Este trabalho apresenta o estudo realizado no aprimoramento de um método de estimação de gordura corpórea por meio de um Scanner antropométrico ALLBODYSCAN 3D® (São Carlos, SP, 2012) que constrói imagens 3D do corpo humano. Procedimentos computacionais de análise de modelo corporal gerado pelo scanner, têm sido desenvolvidos na USP. Este estudo considerou medições em voluntários de vários grupos de interesse, de forma que a estimação de gordura pudesse ter abrangência satisfatória e com poucos fatores de erro, aprimorando a técnica. A pesquisa envolveu aspectos de gênero, etnia e idade de cada um dos voluntários. Os resultados foram comparados com estimações obtidas por Bioimpedância e por Adipometria e apresentaram alta correlação. O Scanner antropométrico apresentou suas medições com certas vantagens, comparado a outras técnicas, principalmente em relação à simplificação de procedimentos com o paciente para se obter medições confiáveis. / The present paper shows the research done in the improvement of a method to estimate the body fat mass using an anthropometric Scanner AllBodyScan3D® (São Carlos, SP, 2012) that builds up 3D images from the human body. Computational procedures for body composition analysis have been developed at USP. The present study has considered measurements in different groups of volunteers, in a way that it can lead to satisfactory coverage, with relatively low error, improving the approach. The research has considered gender, ethnics and age of each volunteer. The results were compared to estimations from Bioimpedance and Adipometry and they presented high correlation. The anthropometric Scanner has shown some advantages in comparison to other techniques, mainly due to its simplified procedures imposed on patients for obtaining reliable measures.

Objetivo. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o estado nutricional de escolares de 7 a 10 anos de idade, matriculados em duas escolas públicas município de São Paulo. Métodos. Foram utilizadas medidas de: peso, estatura, circunferência braquial, cintura, pregas cutâneas, bioimpedância elétrica (BIA), e medidas derivadas (área gordurosa do braço, % de gordura, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e índice estatura/idade. O estado nutricional foi avaliado segundo percentil do IMC utilizando como referência o CDC (2000). A mediana das variáveis antropométricas, IMC e da composição corporal foram comparadas aos valores da mediana de outras populações de referência. Para comparação de métodos, curvas tgROC, estratégia de Bland e Altman e coeficiente de correlação foram utilizadas. Resultados. A prevalência de desnutrição, risco de sobrepeso e sobrepeso foram de 4,5, 15,3% and 11%, respectivamente. Os valores da mediana das variáveis antropométricas e da composição corporal foram maiores, em grande parte, quando comparado aos valores medianos de outras populações de referência. Os valores do percentual de gordura estimado por dois diferentes métodos (BIA e pregas cutâneas) não foram semelhantes. As pregas cutâneas apresentaram melhor desempenho do que a BIA para classificar risco de sobrepeso e sobrepeso segundo IMC. Circunferência da cintura e area gordurosa do braço mostraram bom desempenho para identificar riscos de doenças cardiovasculares. Conclusões. Os métodos utilizados mostraram que os escolares apresentaram alta reserva de gordura, indicando a necessidade de ações de intervenções para melhoria da saúde dos escolares. / Objctive. To assess the nutrional status of schoolchildren from 7 to 10 years of age. Methods. Cross-sectional study in two public schools in the southeastern region of the city of Sao Paulo. Weight, height, arm and waist circunference (WC), skinfold thickness (triceps and calf), bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and derived indices and measurements ( upper arm and fat area (AFA), percentage of the bofy fat (% BF), body mass index (BMI) and height to age index were used. The nutritional status was assessed by BMI percentile using CDC 2000 curve. The data was presented in tables and graphics; comparisons were carried out by 95% confidence intervals, median values and Bland and Altman analysis. The performamces of measures of body composition to identify inadequate nutritional status and cut-off values were studied based on ROC and TGROC curves. Results. The foolowing prevalences were observed: underweight, 4.5%, risk of overweight, 15.3% and overweight 11.0%. The median of the anthropometric measurements and body composition were greater than in previous studies. The percentage of fat values depends on the method used for its estimation. Skinfold thickness presents better performance than BIA ti identify excess of weight when BMI was taken as a reference method. WC and AFA showed good performance to identify risk of cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions. Schoolchildren from 7 to 10 years of age present high levels of body fat reserve. These conditions indicate the need for health interventions.

No description available.

The full text of this thesis/dissertation is not available online. Please <a href="mailto:upetd@up.ac.za">contact us</a> if you need access. Read the abstract in the section 00front of this document. / Thesis (DPhil (Human Movement Scinece))--University of Pretoria, 2000. / Arts, Languages and Human Movement Studies Education / unrestricted

The main topic of my diploma thesis was to compare the changes in anthropometric parameters in relation to the diet composition of young footballers (soccer players) of the category U14 and U15 in the year 2017, year 2018 respectively, three months before entering the all-day regime of the Regional Football Academy at home and three months after that. The theoretical part focuses on the specifcs of the age U14 and U15 category, maps the nutritional needs for youth footballers in terms of nutritional, hydration and other important requirements, such as the timing of food. Next there is described the history and basic information about the establishment of the Regional Football Academies. The practical part works with the measured results based on regular anthropometric checks, body composition analyses, monitoring of body growth and information about daily food intake records on daily basis, which the football players recorded before entering academies. These daily food intake records were evaluated in the software BeetFit Pro. From the results of the diploma thesis it can be found that, for the successful changes of the anthropometric parameters and to manage demanding regimes within the region, it is necessary not only suffcient diet composition including the food timing, but major long-term and...

Results from prospective studies examining associations between sleep duration and weight gain have been mixed. Melatonin has been hypothesized to mediate the association between sleep duration and weight/body composition. In cross-sectional studies, aMT6s has been shown to be inversely associated with weight/body fat percentage. We examined associations between baseline sleep duration, insomnia status, aMT6s levels with weight/body fat percentage through 6 years, utilizing a subset 690 women who participated in a breast cancer case-control study nested within the WHI-OS. Multi-variable and mixed-effects regression was used to calculate beta-coefficients and 95% confidence intervals. Cross-sectional analyses showed urinary aMT6s levels were inversely associated with BMI and body fat percentage. No associations were observed between sleep patterns and measures of adiposity. The prospective relationship between urinary aMT6 levels and weight/body fat percentage was complex. Age-adjusted mixed models show an association in the interaction term between year and aMT6s with body fat percentage (βinteraction:0.09, pinteraction:0.16, p=0.07), demonstrating the influence of baseline aMT6s and time on changes in outcome. Women with higher baseline aMT6s had a trajectory of increased body fat percentage and weight gain steepest between baseline and year 3, whereas women with lower baseline aMT6 levels had a trajectory of decreased body fat percent and weight between year 3 and year 6. The prospective association between melatonin levels and adiposity measures was unexpected. Future studies with objective measures of sleep and repeated measures of melatonin may shed light of possible explanations for our findings.

Background: Currently, body composition (BC) assessment is usually performed to diagnose disease states and accurately estimate certain types of tissues. In athletes, performing BC assessments helps gauge training and nutrition programs to see if they are adequately meeting the athlete’s needs to improve performance. Annual Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scans before the start of an athlete’s season can help identify an athlete’s preparedness or health before training begins. Objective: To assess the preseason BC of four collegiate sports: Men’s basketball, men’s baseball, women’s volleyball, and women’s soccer, for Fat Mass (FM), bone mineral density BMD), Fat-Free Mass (FFM), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Methods: DXA (Lunar iDXA, GE Healthcare) scans were performed before the start of pre-season training for Men’s Basketball, Baseball, Women’s Volleyball, and Women’s Soccer. End-season DXA scans were performed after the end of the regular season for Men’s Basketball and Baseball athletes. Visceral Adipose Tissue was measured using CoreScan software provided by GE and Fat Mass Index (FMI) and Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI) were calculated from scanned values. Results: Between the various sports, there were several significant differences that were apparent. Height and percentage of Fat Mass (%BF) were significantly different between all sports except Women’s Volleyball and Women’s Soccer. BMI, VAT, and FFMI were significantly different between males and females. Changes over a season showed increased BMD in Men’s Basketball (2.79 to 2.99 Z-score, pre to end of season scan respectively; p < 0.001). No other observations were noticed to be significant. Conclusions: Sports-specific training and sex have large influences on the body composition of athletes. FMI and FFMI are two indices that may have a stronger indication to health than parameters considered for those who are sedentary and non-active. Female athletes have little to no amounts of VAT and this warrants further investigation.

abstract: Weight gain and unfavorable body composition are prevalent among midlife and older women; shifts in these characteristics can have detrimental implications on emotional and physical health and longevity. Efforts to attenuate weight-related factors detailing the potential development of obesity are traditionally driven by manipulation of nutrition and/or physical activity; however, sustained results are limited. Novel and integrative approaches are needed to reduce the burden of adverse changes in weight and associated consequences. This dissertation is built around a model of effects of Tai Chi/Qigong in body composition and a pilot test of this intervention and model factors in a group of midlife/older women (N = 36). Three resulting manuscripts include: 1) a proposed biobehavioral model detailing how a Tai Chi/Qigong intervention may improve weight-related outcomes through psychological, behavioral, and physiological pathways, 2) a paper examining pre- to post- intervention differences in the primary outcomes of percent body fat, sleep quality, and emotional eating and the exploratory outcomes of perceived stress, mood state, mindfulness, self-compassion and body awareness; and 3) an exploratory analysis examining correlations between primary (sleep quality, emotional eating), exploratory (perceived stress, mood state, mindfulness, self-compassion and body awareness), and neurophysiological (heart rate variability) outcomes of interest—further, regression models were conducted to explore the predictive value of the independent variables on the dependent variables and associated changes. In manuscript two, dependent t-tests were used to assess pre/post-differences (percent body fat and survey measures); this single group study (8-weeks of Tai Chi/Qigong) did not have a control group. Results of manuscript two demonstrate significant changes in sleep quality (p = .04), perceived stress (p = .05), and body awareness (p = .01). Findings of manuscript three indicate changes in the dependent variable of sleep quality were partially explained by perceived stress (adjusted R2 = 13.4%) and changes in the dependent variable of emotional eating were significantly explained by self-compassion (adjusted R2 = 42.1%). In the context of weight gain and unfavorable body composition in midlife/older women, results of this pilot study, using a standardized Tai Chi/Qigong intervention, indicate that select psycho-emotional factors may be important to explore further. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Nursing and Healthcare Innovation 2019

The aim of the diploma thesis is to describe and evaluate the relation of mass proportionality and adiposity in the context of secular changes in body composition of Czech preschool children over the last 25 years. The study was conducted in the form of transversal research between years 2016-2018 at seven kindergartens from Prague and its surroundings and one from Ústí nad Labem. 551 children (271 boys, 280 girls), in age of four to six years, were examined. The data was supplemented by a set of 208 children (101 boys and 107 girls), which were part of a pilot study from 2013-2014. In total, the group comprised 759 children. The actual set of individuals was compared with a representative database of Czech preschool children from the 1990s. There was no significant difference in the parameters describing weight proportionality in current preschool children, however the proportion of the individual components of the body composition has changed. The fat component increased significantly in six-year-old boys, five- year-old and six-year-old girls. At the same time, we observed insufficient development of active body mass in relation to the reference group. These trends are also evidenced by the increase in the percentage of latent forms of obesity over the past 25 years. The lack of active movement...

The aim of the diploma thesis was to cover the changes in body composition by bioimpedance spectroscopy in Czech breastfeeding women during three periods - 3 weeks postpartum, 3 months and 6 months postpartum. Eight healthy breastfeeding women were involved in the study. At each examination there were measured anthropometric parameters and bioimpedance spectroscopy parameters by the Body Composition Monitor. Breast milk was also extracted during the study. We observed a gradual decrease in body weight of monitored women. The median weight loss between the first and third examination was 2,2 kg, the median weight in 6 months postpartum was 1,3 kg higher than the median of prepregnancy body weight, two of the women had lower weight 6 months postpartum than before the pregnancy, the body weight of other six women was higher in a scale between 0,1 kg to 3,1 kg. There were not proven statistically significant differences in body composition during lactation. A trend of decrease of TBW was observed during all lactation periods. A trend of slight increase of ICW was observed between the 3rd week and 3rd month postpartum, and then the decrease of ICW in the 6th month postpartum. An increase of LTM and BCM was measured between the 3rd week and 3rd month postpartum, those values have shown a decrease again...