Conversation Analysis (CA) is a tool to facilitate analysis of everyday conversations. A small number of studies have used CA as an intervention for people with aphasia and have seen positive effects as an outcome of the intervention. The authors of the present study have not found any other studies where CA was used as an intervention in other target groups. The purpose of this study was to investigate if CA may be used in intervention with an adolescent who uses Bliss. The main participants in the present study, which the intervention was based upon, were a sixteen year old girl who communicates through Bliss, and her assistant. The participants were filmed in everyday situations. The video recordings were transcribed and primarily analysed according to CA principles by the authors. The authors of the present study observed both well functioning and not so well functioning communication patterns. The three interventions were based on video recordings, transcriptions and analyses. During the interventions, the authors of the study discussed patterns in communication with the participants. The participants were then given information about selected transcriptions, video recordings and analyses that the authors considered contained interesting patterns. Focus of each intervention was on turn-taking, repair, topic and non-verbal communication. The results of the intervention showed that certain communication patterns that the authors had previously regarded to be less functioning had subsequently improved in certain aspects. Comparisons made before and after the intervention showed that the girl had been given more emancipation to decide topic of conversation and take own initiative in the communication after the intervention. The results also showed that CA can be used to find new Bliss symbols that could be used in addition to the Swedish Bliss standard chart. In regard to turn-taking, repairs and non-verbal communication, similar patterns were observed prior to and after the intervention was carried out. / Conversation Analysis (CA) tillhandahåller verktyg för att analysera samtal i vardagen. Ett fåtal studier har använt CA i intervention med personer med afasi och har sett positiva effekter av interventionen. Författarna till föreliggande studie har inte funnit några andra studier där CA används som intervention för andra målgrupper. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka om CA kan användas vid intervention med en ungdom som använder sig av bliss i kommunikationen. Huvuddeltagarna i studien, som interventionen baserades på, var en 16-årig flicka som kommunicerar genom bliss, samt hennes assistent. Deltagarna filmades i vardagliga situationer. Videoinspelningarna transkriberades och analyserades huvudsakligen enligt CAs principer av uppsatsförfattarna. Kommunikationsmönster, både välfungerande och mindre välfungerande, konstaterades. Videoinspelningarna, transkriptionerna och analyserna låg sedan till grund för de tre interventionstillfällena där nya videoinspelningar utfördes mellan interventionerna. Under interventionerna diskuterade uppsatsförfattarna, tillsammans med deltagarna, mönster i kommunikationen. Deltagarna fick då ta del av utvalda transkriptioner, videoinspelningar samt analyser som ansågs ha intressanta mönster. De områden som interventionerna fokuserade på var turtagning, reparation, samtalsämne och icke-verbal kommunikation. Resultatet av interventionen i studien visar att vissa mönster i kommunikationen, som uppsatsförfattarna innan interventionen ansåg fungerade mindre bra, nu hade förbättrats i vissa avseenden. Jämförelserna innan samt efter intervention visade att flickan givits mer utrymme att bestämma samtalsämne och ta egna initiativ i kommunikationen efter intervention. Resultatet visade även att CA kan användas för att upptäcka vilka nya blissymboler som skulle behövas som komplement till standardblisskartan. Inom områdena turtagning, reparation och icke-verbal kommunikation konstaterades liknande mönster både före samt efter intervention.

No description available.

MBA Professional Report / The purpose of this MBA Project is to review existing policy of the Federal Energy Management Program under the purview of National Renewal Energy Laboratory (NREL) for Energy Savings Performance Contracts (ESPCs). This project will assess the ability for the Department of Defense to incorporate emerging technologies in alternative energy to supplement or replace existing power sources for DoD installations within the current Energy Savings Performance Contract policy. To do this the project will review previous and existing Energy Savings Performance Contracts. Further, this project will conduct a cost-benefit analysis of conventional power versus emerging photovoltaic energy for the Army’s Fort Bliss in El Paso, TX. The project will also analyze energy demands based on a new force alignment at Fort Bliss in accordance with the recent Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) findings. The project will review current Energy Performance Contract Policy and recommend changes to allow for the use of emerging alternative energy technologies.

本研究旨在關注中國神學家趙紫宸（1888-1979）與美國傳教士、音樂家范天祥（Bliss Wiant，1895-1975）於1920年代至1930年代在推動中國聖樂處境化方面的合作。中國讚美詩處境化已成為一個重要的研究領域。然而，相關研究則較少關注對於特定時間內由中國基督徒與傳教士合作的處境化讚美詩（包括讚美詩翻譯及創作）。這一個案研究則將聚焦趙紫宸與范天祥在1930年代初所編撰的兩本讚美詩集《團契聖歌集》（1931）與《民眾聖歌集》（1931），並與20世紀初其他讚美詩（集）作簡要比較。 / 第一章旨在考察19世紀西方新教傳教士對中國讚美詩處境化所作之努力，其後則是對20世紀，特別是20年代晚期至30年代早期，中國基督徒對中國讚美詩處境化所作的追尋。第二章則旨在聚焦《團契聖歌集》的編撰，考察趙紫宸的處境化翻譯，以及其與傳統文化價值及社會圖景內在與外在的互動及對話。第三章則將對由趙紫宸作詞、范天祥配樂的《民眾聖歌集》作出分析。在此，將考量趙的讚美詩作詞原則，以及分析他的讚美詩創作與其早期神學思想之關聯。第四章則將視角轉移至范天祥及《民眾聖歌集》的處境化音樂創作。范為該詩集所選擇的中國曲調將幫助我們窺看它們如何參與進處境化讚美詩的進程。在此，後殖民文化批評的視角將幫助我們從新的解讀框架中理解中國處境化讚美詩編撰。 / 在第五章，我們將把這兩本讚美詩與六公會聯合編撰的《普天頌讚》（1936）作比較，該詩本被視為20世紀前四十年中國讚美詩處境化的最高成就。與此同時，兩個本土小宗派：聚會處及耶穌家庭的讚美詩也在比較範圍之內。同時，我們將運用"全球地域化"的視角就全球化與地域化互動層面進一步解讀20，30年代的中國處境化讚美詩。 / 處境化音樂，從神學上來看，是一種道成肉身的表述。在此，道轉為肉身，肉身轉為歌。這在我們對趙紫宸與范天祥的讚美詩集研究中能得到例證。他們在中國處境化讚美詩上創造性的合作──從歌詞到音樂──都對中國讚美詩處境化作出長久而又獨特的貢獻。對於基督教史的研究及未來的中國教會而言，都是至關重要的。 / This dissertation is concerned with the contextualization of Chinese hymns in the 1920s and 1930s in the collaboration between T. C. Chao (1888-1979), a renowned Chinese theologian, and Bliss Wiant (1895-1975), an American missionary and musicologist. The contextualization of Chinese Christian hymns has become an important area of study, but relatively little attention has been paid to the concrete interpretation of translations and hymns produced in a particular time by Chinese Christians and missionary collaborators. In this case study, the focus is on two hymnals produced by Chao and Wiant, Christian Fellowship Hymns and Hymns for the People, published in the early 1930s, with brief comparisons with other hymnals from the early decades of the twentieth century. / Chapter one surveys the contextualization of Chinese hymns made by Western protestant missionaries in the nineteenth century, followed by an exploration on the contextualization of Chinese hymnology by Chinese Christians themselves, especially in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The subject of Chapter two is the origin and writing of Christian Fellowship Hymns, focusing on T. C. Chao’s contextualized translations and his implicit and explicit interaction and dialogue with traditional cultural values and the contemporary social scene. In Chapter three we consider the second hymnal, Hymns for the People, which contains hymns written by Chao and set to Chinese music by Wiant. Here we consider Chao’s principles for hymn writing, and see how his hymns reflect his early theological thinking. In Chapter four, attention shifts to Bliss Wiant and the music in Hymns for the People. The Chinese tunes Wiant selected for this hymnal are analyzed to see how they were part of the contextualization process. Here, we employ post-colonial criticism to develop the beginnings of a new interpretative framework that can be applied to the process of the contextualization of Chinese hymnology. / Our final Chapter five compares the two Chao/Wiant hymnals with Hymns of Universal Praise, a joint effort by six denominations, which may be seen as the highpoint of the contextualization of Chinese hymnology in the fourth decade of the 20th century. These two hymnals are further compared with the hymnals of two independent/indigenous traditions: the Little Flock and the Jesus Family. Finally, we use the theory of "Glocalization" to further develop the study of Chinese hymnody in the 1920s and 1930s, emphasizing the mutually interactive process between the global and the local in contextualized Chinese Christian hymns. / Contextualized music is, theologically, an expression of the Incarnation, the Word become flesh, the flesh become song. This is evident in our study of the hymnals of T. C. Chao and Bliss Wiant. Their creative collaboration on contextualized Chinese hymns, the words and the music, has made a lasting and in some ways unique contribution to Chinese hymnody. It is important both for the study of the history of Christianity and the future of the Chinese Church. [end] / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Chen, Ruiwen. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 267-298). / Abstracts also in Chinese; includes Chinese.

<p>This essay explores the choices and fates of three women in Thomas Hardy’s A Group of Noble Dames. The lives of Betty Dornell, Emmeline Oldbourne and Barbara Grebe are all influenced by chance, choice and the interference of their parents and lovers. Despite the similar circumstances of their lives as young, upper-class women, it is shown that their fates vary widely as a result of both choice and chance. Ultimately, however, this essay claims that Hardy allows chance to have the final say in each dame’s destiny.</p>

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No description available.

There have been few studies conducted on how children from other than Western populations perceive and learn different graphic symbol sets or systems, especially on how children from poverty contexts learn graphic alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) symbols. Multicultural research is necessary in order to advance and to ensure the quality of the service of AAC for culturally and linguistically diverse AAC users. In the present study the authors strive to describe the learnability of the Blissymbol system in a non-western culture using a semiotic theoretical framework. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the iconicity and learnability of the Blissymbol system for Kenyan children with two different language backgrounds, Swahili and English. This was done in an attempt to investigate potential cultural and linguistic influences of the interpretation and learnability of the Blissymbol. The design and test material was adopted from a previous study (Jennische &amp; Zetterlund, 2012). In the present study, 127 typically developed children in the age six to seven in class one or two in primary school, both from private and public schools, participated. The children had never before encountered Bliss. The children were asked to interpret single Bliss-words and compound Bliss-words, first spontaneously through giving free proposals and then after being given an instructive explanation. The test results were analyzed on a group level and compared between the different groups (age, class and language background). The results show that there was a significant improvement between the pretest and the posttest for all children in the different groups. This indicates that the Blissymbols used in this study had a generally low transparency but a generally high translucency. The results also indicate a generally high learnability and that the children were aided by the instructive explanation. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the different groups, where the children from class two performed better than children from class one and where the English-speaking children performed better than the Swahili-speaking children overall. Age was not significant. The results also indicate that there were differences in how the children interpreted the symbols, but that there were similarities within the specific groups. Further, this indicates that the symbols were interpreted in a similar way by children that belonged to the same age, language and socioeconomic background.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Erskine Theological Seminary, 2008. / Abstract. Description based on Microfiche version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-129).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2006 Aug 15.