Past studies have shown that the effects of selective auditory attention are evident in medial olivocochlear (MOC) activity, manifested as the contralateral suppression (CS) of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs). This finding suggests the use of TEOAEs in the design of an auditory-based access technology as a potential access solution for children with severe disabilities. Thirteen participants with normal hearing threshold and normal middle ear function completed this study. The participants were instrumented with a TEOAE ear probe and presented with a contralateral acoustic stimulus. They were instructed to alternate auditory attention conditions as visually cued by symbols on an LCD display. Attentive and non-attentive conditions were detected with an overall accuracy of 70.17 +/- 12.54% at 2.44 +/- 0.3 bits per minute in a participant-specific classifier, and 65.92 +/- 13.91% in a participant-independent classifier. Detection of auditory attention exceeded random chance levels for 11 of 13 participants.

Past studies have shown that the effects of selective auditory attention are evident in medial olivocochlear (MOC) activity, manifested as the contralateral suppression (CS) of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs). This finding suggests the use of TEOAEs in the design of an auditory-based access technology as a potential access solution for children with severe disabilities. Thirteen participants with normal hearing threshold and normal middle ear function completed this study. The participants were instrumented with a TEOAE ear probe and presented with a contralateral acoustic stimulus. They were instructed to alternate auditory attention conditions as visually cued by symbols on an LCD display. Attentive and non-attentive conditions were detected with an overall accuracy of 70.17 +/- 12.54% at 2.44 +/- 0.3 bits per minute in a participant-specific classifier, and 65.92 +/- 13.91% in a participant-independent classifier. Detection of auditory attention exceeded random chance levels for 11 of 13 participants.

Les rapports du corps et de la médecine n'ont cessé de se transformer tout au long de notre histoire. Cette évolution a été marquée de façon radicale par la révolution scientifique figurée par Copernic pour ce qui est de l'univers et Vésale pour ce qui est du corps. Sous l'égide de Descartes le corps - déjà infériorisé par le dualisme de Platon - s'est vu réduit au statut d'objet de science, de mécanique, par la suprématie du dualisme épistémologique. Le but de ce travail est tout d'abord d'essayer de comprendre le cheminement d'une telle réduction, d'en montrer ses origines ainsi que ses dérives passées et actuelles avec leurs conséquences éthiques dès lors qu'il s'agit de penser le corps et, par lui, la médecine. Ensuite il faudra se poser la question de savoir dans quel cadre concevoir ce corps pour lui rendre toute sa place, celle que lui donne l'incarnation qui fait du patient une totalité irréductible à sa maladie. / The relationships of the body and the medicine did not stop being transformed throughout our history. The evolution was marked in a radical way by the scientific revolution inaugurated by Copernic as for the universe and by Vésale as for the body. Under the aegis of Galilee then of Descartes, the body – already underestimated by the dualism of Platoon – saw itself reduced in the status of object of science, mechanics, under the ascendancy of the epistemological dualism. The purpose of this work is first of all to try to understand the progression of such a reduction, to show its origins as well as its past and current drifts, with their ethical consequences, since it is a question of thinking the body and, by it, of the medicine. Then the question arises to know which frame must be conceived to give back the body its entire place that the embodiment gives to it making the patient an inflexible whole which can't be confined to illness.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:16:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Maira Spanghero.pdf: 30654900 bytes, checksum: 24f212d982745f273251ba1f503fd901 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-12 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Remote Controlle(d, r) Body brings an original proposition to understanding the relationship between body and media, which is taken from studies in Communication, and developed from the theory in progress "Bodymedia". The hypothesis of this research says that bodies, while communicating, control and are remotely controlled while they manipulate any given media, (all kinds of media, including electronic and digital ones, like cell phone, computer, and television) technical tools, languages, ideas and other bodies. This is a relationship between organic and non-organic bodies, linked to nature s survival strategies. Bodymedia is the result of an interface between Philosophy of the Mind, Communication, Cognitive Sciences, Evolutionary Theories and Peirce's Semiotics. Its aim is to give support to understanding the body in the fields of Communication and Culture. Some of the points that form its interiority/structure, which are grounded in empirical facts are the relationship of co-determination between nature and culture, the relationship of co-determination between body and environment, the notion of the human within culture, the co-evolution and a singular understanding of the media. Emanating from these points of view, this project approaches metaphors relating to the pair body-technology, which are interlaced in cultural systems. Usually, studies relating to the body-machine point to a consolidation of the concept of the post-human. These studies lead to an updated mechanical and Cartesian point of view of the body. There is another line of investigation which leans to recent aspects of processes of subjectization related to new technologies and which frequently concentrate on the anthropomorphic direction of the discussion. Remote Controlle(d,r) Body indicates a different and not much explored viewpoint from those above-mentioned, when it proposes a new hypothesis on the interaction between body and media. It focuses the body movement as a thinking matrix and brings together two concepts: assimilation and anthropophagy (originally Brazilian). Both are proposed as useful tools for advancement in this area. Some of the objectives of this project are: to identify new conceptual strategies for the interaction between body and media, to present an original theoretical understanding of the body-machine, to introduce into the debate concepts of assimilation and anthropophagy and to collaborate in the construction of a theory that considers movement as a thinking matrix. / Corpo Re-moto Controlado(r) traz uma proposta inédita para a compreensão da relação entre corpo e mídia, a partir dos estudos da Comunicação desenvolvidos pela teoria em construção denominada Corpomídia. A hipótese da pesquisa é a de que os corpos, quando se comunicam, controlam e são controlados remotamente na medida em que manipulam mídias (celular, computador, televisão e todos os tipos de mídia, entre as quais as eletrônicas e digitais), ferramentas técnicas, outros corpos, linguagens e idéias. Trata-se de uma forma de descrever a relação entre corpos, vivos e não-vivos, apresentando-a como estratégia de sobrevivência. Corpomídia resulta das interfaces entre a Comunicação, a Filosofia da Mente, as Ciências Cognitivas, as Teorias Evolutivas e a Semiótica Peirceana e, tem por finalidade dar suporte aos entendimentos do corpo nas áreas da comunicação e da cultura. Dentre seus focos básicos estão a relação de co-determinância entre natureza e cultura, a relação também de co-determinância entre corpo e ambiente, a noção de humano dentro da cultura, a co-evolução, e uma proposta singular do que seja mídia. É com tal viés que esta pesquisa aborda algumas metáforas relacionadas ao par corpo-tecnologia que estão entrelaçadas nos sistemas culturais. Usualmente, os estudos vinculados ao corpo-máquina apontam para a consolidação do conceito do pós-humano. E a principal questão que essa terminologia carrega é exatamente a de uma compreensão de corpo que parece avançar, mas ainda se mantém como uma espécie de herdeira atualizada de uma visão cartesiana do corpo. Há uma outra vertente de investigação que privilegia os estudos dos processos de subjetivação diante das novas tecnologias, e que muito freqüentemente se concentram em um direcionamento antropomórfico da discussão. Corpo Re-moto Controlado(r) indica uma perspectiva distinta das acima mencionadas, e ainda pouco explorada, quando oferece uma nova hipótese de abordagem do corpo na interação com as mídias a partir de um entendimento de mídia distinto do de meio sendo atravessado pela informação. Focaliza o movimento do corpo como matriz de pensamento, e traz para guiar a reflexão na área do corpo-tecnologia dois conceitos: o da assimilação (Bauman) e o da antropofagia (esse, originalmente brasileiro, de Oswald de Andrade). Propõe ambos como ferramentas capazes de irrigar e realocar as discussões em curso. Entre os objetivos desta pesquisa estão: identificar novas estratégicas conceituais para o problema do corpo na interação com as mídias, apresentar um conjunto teórico inédito para propor um outro entendimento para a questão do corpo-máquina, contribuir com o debate indicando os conceitos da assimilação e da antropofagia e, cooperar com a construção de uma teoria baseada no movimento como matriz do pensamento. Palavras-chave: comunicação, corpo-máquina, corpomídia, relações motoras, controle remoto, hibridismo.