As the time goes by, one former Czech-Slovak territory has separated, forming two independent republics and members of European union. Division of common territory by a border, however, cannot affect cultural and linguistic proximity, which can be clearly identified in cross-border regions. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the cooperation amongst six regions located near mutual border during 2007-2013 period. By the means of publicly available content, an analysis of allocation of financial resources from ERDF and national budgets is executed. The qualitative evaluation of cross-border cooperation projects is delivered by the proposal of matrix for territorial impact assessment. According to percentual fulfillment of given goals, impact on barrier effect reduction and selected projects analysis, the overall added value of cross-border cooperation between Czech and Slovak republic during 2007-2013 period is specified. Main findings are then a result of combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative indicators for the researched period.

In response to the humanitarian crisis of 2015, Sweden introduced ‘temporary’ bordercontrols. The increasingly permanent controls warrant critical assessment and raise urgentquestions: How is border security exercised in practice? What is the relationship betweenintent and practices on the ground? Which logics drive the border control? This studyexplores these questions through in-depth interviews with border guards andethnographic field observations conducted at Hyllie station. Applying Foucault’s conceptof biopolitics and Walters’ image of the border-as-firewall, the study critically probes thepractices of border security and the logics that underpin it. The study argues that theSwedish border control acts as a (biopolitical) firewall. Yet, this conceptual frameworkalone cannot account for the multiple logics, rationalities, and objectives that intersectand drive the project of border control. The analysis suggests that biopolitics framessecurity as a rather monolithic, omnipotent performance of overarching state objectives.In reality, the exercise of border control is assembled ad hoc, constrained by the limits ofavailable resources of the Swedish police and mediated by the agency of individual borderguards. Finally, the study reflects on the exclusionary logic embedded in the practices ofborder control and stakes out paths for future research.

Thesis advisor: Oliver P. Rafferty / Thesis advisor: Robert J. Savage / Irish Republicans found themselves at a crisis moment in 1949. Legislation enacted by each state on the island affirmed the political reality of Ireland’s partition. The Southern state declared an Irish Republic while the Northern state affirmed Northern Ireland’s continuing integration with the United Kingdom. The partition of island between these two governments was reinforced by the Irish border in the 1950s as it had been for the previous three decades. The Irish Republican Army remained committed to ending the separation through force while the Northern Ireland security apparatus steadfastly safeguarded the realm against any foreign incursion or domestic insurrection. Irish Republicanism reorganized and the IRA launched a disastrously planned and under-resourced Border Campaign between 1956 and 1962. The IRA was fully repelled by the Northern security forces: the Royal Ulster Constabulary supported by the Special Constabulary with security assistance from the governments in Belfast, London and, eventually, Dublin. The militant aspect was accompanied by political measures that reaped electoral gains and signs of public support peaking in the mid-1950s before a clear repudiation of the movement by the end of the decade. By the start of the 1960s, the IRA had been defeated and Irish Republicanism was reeling, unsure of its future political vitality and social relevance. Northern Ireland and the Irish border was more secure than at any point in its previous 40 years of existing, ruled by a strong, confident British Unionist hegemony. For Irish Republicans living on the frontier of the Northern Ireland state, new modes of political thinking and confrontational actions with the state had been attempted and ultimately abandoned. This project examines the main dynamics at play along the Irish border between 1949 and 1961. Focus will be on the Sinn Féin, the IRA and Liam Kelly’s Republican splinter group Saor Uladh, the RUC, B-Specials and militant-political Unionism, and the role of governments in Belfast, Dublin and London during the costly decade of the 1950s. / Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: History.

Studien syftar till att undersöka hur fastighetsgränser markerats ur ett historiskt perspektiv. Detta är en kunskap som är nödvändig då en mätingenjör gör utsökning av gränsmarkeringar i fält och gränsutvisning av fastighetsgräns.Studien syftar även till att belysa de svårigheter mätingenjörer kan möta vid gränsutvisning samt hur arbetet bör planeras. Arbetet är avgränsat till att endast gälla fyra fastigheter i ett utvalt område i Värmland. Genom inmätning och gränsutvisning av gränsmarkeringar med GNSS mottagare och nätverks-RTK där resultatet sedan jämfördes med motsvarande gränsmarkeringar iregisterkartan. I studien ingår även en litteraturöversikt över fastigheters tillkomst genom historien och fastighetsreformer samt fastighetsbildningsåtgärder, detta för att ge en förståelse för fastighetsgränsers uppkomst och dess betydelse för gränsmarkeringar. En översikt över fastighetsgränser, hur de markerats och hävdas. Fallstudien belyser mätingenjörens arbetsgång vid gränsutvisning. Arbetsgången innehåller arkivutredning, gränsutsökning och gränsgång. Arkivutredningen av de fyra fastigheterna visar gränser från storskifte och laga skifte samt fastighetsbildningsåtgärder som hemmansklyvning, avsöndring och ägostyckning. Vid gränsutvisning och gränsutsökning återfanns 31 änd- och brytpunkter längsde olika fastighetsgränserna. De markeringstyper som återfanns var 15 råstenaroch åtta rör i mark övriga var gränshävd.Medelvärde på den beräknade radiella avvikelsen i tätort i fallstudien är 0,17 meter medan avvikelsen på landsbygd är mellan 5,27 och 4,03 meter. Slutsatsenav fallstudien är att registerkartans avvikelser inom studieområde har ett medelvärde på runt fem meter och att skillnaderna är stora. / The study aims to investigate the knowledge a surveyor needs before border expulsion. The study contains a literature review addressing how property boundary are marked from a historical perspective. The aim is to highlight the difficulties that the surveyor may encounter working with border expulsion. This study is limited to four properties in one selected area in Värmland. The problem this study addressing is relevant because this service has been excluded from Lantmäteriet that oversees the cadastre system in Sweden. The result is a gap that need to be meet when many property owners are unsure of their property boundaries. By measuring and delineating boundary markings with GNSS receivers and network RTK where the result was then compared with corresponding boundary markings in the register map. The study also provides a literature review to give an understanding of the origin of property boundaries and their importance for property boundary. An overview of property boundaries, how they are marked and maintained. The case study sheds light on the surveyor's work process at border expulsion. The workflow includes among other archive investigation and border search. At border expulsion and border search, 31 end- and break points were found along the selected property boundaries. The mean value of the calculated radial deviation in urban areas in the case study was 0.17 meters, while in the countryside the mean value of the calculated radial deviation was between 5.27 and 4.03 meters. The study shows that the register map in this area in Värmland has an average of deviations of around five meters.

This project seeks opportunities to dissolve identity boundaries between the human and nonhuman by speculating into alternative scenarios of a ‘Border Creature’s life in a human-fabricated world. I took advantage of my newly acquired nonhuman identity, the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-COV2-19), which is known for causing a global pandemic (Covid-19) in the year 2020, and ‘transferred’ myself into a Border Creature. Via designed tangible facial devices and speculative scenarios built by photography and ‘dairy’ writing, the project is to highlight the shared identity a human has with Coronavirus in Växjö city, Sweden, and to confront the inhuman status Border Creature is undertaking due to social stigmatization in order to raise questions and reflections around our prefigured definition of what is human.

This thesis examines how cultural distance affects cross-border M&A performance of emerging market firms. The study adds to the previous literature by using a multi-measurement approach, a broader sample of emerging countries and by comparing the effects to those of developed market firms. Performance is divided into short-term performance, measured as cumulative abnormal return (CAR) and long-term performance, measured as sales growth and change in Return on Sales after the transaction (sales CAGR and change in ROS). Using a sample of transactions conducted by both emerging market firms and developed market firms during the years 1997-2019, this study finds that cultural distance has a negative effect on the long- term cross-border M&A performance of emerging market firms. However, no significant effect is found on the short-term CAR following a cross-border M&A by emerging market firms. Additionally, none of the included performance measures is affected by cultural distance on a statistically significant level following a cross-border M&A by developed market firms. The results hence indicate that the effect of cultural distance is greater for emerging market firms than developed market firms when engaging in cross-border M&As.

The thesis aims to investigate the role of human smuggling in migration, and specifically, the part played by the figure of the facilitators. The study was conducted through qualitative research based on semi-structured interviews: six people who reached Europe through the assistance of smugglers were interviewed in three different countries – Germany, Italy and Sweden. The data collected reflects the opinions, experiences, and the perspectives of the migrants. Accordingly, the data is interpreted through the Rational Choice Theory that focuses on the micro-level angle, and the concept of border which intends to research the phenomenon from a macro-level viewpoint. The findings revealed that smugglers play a crucial role in migration allowing the border-crossing for those migrants who do not have regular means to travel. I suggest that smugglers renegotiate the concept of border which becomes more fluid and permeable.

This dissertation identifies similarities in identity formation in literature from medieval Iberia and present-day Mexico and United States border literature. The development of a fronterizo hybrid culture is exemplified in the texts where cultural exchange is achieved in many of the daily interchanges between the inhabitants of these communities.With the application of multicultural studies that suggest attention to cultural diversity as well as postcolonial theory as my theoretical framework, it was clear that with prolonged contract between multiple cultures a hybrid identity is attained. The texts that exemplify hybridity in al-Andalus included various romances fronterizos, Historia de Flores y Blancaflor, and El Abencerraje. Through these relevant works I was able to detect different themes such as war practices, intermarriage, garden motifs, and knightly values that were shared by individuals and determined the construction of a hybrid identity. Language and customs were adopted and adapted in this space and the literature reflects this fact by an exchange of Arabic and Spanish language references that lead the reader to determine the construction of hybridity. Similarly, the fronterizo literature from contemporary Mexico and the United States border demonstrates the construction of a fronterizo identity. The texts of Carlos Fuentes’ La frontera de cristal (The Glass Border), Yuri Herrera’s Señales que precederán al fin del mundo (Signs that will precede the end of the world), Sandra Cisneros’s short story “Mericans”, Luis Humberto Crosthwaite’s Estrella de la calle sexta (The star of Sixth Street), and Elmer Mendoza with Cóbraselo caro (Make him pay dearly), are clear examples of identity formation on the border. As in the literature from medieval Iberia, the distinct language employed by frontier individuals confirms the fusion and creation of hybrity. I concluded that literature from borderlands no matter from which historical period, prove that with years of coexistence and exchange a hybrid fronterizo identity was developed that changed the landscape of this unique community. My research demonstrates how life on the border permits people to construct a culture that is enriched by multiple populations and can contribute to a new way of thinking. / Spanish

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