The work participation rate is one of the most important factors that affects the Canadian economy and early retirement can have an important negative impact on this rate. This paper focuses on differences in the preferences for the age of retirement of immigrants and Canadian-born workers. Based on a very large dataset from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), a probit model is used to estimate the probability of retirement for both immigrants and Canadian-born workers at different age ranges. The main results suggest that immigrants tend to retire at an older age than Canadian-born workers. This result is consistent with the first assumption that immigrants are willing to work longer to increase their CPP and their personal saving, and the second assumption that immigrants have a potential better health status, which could also lead to a later retirement.

Background: Ever since the Born Global phenomenon has emerged in the early 1990s, it has been investigated from various perspectives as for example from the network-based view. However, research has exclusively been done within this field at early stages of Born Globals’ internationalization. Therefore, there is a lack of understanding of how Born Global firms continue their operations after their initial internationalization. Research Question: How does networking influence a Born Global firm in order to continue its international growth? Purpose: The purpose with this study is to increase the understanding of how networking influences an already internationally established Born Global firm in order to continue its international growth. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework is divided into four different categories, namely Maintenance and Increase of Network, Personal and Inter-Organisational Network, The Strength of a Network Tie and Causation and Effectuation, which have been developed based on the literature review. At the end, the theoretical framework is summarized with a model indicating the categories’ influence on the continued international growth of Born Globals. Methodology: For this study a qualitative research method has been chosen where both secondary and primary data have been collected. A case study consisting of two Swedish companies has been conducted. Conclusions: This study shows that efficient and strategic networking is crucial for the continued international growth of Born Globals, which is supported by the establishment of routines and standardized criteria. It is of the highest importance to keep a close contact to customers and to preserve control over the network, which can be realized by having strong relationships to distributors or agents or by establishing own sales subsidiaries. Furthermore, it is noticeable that network relationships shift from a personal to a predominantly business-based character during the continued international growth of Born Globals. Managerial Implications: Managers should perceive networking as a crucial part of their firms’ continued international growth and implement networking in their overall internationalization strategy. Essential for a long-term success is to keep control over the increasing network and stay as close as possible to the increasing number of customers. Theoretical Implications: The findings of this study imply that the role of networking as well as the networks’ characteristics change over time during Born Globals’ continued international growth. Keywords: SMEs, Born Globals, Internationalization, Growth, Network

Under de senaste 20 åren har born global-företag, som fenomen, stått i rampljuset för forskning. Detta fenomen anses av vissa forskare strida mot tidigare kända internationaliseringsteorier. Uppsalamodellens förklaringsgrad för born global-företag har därmed blivit ifrågasatt. Frågeställningen som denna uppsats har som mål att förklara är om ett born global-företags internationalisering förklaras av Uppsalamodellen? Om inte, hur kan man utveckla Uppsalamodellen till att även inkludera born global-företag? För att undersöka forskningsfrågan har det genomförts en granskande litteraturgenomgång, en sammanställning av born global-företag samt en fallstudie. Litteraturgenomgången berör främst Uppsalamodellen och born global-forskning och visar på att det finns både likheter och skillnader mellan de två sidorna. Sammanställningen av born global-företag visar att fenomenet fortfarande är relativt ovanligt. Genom fallstudien har vi undersökt de påverkansfaktorer som belystes i litteraturgenomgången. Resultatet av granskningen visar att Uppsalamodellen fortfarande är aktuell men att förklaringsgraden skulle kunna stärkas genom att förtydliga interna och externa påverkansfaktorer.

Entreprenören visar sig genom tidigare studier vara en framgångsfaktor för Born global-företag. Med utgångspunkt i detta antagande undersöks på vilka olika sätt entreprenören bidrar till företags snabba internationalisering, genom att studera entreprenörens bakgrund, egenskaper och framtidsvisioner. Studien bygger på intervjuer med sex stycken entreprenörer, tillika grundare eller medgrundare av svenska företag som snabbt blivit globala. Studien visar att det finns både likheter och skillnader mellan entreprenörernas bakgrund, egenskaper och framtidsvisioner. Vidare visar resultatet att det mest utmärkande hos entreprenörerna som bidrar till den snabba internationaliseringen av Born globals är en stark drivkraft, viljan att uppfylla personliga motiv och förmågan att kunna tillvarata internationella affärsmöjligheter. Studien visar att antagandet om att entreprenören tycks vara en framgångsfaktor stämmer och vi har kommit fram till att det är viktigt att i detalj studera och analysera entreprenören för att förstå vad det är som frambringar fenomenet Born globals.

This thesis is about factors which aid and hinder successful completions for New Zealand-born Samoans. The thesis explores the proposition that educational marginalisation of minority students will be perpetuated until AUT adopts policies and procedures which enable culturally responsive educational pedagogies and practices which honour indigenous minorities. The thesis asked New Zealand-born Samoan students, what is the nature of their aiga (family) and cultural support frameworks (structures), and, further, to what extent and how and why do these students engage with such networks (processes)? This study used a qualitative approach within which six New Zealand-born Samoan students were interviewed using a semi-structured approach to gathering data. The interview data were transcribed and a thematic analysis was manually completed both within and across the six cases. The turnaround time in gaining ethics approval impacted upon the capacity of the investigator to conduct this research in what she considered to be a culturally appropriate manner and the cautious vigilance of the final ethics committee approval was perceived as a barrier to making culturally appropriate contact. It was discovered that Samoan structures, especially family, are paramount in supporting educational success because of the Fa’a Samoa processes which they engender. A further discovery was that New Zealand-born Samoans retain cultural affiliations so their lifestyle shows deep regard for Fa’a Samoa identity. Through these affiliations, meaningful life metaphors become applied. It was concluded that transforming staff so that they understand Pasifika peoples is crucial to growing Pasifika educational success. Staff development must, therefore, be planned so that meaningful understandings of Pasifika concepts and frameworks become nurtured and that is a challenge which AUT must embrace and action.

This thesis is about factors which aid and hinder successful completions for New Zealand-born Samoans. The thesis explores the proposition that educational marginalisation of minority students will be perpetuated until AUT adopts policies and procedures which enable culturally responsive educational pedagogies and practices which honour indigenous minorities. The thesis asked New Zealand-born Samoan students, what is the nature of their aiga (family) and cultural support frameworks (structures), and, further, to what extent and how and why do these students engage with such networks (processes)? This study used a qualitative approach within which six New Zealand-born Samoan students were interviewed using a semi-structured approach to gathering data. The interview data were transcribed and a thematic analysis was manually completed both within and across the six cases. The turnaround time in gaining ethics approval impacted upon the capacity of the investigator to conduct this research in what she considered to be a culturally appropriate manner and the cautious vigilance of the final ethics committee approval was perceived as a barrier to making culturally appropriate contact. It was discovered that Samoan structures, especially family, are paramount in supporting educational success because of the Fa’a Samoa processes which they engender. A further discovery was that New Zealand-born Samoans retain cultural affiliations so their lifestyle shows deep regard for Fa’a Samoa identity. Through these affiliations, meaningful life metaphors become applied. It was concluded that transforming staff so that they understand Pasifika peoples is crucial to growing Pasifika educational success. Staff development must, therefore, be planned so that meaningful understandings of Pasifika concepts and frameworks become nurtured and that is a challenge which AUT must embrace and action.

Thesis (M.S. in Physics)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008. / Thesis Advisor(s): Borden, Brett. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 29, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-84). Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Chemistry, August 1999. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 214-218). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.