Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-06-13Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:58:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000789163_20150714.pdf: 460536 bytes, checksum: 99619783e3a5c1bb79305ceeb7304294 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-08-03T12:20:57Z: 000789163_20150714.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-03T12:22:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000789163.pdf: 1975364 bytes, checksum: 40b0786bd614e32cdafc36adc0d3a476 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Objetivou-se compreender as associações entre perfil somatotípico e imagem corporal a partir de uma leitura multidimensional, na qual envolvemos as dimensões perceptiva e atitudinal. Buscou-se à verificação das qualidades psicométricas de instrumentos que avaliam insatisfação e percepção corporal com enfoque na imagem real do sujeito, imagem dinâmica e somatotipo (Escala de Silhuetas do Próprio Sujeito- ESPS, Escala de Silhuetas Baseadas no Somatotipo - ESBS, Imagem Dinâmica do Corpo - IDC). Participaram 142 universitárias (21,81± 3,014 anos) submetidas à avaliação do Índice de Massa Corporal e do somatotipo, conforme protocolos da Organização Mundial da Saúde e Heath-Carter, respectivamente. Para avaliação da dimensão atitudinal foram aplicados os instrumentos: Body Shape Questionnaire, Body Attitudes Questionnaire, Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire, Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale, Escala de Silhuetas do Próprio Sujeito (ESPS) e Escala de Silhuetas Baseadas no Somatotipo (ESBS). Para mensuração da dimensão perceptiva foram utilizadas 3 tarefas psicofísicas: ESPS, Estimação de Magnitude e Estimação de Categoria. As duas últimas incluíram 2 condições: visualização do próprio corpo e de 4 modelos desconhecidas às participantes. Foi realizada análise descritiva por meio de medidas de tendência central, dispersão, frequência relativa e absoluta. Para verificação da associação entre as variáveis categóricas realizamos o teste Qui-quadrado. Para verificação da normalidade dos dados contínuos procedemos ao teste Shapiro-Wilk (p <0,05). Às variáveis as quais os resultados apresentaram distribuição normal foi aplicada estatística multivariada de variância (MANOVA one-way). Aos resultados que não apresentaram distribuição normal aplicamos o teste Kruskal-Wallis para análise de variância. Na verificação da associação entre variáveis aplicamos o teste Mann-Whitney para... / This study aimed to understand the associations between somatotypical profile and body image from a multidimensional approach, in which we include perceptual and attitudinal dimensions. We sought to verifying whether the psychometric qualities of instruments assessing dissatisfaction and body perception with a focus on real image of the subject, dynamic image and somatotype (Escala de Silhuetas do Próprio Sujeito- ESPS, Escala de Silhuetas Baseadas no Somatotipo - ESBS, Imagem Dinâmica do Corpo - IDC). The sample included 142 undergraduate female students (21.81 ± 3.014 years) who underwent to assessment of Body Mass Index and somatotype, according to the World Health Organization and Heath-Carter protocols, respectively. To assess the attitudinal dimension we applied the instruments: Body Shape Questionnaire, Body Attitudes Questionnaire, Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire, Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale, Self Subject Silhouettes Scale (ESPS) and Silhouettes Based on Somatotype Scale (ESBS). To measure perceptual dimension 3 psychophysical tasks were used: ESPS, Estimation of Magnitude and Estimation of Category. This last one was performed in two conditions: own body image and body of the 4 unknown models. We performed descriptive analysis using measures of central tendency, dispersion, relative and absolute frequency. To verify the association between categorical variables we performed Chi-square test. To verify the normality of continuous data we proceeded to Shapiro-Wilk test (p<0.05). We applied multivariate statistical variance (one-way MANOVA) for variables that showed normal distribution. We applied the Kruskal- Wallis test for analysis of variance to the results which were not normally distributed. To verify the association between variables we applied the Mann-Whitney test for independent samples and Spearman correlation. The ESPS, ESBS and IDC scales were considered valid, reliable and stable tools to...

Orientador: Ismael Forte Freitas Junior / Banca: Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro / Banca: Maria Elisa Caputo Ferreira / Banca: Fabiane Frota da Rocha Morgado / Banca: Idalina Shiraishi Kakeshita / Resumo: Objetivou-se compreender as associações entre perfil somatotípico e imagem corporal a partir de uma leitura multidimensional, na qual envolvemos as dimensões perceptiva e atitudinal. Buscou-se à verificação das qualidades psicométricas de instrumentos que avaliam insatisfação e percepção corporal com enfoque na imagem real do sujeito, imagem dinâmica e somatotipo (Escala de Silhuetas do Próprio Sujeito- ESPS, Escala de Silhuetas Baseadas no Somatotipo - ESBS, Imagem Dinâmica do Corpo - IDC). Participaram 142 universitárias (21,81± 3,014 anos) submetidas à avaliação do Índice de Massa Corporal e do somatotipo, conforme protocolos da Organização Mundial da Saúde e Heath-Carter, respectivamente. Para avaliação da dimensão atitudinal foram aplicados os instrumentos: Body Shape Questionnaire, Body Attitudes Questionnaire, Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire, Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale, Escala de Silhuetas do Próprio Sujeito (ESPS) e Escala de Silhuetas Baseadas no Somatotipo (ESBS). Para mensuração da dimensão perceptiva foram utilizadas 3 tarefas psicofísicas: ESPS, Estimação de Magnitude e Estimação de Categoria. As duas últimas incluíram 2 condições: visualização do próprio corpo e de 4 modelos desconhecidas às participantes. Foi realizada análise descritiva por meio de medidas de tendência central, dispersão, frequência relativa e absoluta. Para verificação da associação entre as variáveis categóricas realizamos o teste Qui-quadrado. Para verificação da normalidade dos dados contínuos procedemos ao teste Shapiro-Wilk (p <0,05). Às variáveis as quais os resultados apresentaram distribuição normal foi aplicada estatística multivariada de variância (MANOVA one-way). Aos resultados que não apresentaram distribuição normal aplicamos o teste Kruskal-Wallis para análise de variância. Na verificação da associação entre variáveis aplicamos o teste Mann-Whitney para... / Abstract: This study aimed to understand the associations between somatotypical profile and body image from a multidimensional approach, in which we include perceptual and attitudinal dimensions. We sought to verifying whether the psychometric qualities of instruments assessing dissatisfaction and body perception with a focus on real image of the subject, dynamic image and somatotype (Escala de Silhuetas do Próprio Sujeito- ESPS, Escala de Silhuetas Baseadas no Somatotipo - ESBS, Imagem Dinâmica do Corpo - IDC). The sample included 142 undergraduate female students (21.81 ± 3.014 years) who underwent to assessment of Body Mass Index and somatotype, according to the World Health Organization and Heath-Carter protocols, respectively. To assess the attitudinal dimension we applied the instruments: Body Shape Questionnaire, Body Attitudes Questionnaire, Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire, Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale, Self Subject Silhouettes Scale (ESPS) and Silhouettes Based on Somatotype Scale (ESBS). To measure perceptual dimension 3 psychophysical tasks were used: ESPS, Estimation of Magnitude and Estimation of Category. This last one was performed in two conditions: own body image and body of the 4 unknown models. We performed descriptive analysis using measures of central tendency, dispersion, relative and absolute frequency. To verify the association between categorical variables we performed Chi-square test. To verify the normality of continuous data we proceeded to Shapiro-Wilk test (p<0.05). We applied multivariate statistical variance (one-way MANOVA) for variables that showed normal distribution. We applied the Kruskal- Wallis test for analysis of variance to the results which were not normally distributed. To verify the association between variables we applied the Mann-Whitney test for independent samples and Spearman correlation. The ESPS, ESBS and IDC scales were considered valid, reliable and stable tools to... / Doutor

El lenguaje corporal ha existido desde el inicio de la humanidad. Antiguamente, la comunicación se basaba, únicamente, en gestos, posturas, movimientos, entre otros. En estos días, el lenguaje corporal se ha convertido en una herramienta muy poderosa que ofrece a las organizaciones una mejora en sus procesos de comunicación; sin embargo, es muy poco utilizada. En los últimos años, las empresas han estado capacitando a los colaboradores del área de ventas para un mayor desempeño en el manejo de su lenguaje corporal. Sin embargo, las demás áreas no han mostrado algún interés en las mismas, por lo que han perdido la posibilidad de mejorar su clima laboral y desempeño. En este trabajo presentamos temas que influyen en el lenguaje corporal o sistema kinésico, entre ellos, la cultura, el lenguaje según género, capacitación, comunicación efectiva y complemento de la comunicación verbal y no verbal, con el objetivo de demostrar que el lenguaje corporal es una disciplina válida para la mejor gestión humana en las organizaciones. Para la realización del estudio, hemos establecido una metodología de investigación bibliográfica de artículos que se encuentren en cuartil uno y dos (en su mayoría). Estos nos han permitido identificar y confirmar la importancia del lenguaje corporal en las organizaciones. / Body language has existed since the beginning of humanity. In the past, communication was based solely on gestures, postures, movements, among others. These days, body language has become a very powerful tool that offers organizations an improvement in their communication processes; however, it is very little used. In recent years, companies have been training employees in the sales area for greater performance in the management of their body language. However, the other areas have not shown any interest in them, so they have lost the possibility of improving their working environment and performance. In this paper we present topics that influence body language or kinésico system, among them, culture, language according to gender, training, effective communication and complement of verbal and non-verbal communication, with the aim of demonstrating that body language is a valid discipline for the best human management in organizations. To carry out the study, we have established a bibliographic research methodology for articles that are in quartile one and two (mostly). These have not allowed to identify and confirm the importance of body language in organizations. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

The frequency and duration of six coverbal behaviors were examined in two experimental groups and one control group. Conversational samples of ten aphasic subjects, ten right hemisphere damaged (RHD) subjects, and ten matched, non-brain damaged (NBD) control subjects were scored for frequency and duration of eye contact, head nod, head shake, head tilt, smile and eyebrow raise. Only the frequency of smile was found to differ significantly; the RHD subjects smiled less often than either of the other two groups.

Sixty-five college students completed the Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity (PONS) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The results did not support the hypothesis that introverts would be found to be relatively more sensitive to negative nonverbal cues than to positive cues, and that this difference would be greater for introverts than for extroverts. The outcome did not support predictions concerning the relationship between sensitivity to nonverbal communication and extroversion- introversion based on either Gray's fear-frustration hypothesis or Eysenck's general conditionability hypothesis of extroversion-introversion.

Individuals may approach an activity with either intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivational orientations are characterized by simplicity and predictability. Intrinsic motivation is characterized by novelty, complexity, and challenge. Task noncontingent rewards, in contrast to task contingent rewards, have been found to maintain or foster increases in intrinsic interest in a task. One explanation of this effect is that additional nonspecific factors like the perceived warmth of the experimenter was positively correlated with the noncontingent reward condition. To test this assumption, second grade subjects played with a game of intermediate complexity in one of four conditions: "cold" instructor with contingent reward, "cold" instructor with noncontingent rewards, "warm" instructor with contingent reward, and "warm" instructor with noncontingent reward. In a subsequent free-choice period, simple, intermediate, and complex versions of the game, as well as other activities, were available. The "warm" instructor was expected to create a greater positive affect toward the task which was measured by the amount of time spent with the complex game during free-choice time. Contrary to expectations, no significant difference was found between the four groups. Possible explanations of these findings are discussed.

This study attempted to clarify to what degree assurances of confidentiality and interviewer behavior protective of confidentiality impacted an interviewee’s trust of an interviewer and subsequent willingness to self-disclose. Ninety-six undergraduates were asked interview questions. Male and female subjects were divided into four conditions: confidentiality statement/protective behavior, confidentiality statement/nonprotective behavior, neutral statement/protective behavior, and neutral statement/nonprotective behavior. The Intended Self-Disclosure Questionnaire and Counselor Rating Form were used to measure self-disclosure and trustworthiness levels. Results did not support the main hypothesis that protective behavior would have a more significant impact on self-disclosure and trustworthiness than verbal assurances of confidentiality. However, assurances of confidentiality did lead to significantly higher trust levels. Responses to a post-questionnaire revealed over reporting of confidentiality instructions. Implications for therapy and future research are discussed.

In today's worlds of industry and academia, teamwork is becoming more and more prevalent and is becoming more and more desirable when addressing certain tasks. Intensified and growing competition in the global marketplace is forcing businesses to produce better products, thereby, requiring the input and expertise of various people with diverse backgrounds. Organizations have adopted a team approach in response to the technological advances that contribute to the complexity of many tasks in the workplace making it difficult for employees to work independently (Mathieu, Heffner, Goodwin, Salas, Cannon-Bowers, 2000). The purpose of this research is to investigate the communication patterns of disciplinarily heterogeneous student design teams at the university level. A quasi-experimental design, specifically a non-equivalent control group design was used for this study. This study has two research questions: 1) what is the process that leads to convergence of a team-based mental model among disciplinarily heterogeneous team members? and 2) what are the factors associated with convergence that lead to effective disciplinarily heterogeneous teams? The results will allow the formation of guidelines that will assist such students in improving their effectiveness by allowing the convergence of the team members onto the same mental model(s). It must be noted that data collection for the experimental teams continued after the tragic events that occurred at Virginia Tech on April 16, 2007. The results for this study were variable. Through examination of the fluctuation of the reliability scores across the three times it was administered, as well as the Pearson-Product Moment comparison, the Group Behavior Inventory is not the best instrument to use in an academic setting for student teams. The disciplinarily homogeneous teams disagreed more and the disciplinarily heterogeneous teams agreed more in terms of body language, while disciplinarily heterogeneous disagreed more through verbal utterances of sighs and pauses; however none of these differences were statistically significant. Certain agreement and disagreement indicators were significantly negatively correlated. Therefore, the corroboration of the Group Behavior Inventory constructs can only be applied to a specific disagreement indicator. / Master of Science

Übersetzer bewegen Sprache. Und sie bewegen sich in Sprachen. Eine dieser Sprachen ist die Körpersprache. Lange Zeit wurde diese nonverbale Sprache von der Sprachwissenschaft vernachlässigt, wurden kaum Versuche unternommen, dieses weite Feld zu beackern. Mittlerweile wurde jedoch die Bedeutung des Nonverbalen erkannt, was nicht zuletzt die Fülle an Publikationen in Kommunikationswissenschaft, Semiotik, Psychologie und eben auch in der Linguistik dokumentiert. Die Relevanz der Beschäftigung mit Körpersprache liegt aufgrund der „interkulturell körpersensiblen Dolmetschsituationen“ (KALVERKÄMPER 2003:262) für die Dolmetschwissenschaft auf der Hand (vgl. z. B. NORD 19912:123 ff; AHRENS 1998; POYATOS 2002a:271 ff; KUTZ 2007:30). Doch auch für die Übersetzungswissenschaft bieten sich wichtige Anknüpfungspunkte, die bislang kaum Beachtung gefunden haben. Die Felder des Verbalen und des Nonverbalen weisen zahlreiche Überschneidungen, Verschränkungen und Berührungspunkte auf. So finden sich schon bei WALTHER von der Vogelweide verbale Fixierungen nonverbalen Verhaltens: Ich saz ûf eime steine und dahte bein mit beine: dar ûf saztẹ ich den ellenbogen: ich hetẹ in mîne hant gesmogen daz kinnẹ und ein mîn wange. Der körpersprachliche Ausdruck, per definitionem ein nonverbales Zeichen, kann also auch verbal kodiert werden. Dieser intersemiotische Transferprozess geht, wie der Übersetzungsprozess im Allgemeinen, nicht ohne Verschiebungen und Verluste vonstatten. Was das Auge in Sekundenbruchteilen erfassen kann, würde in Worten beschrieben nicht selten Seiten füllen und bliebe dabei doch nur eine Annäherung an das Gesehene. Statt wortreicher Beschreibungen stehen den Autoren verschiedenster Sprachen aber auch konventionalisierte Wendungen zur Verfügung, mit denen sich Körpersprache prägnant abbilden lässt. Diese Wendungen unterscheiden sich von Sprache zu Sprache nicht nur bezüglich Anzahl und Frequenz. Sie können auch in ihrer Differenziertheit voneinander abweichen und unterschiedlichen stilistischen, zeitlichen, pragmatischen oder morphosyntaktischen Verwendungsrestriktionen unterliegen. Die Übersetzung verbalisierter Kine, verschriftlichter Struktureinheiten der Körpersprache, ist also häufig mit Problemen behaftet. Die kodierte Bewegung muss zunächst als solche erkannt, dann vom Übersetzer imaginiert und interpretiert und schließlich in eine entsprechende zielsprachliche Form gegossen werden. Der Translationsprozess wird damit von einem zusätzlichen Codewechsel, dem zwischen verbalem und nonverbalem Code, überlagert und weiter verkompliziert (Roman JAKOBSON (2002:261) spricht von ‘intersemiotic translation’ oder ‘transmutation’). Besonders Literaturübersetzer sehen sich häufig mit aus verbalisierten Kinen resultierenden Übersetzungsschwierigkeiten konfrontiert, ohne ein für diese Fälle zugeschnittenes Hilfsmittel zur Hand zu haben. Auf den Bedarf an entsprechenden Nachschlagewerken wies bereits 1989 Hans J. VERMEER hin, der damals schon die besondere Eignung digitaler Medien erkannt hatte: „Nonverbale Kommunikation macht etwa 70 % aller Kommunikation aus; sie ist vielfach wichtiger als die verbale. Wir brauchen mehr ‘Wörterbücher’ zur nonverbalen Kommu-nikation. – Ausführlichkeit und Spezialisierung schlossen sich bisher aus ökonomischen Gründen aus; desgleichen Ausführlichkeit und Aktualität; beide Probleme werden mit komputerisierten Terminologiedatenbanken lösbar.“ (VERMEER 1989:172). Mittlerweile liegen mehrere Printwörterbücher zu konventionalisierten Gesten verschiedener Kulturen vor (Vgl. die Aufstellungen in MEO-ZILIO 1990, KÜHN 2002:168, POYATOS 2002b:383, sowie für das Russi-sche GATTNAR 2003:68 ff. Ein deutsches Gestikon existiert bislang nicht.), allerdings richten sich diese nicht – zumindest nicht in erster Linie – an Übersetzer und sind nicht auf deren besondere Bedürfnisse abgestimmt. Aus dieser Situation heraus entstand die Überlegung, selbst ein derartiges Instrument, ein translationsgerichtetes Nachschlagewerk zu schaffen. Bei der Jahrestagung des Verbandes deutschsprachiger Übersetzer literarischer und wissenschaftlicher Werke e. V. (VdÜ) im September 2006 in Wolfenbüttel fand sich eine Gruppe von Übersetzern zusammen, die über Sinn und Zweck, Ausgestaltung und Realisierungsmöglichkeiten eines Gestikons diskutierte. Andreas TRETNER, Übersetzer und Hauptinitiator der Initiative, hatte den Begriff des Gestikons eingebracht.( Auch NOLL spricht in Anlehnung an POGGIs ‘Gestionary’ von ‘Gestikon’ (vgl. NOLL 1998:155), weitere Hinweise auf ähnliche Bezeichnungen finden sich bei KRENN/PIRKER (o. J.).) Dieser soll als griffige und kompakte Benennung auch in der vorliegenden Arbeit Verwendung finden, hilft er doch, die zweifelhafte Rede vom „Wörter“-Buch der Kinegramme zu vermeiden. Als Ergebnis der Wolfenbütteler Diskussion ließ sich festhalten, dass eine multilinguale Datenbank angestrebt wird, mit der Möglichkeit der kontinuierlichen Erweiterung, Bearbeitung und Nutzung durch registrierte User im Internet. Dabei herrschte weitgehend Konsens, dass die Datenbank aus identisch strukturierten einsprachigen Wörterbüchern bestehen soll, eine zweisprachige Anlage wurde als der Komplexität des Gegenstandes nicht angemessen verworfen. Ziel dieser Arbeit soll es nun sein, aus Übersetzerperspektive die Anforderungen an das zu schaffende Instrument zu formulieren und auf dieser Grundlage eine Konzeption für die Struktur des Gestikons und seiner Einträge zu erarbeiten. Diese Konzeption kann dann als Orientierungshilfe bei der Erstellung der Datenbankstruktur durch Informatiker oder Computerlinguisten Verwendung finden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird zunächst der aktuelle Forschungsstand aufgearbeitet und das zur Verbalisierung von Körpersprache anzutreffende terminologische Inventar vorgestellt und diskutiert. Im Anschluss an die Diskussion werden die in dieser Diplomarbeit verwendeten Termini definiert und mit Beispielen illustriert. Auf den Nachweis der Übersetzungsrelevanz des Themas folgt eine Beschreibung der intendierten Benutzergruppe des Gestikons und eine Analyse der für diese Adressatengruppe zu erwartenden Benutzungssituationen. Innerhalb der lexikographischen Diskussion wird auf konkrete Fragen der Kodifizierung und der Makrostruktur eingegangen, bevor schließlich die Mikrostruktur des Gestikons erarbeitet und mit mehreren Mustereinträgen in deutscher und russischer Sprache im Anhang anschaulich dargestellt wird. Abschließend werden Überlegungen und Ergebnisse der Arbeit zusammengefasst und die Perspektiven für das Gestikon-Projekt skizziert.

This study examined the differences and similarities in how animated 3D characters were perceived by individuals from Sweden and China. The study also attempted to examine how cultural aspects influenced the participants’ perceptions. Parts of the study were conducted through collaboration with the Chinese game company, Focus Games. A literature study focusing on body language and culture was conducted, as well as a game animation analysis featuring games from both western and East Asian developers. Based on the game analysis, 6 animations were created with movement qualities inspired by each of the cultures. The study was conducted through an online questionnaire, as well as shorter semi-structured interviews. The results show that there were certain similarities and differences in how participants perceived the animations, however the reason as to how cultural aspects influenced the responses was partially unanswered due to lack of data.