxième temps, une méthode innovante, le Double-Block Zero-Padding Transition-Insensitive (DBZPTI), est donc développée pour permettre l’acquisition du signal Galileo E1 OS de façon efficiente. Elle prend part au développement de la stratégie globale d’acquisition dont l’objectif est d’avoir en sortie une estimation de la fréquence Doppler et du retard de code du signal entrant, assez fine et fiable pour une satisfaisante poursuite du signal. / Since the development of the GPS, the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) have been widely diversified: maintenance, modernization and deployment of new systems such as the European Galileo. In addition, the number of GNSS signals applications, based on the use of GNSS signals, is increasing. To meet these new challenges and requirements, GNSS receivers are constantly evolving. A new trend is the development of software receiver which processes the GNSS signal in a software way unlike hardware receiver, equipping our vehicles, smartphones, for example. This thesis is part of a common project between a laboratory and a company, consisting of the development of a software receiver tracking GPS L1 C/A and Galileo E1 OS. The more specific aim of the thesis is to study the acquisition, first signal processing which provides a rough estimation of the incoming signal parameters. This work focuses particularly the low power signals, an acquisition threshold is set at 27 dB-Hz considered as a representative of urban or degraded environments. It is important to note that the success of the acquisition of such signals should be at least 9 times out of 10, without any aid or knowledge of almanac or ephemeris. Initially, a solid theoretical study of the acquisition performance and sources of degradation is conducted. One of them is the bit transitions due to the presence of the navigation message and the secondary code on pilot component of the new signals. It is thus highlighted the need to use a Transition-Insensitive acquisition method. Secondly, an innovative method, the Double-Block Zero-Padding Transition-Insensitive (DBZPTI) is developed to permit efficiently the acquisition of Galileo E1 OS signal. It takes part in the development of the global acquisition strategy, which should provide an estimate of the Doppler frequency and code delay, fine and reliable, for a satisfactory signal tracking.

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Oliveira.pdf: 3897493 bytes, checksum: e8c1c8593647f30604371255062ad2cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-04 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this work was to determine morpho-physiological parameters and to determinate the genomic stability of banana plants produced in Temporary Immersion Bioreactor (TIB), besides analyzing the agronomic behavior of the multiplied plant in the field. Therefore, the work was organized in three chapters, as follows: 1- Maintenance, multiplication and acclimatization of banana plants produced in different in vitro cultivation systems; 2- Organogenic behavior and morpho-anatomical characterization of banana plants multiplied in Semi-Solid (SS) and Temporary Immersion Bioreactor (TIB) systems, and; 3 – Cytometric evaluation, morphological and field production of banana plants from plantlets produced in TIB. Initially, banana genotypes were evaluated in vitro under minimal growth conditions, where concentrations of culture medium full and half‐strength MS medium) and two temperatures (20 e 25 °C) were tested. After seven months, the material was evalued and the shoots multiplied in different culture systems, acclimatized. For the multiplication, two systems were evaluated and after, the plants were rooted, then, the plants were acclimatized and evaluated for survival and growthIn all conditions, the plants were evaluated anatomically to better characterize the effects of different treatments and environments on plant development. Finally, at the end of the in vitro propagation process, the plants from TIB were established in the field and evaluated with conventionally produced plants (clump division) during two production cycles. In parallel determinations of nuclear DNA content of the plants were also performed by flow cytometry, , with views to detect possible somaclonal variations of the. It was found that the best maintenance condition of the shoots under in vitro conditions was in full strength MS medium at 20 ºC. After the storage period, the multiplication rates reached values between 1.1 and 2.5 shoots per explant. When SS and TIB systems were compared, It was observed that plants produced in TIB presented higher growth, but, lower multiplication rates than those of the SS system. In general, the in vitro rooting was 100% for both culture systems, and the plant survival in greenhouse reached levels above 70%, with differences between cultivation systems. Morpho-anatomically few differences were observed between plants from TIB or SS systems,, although during acclimatization, increments in the epicuticular wax layer, stomatal density, epidermal thickness and hypodermis in the adaxial face, besides differences between the parenchyma tissues had been characteristic for the plants from both culture systems. Finally, when the plants produced in TIB were evaluated in field, it was found that they presented agronomic behavior similar to those conventionally propagated , without significant changes in nuclear DNA content, neither visual morphological abnormalities that could characterize some type of somaclonal variation. With this work it is possible to conclude that: i) banana plants can be maintained under in vitro minimal growth conditions, before being used for propagating purposes; ii) The TIB provide lower multiplication rates than SS system, althought it can be recommended to be used to lengthen or promote the rooting of shoots in cultivation; iii) Plants produced in TIB present morpho-anatomical characteristics similar to the ones produced in SS system, and; iv) Under field conditions, plantlets produced from TIB have similar agronomic performance to those produzed byconvencional propagation. / Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar parâmetros morfo-fisiológicos e avaliar a estabilidade genômica de plantas de bananeiras produzidas em Biorreator de Imersão Temporária (BIT), além de analisar o comportamento agronômico em campo dos genótipos multiplicados. Para tanto, o trabalho foi dividido em três capítulos, como segue: 1- Manutenção, multiplicação e aclimatização de bananeiras produzidas em diferentes sistemas de cultivo in vitro; 2- Comportamento organogênico e caracterização morfo-anatômica de plantas de bananeiras multiplicadas em sistema Semi-Sólido (SS) e Biorreator de Imersão Temporária (BIT) e; 3 – Avaliação citométrica, morfológica e de produção em campo de bananeiras produzidas em Biorreator de Imersão Temporária. Inicialmente genótipos de bananeira foram avaliados quanto a capacidade de serem mantidos in vitro sob condições de crescimento mínimo, onde concentrações do meio de cultura (MS pleno e ½ MS) e duas temperaturas da câmara de crescimento (20 e 25 °C) foram testadas. Após sete meses, o material foi avaliado e as brotações multiplicadas em diferentes sistemas de cultivo, aclimatizadas e levadas para plantio e monitoramento em campo. Para a etapa de multiplicação, dois sistemas foram testados. Após replicadas e determinadas as taxas de multiplicação as plantas foram então enraizadas, sendo determinados seus padrões de crescimento e desenvolvimento. Uma vez avaliadas, as plantas foram aclimatizadas e avaliadas quanto ao crescimento e sobrevivência. Em todas as condições, as plantas também foram avaliadas anatomicamente por microscopia de luz e de varredura para melhor caracterizar os efeitos dos diferentes tratamentos e ambientes sobre o desenvolvimento das plantas. Por fim, ao final de todo o processo de propagação in vitro, as plantas do sistema BIT foram plantadas em campo e avaliadas durante dois ciclos de produção, quanto ao seu comportamento morfo-agronômico, com plantas produzidas convencionalmente (divisão de touceiras). Paralelamente a este experimento, também foram realizadas quantificações no conteúdo do DNA nuclear das plantas, por meio de análises por citometria de fluxo, além de avaliações visuais, com vistas a detectar possíveis alterações somaclonais nas plantas em estudos. De maneira geral, verificou-se que a melhor condição de manutenção das plantas foi quando estas foram mantidas sob meio de cultura de MS à 20ºC. Sob multiplicação, após o período de conservação, obtiveram-se taxas de multiplicação do material entre 1,1 e 2,5 brotos/explante, sendo que quando os sistemas SS e BIT foram comparados, verificaram-se que as plantas em BIT apresentam maior crescimento, mas menores taxas de multiplicação do que àquelas do sistema SS. De maneira geral, o índice de enraizamento in vitro das plantas foi de 100%, em ambos os sistemas de cultivo e a sobrevivência das plantas em casa de vegetação alcançou índices superiores a 70%, com diferenças quanto ao sistema de cultivo utilizado. Morfo-anatomicamente observaram-se poucas diferenças das plantas quando estas foram avaliadas nos diferentes sistemas de cultivo, embora durante a aclimatização, incrementos na camada de cêra epicuticular, densidade estomática, espessura da epiderme e hipoderme na face adaxial, além de diferenças entre os tecidos parenquimáticos tenham sido característicos para as plantas originadas em ambos os sistemas de cultivo (SS e BIT). Por fim, quando as plantas produzidas em sistema BIT foram avaliadas em campo, verificou-se que, de modo geral, estas apresentaram comportamento agronômico semelhante àquelas propagadas convencionalmente, sem variações significativas no conteúdo de DNA nuclear, nem anomalias morfológicas visuais que pudessem caracterizar algum tipo de variação somaclonal nas plantas. Conclui-se com este trabalho que: i) genótipos de bananeiras podem ser mantidos in vitro em condições de crescimento mínimo, antes de serem utilizados para fins de propagação; ii) O sistema de cultivo BIT proporciona menores taxas de multiplicação do que sistemas SS e são mais indicados para serem utilizados durante as fases de alongamento/enraizamento de plantas de bananeira in vitro; iii) Plantas produzidas em sistema BIT apresentam características morfo-anatômicas semelhantes àquelas produzidas em sistemas SS, e; iv) Em condições de campo, o uso de plantas produzidas em sistema BIT apresentam comportamento semelhantes à plantas produzidas convencionalmente, incluindo aspectos relacionados à produção e produtividade.

[pt] Esta tese propõe novas melhorias para a codificação CELP a baixas taxas de bits. Primeiro, é proposto um algoritmo CELP em que a complexidade do procedimento de busca no dicionário adaptativo é grandemente reduzida, graças a uma modificação introduzida no modelo de síntese CELP. Resultados de simulação mostram que a qualidade da voz codificada com o algoritmo CELP proposto tem qualidade comparável àquela obtida com o algoritmo CELP convencional. As demais contribuições têm o propósito de melhorar a qualidade da voz codificada com o algoritmo CELP a baixas taxas de bits. Uma delas propicia uma codificação mais eficiente da envoltória espectral LPC da voz: é, especificamente, um esquema que combina quantização vetorial e interpolação interbloco dos parâmetros LSF. Com este esquema a envoltória espectral LPC codificada tem boa qualidade a uma taxa de bits tão baixa quanto 1 kb/s. A voz codificada com os algoritmos CELP apresenta freqüentemente distorções em sua envoltória espectral que são causadas por deficiências do sinal de excitação. Esta tese propõe um novo pós-filtro que reduz estas distorções e, com isso, melhora significativamente a qualidade subjetiva da voz codificada. A baixas taxas de bits a estrutura CELP convencional é incapaz de reproduzir com boa qualidade os ataques dos sons sonoros, que são cruciais para uma boa percepção da voz. Nesta tese é descrito um algoritmo CELP que dá prioridade a estes segmentos críticos. Cada bloco da voz é classificado em um dentre dezesseis padrões de sonoridade e cada padrão tem uma configuração de codificação e alocação de bits distintas. Resultados de simulação mostram que a qualidade da voz codificada a 4 kb/s com o algoritmo CELP proposto é significativamente melhor do que aquela conseguida com um codificador CELP convencional, também operando a 4 kb/s. / [en] This work presents new improvements to CELP speech coding at low bit rates. First, a CELP algorithm is proposed in wich the complexity of the adaptive codebook search is gratly decreased. This is achieved by means of a modified model of the CELP synthesizer. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can provide speech quality comparable to one obtained with the conventional CELP codec. The rest of contributions aim to improve the quality of speech codec at low bit rates with CELP algorithm. One of them is an efficient scheme for coding the LPC spectral envelope of speech for coding the LPC spectral envelope of speech. The proposed scheme combines vector quantization and interpolation of LSF parameters, and it provides a coded spectral envelope with very good quality at 1 kb/s. Speech coded with CELP codecs frequently displays distortions in its spectral envelope that are produced by deficient excitation. This thesis proposes a new postfilter that enhances the perceptual quality of codec speech by decreasin these distortions. This work presents new improvements to CELP speech coding at low bit rates. First, a CELP algorithm is proposed in wich the complexity of the adaptive codebook search is gratly decreased. This is achieved by means of a modified model of the CELP synthesizer. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can provide speech quality comparable to one obtained with the conventional CELP codec. The rest of contributions aim to improve the quality of speech codec at low bit rates with CELP algorithm. One of them is an efficient scheme for coding the LPC spectral envelope of speech for coding the LPC spectral envelope of speech. The proposed scheme combines vector quantization and interpolation of LSF parameters, and it provides a coded spectral envelope with very good quality at 1 kb/s. Speech coded with CELP codecs frequently displays distortions in its spectral envelope that are produced by deficient excitation. This thesis proposes a new postfilter that enhances the perceptual quality of codec speech by decreasin these distortions. Voiced onsets are crucial for a good perception of speech but, at low bit rates, the conventional CELP is unable to reproduce them with good quality. This work presents a CELP algorithm into one of a set of sixteen voicing patterns. A distinct coding configuration and bit allocation are applied to each pattern. Simulation results show that the quality of speech codec with the proposed 4 kb/s CELP codec is significantly bette than the one obtained with conventional 4 kb/s CELP codec.

The standard MIP mapping technique halves the resolution of textures for each level of the MIP chain. In this thesis the bits per pixel(bpp) is reduced as well. Normal maps are generally used with MIP maps, and todays industry standard for these are usually 24 bpp.The reduction is simulated as there is currently no support for the lower bpp in GPU hardware. Objectives: To render images of normal mapped objects with decreasing bpp for each level in a MIP chain and evaluate these against the standard MIP mapping technique using a subjective user study and an objective image comparison method. Methods: A custom software is implemented to render the images with quantized normal maps manually placed in a MIP chain. For the subjective experiment a 2AFC test is used, and the objective part consists of a PDIFF test for the images. Results: The results indicate that as the MIP level is increased and the bpp is lowered, users can increasingly see a difference. Conclusions: The results show that participants can see a difference as the bpp is reduced, which indicates normal mapping as not suitable for this method, however further study is required before this technique can be dismissed as an applicable method