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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Ultracold Rydberg Atoms in Structured and Disordered Environments

Liu, Ivan Chen-Hsiu 03 November 2008 (has links)
The properties of a Rydberg atom immersed in an ultracold environment were investigated. Two scenarios were considered, one of which involves the neighbouring ground-state atoms arranged in a spatially structured configuration, while the other involves them distributed randomly in space. To calculate the influence of the multiple ground-state atoms on the Rydberg atom, Fermi-pseudopotential was used, which simplified greatly the numerical effort. In many cases, the few-body interaction can be written down analytically which reveals the symmetry properties of the system. In the structured case, we report the first prediction of the formation of ``Rydberg Borromean trimers''. The few-body interactions and the dynamics of the linear A-B-A trimer, where A is the ground-state atom and B is the Rydberg atom, were investigated in the framework of normal mode analysis. This exotic ultralong-range triatomic bound state exists despite that the Rydberg-ground-state interaction is repulsive. Their lifetimes were estimated using both quantum scattering calculations and semi-classical approximations which are found to be typically sub-microseconds. In the disordered case, the Rydberg-excitation spectra of a frozen-gas were simulated, where the nuclear degrees of freedom can be ignored. The systematic change of the spectral shape with respect to the density of the gas and the excitation of the Rydberg atom were found and studied. Some parts of the spectral shape can be described by simple scaling laws with exponents given by the basic properties of the atomic species such as the polarizability and the zero-energy electron-atom scattering length.
12

"Eu vinha rodando pela rua": que ponto de ancoragem para o sujeito adolescente em situação de rua?

Paula Cristina Monteiro de Barros 01 December 2015 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os meninos de rua constituem uma problemática que denuncia a exclusão social de crianças e adolescentes, os quais vagueiam pelas ruas, numa trajetória em que prevalecem a transgressão, a violência, a destruição de si e do outro, por meio dos quais o sujeito insiste em existir para o Outro. Esta tese resulta das inquietações de uma prática clínico-institucional e visou a analisar o que pode indicar uma ancoragem e enodamento na errância do sujeito adolescente em situação de rua a partir dos traços que o singularizam e o destacam do universo meninos de rua. Sustentamos a hipótese de que a errância, apesar da degradação subjetiva e da radical expulsão, pode constituir um movimento de vida e resistência, uma tomada de posição do sujeito. Baseando-se na proposição psicanalítica do Traço do Caso, a pesquisa foi norteada pela construção de dois casos clínicos, a partir do que fez tropeço na intervenção e de seus efeitos na escuta. À luz da Aufhebung freudiana e da topologia lacaniana do nó borromeu, destacamos uma realidade marcada por um esgarçamento do tempo e do espaço, uma diluição das fronteiras, uma prevalência do Real. A proposição de uma clínica borromeana situa a instituição como referente simbólico; suplência que opera, no recurso à palavra, reparos nos lapsos do nó. Trata-se de uma construção do adolescente e da instituição que transgride o instituído da exclusão, do saber, das práticas sedimentadas, buscando, num ato inventivo e de autoria do sujeito, uma ultrapassagem da marca da exclusão para a rasura de um traço, por meio de uma nominação simbólica; um entre que enoda e faz laço social; um ponto de ancoragem para quem vinha rodando pela rua. / The presence of "street kids" denounces the social exclusion of children and adolescents that wander the streets, in a trajectory that prevails transgression, violence, destructivity, through which the subject persists to exist for the Other. This thesis is a result of questionings from a clinical practice in an institution. This thesis envisions to analyze what could be related to an anchorage and enlacing in the wander of homeless adolescents, based on the traces that make them unique and detached from the universe of street kids. We propose the hypothesis that the wander, regardless of the subjective degradation and the expulsion, could constitute a movement of life and resistance, an emergence of the subject. Based on the psychoanalytic Trace of the Case, this research was guided by two clinical cases, from what constituted an interventions stumble and its effects in the listening process. Guided by the Freudian Aufhebung and the Lacanian borromean knot, we highlight a reality characterized by the fraying of time and space, a dilution of boundaries, a prevalence of the Real. The proposition of a borromean clinic places the institution as a symbolic reference; a substitute that functions, utilizing the word as a resource, as a repair to the lapses of the knot. This is about a construction that transgresses what is institutionalized about exclusion, knowledge, and established clinical practice. It aims, through an inventive act, a trajectory from the wound of the exclusion to the draft of a trace, through a symbolic nomination; a between space that promotes the knot and the social engagement; a source of anchorage for whom used to go rolling through the street.
13

Equivariance et invariants de type fini en dimension trois / Equivariance and finite type invariants in dimension 3

Moussard, Delphine 30 November 2012 (has links)
Cette thèse a pour objet l'étude des invariants de type fini des sphères d'homologie rationnelle de dimension 3, et des nœuds homologiquement triviaux dans ces sphères. Les principaux résultats sont présentés dans le chapitre 2. Ils sont démontrés dans les chapitres 3 à 6. Le chapitre 3 est un article intitulé ``Finite type invariants of rational homology 3-spheres'', à paraître dans Algebraic & Geometric Topology. Il décrit le gradué associé à la filtration de l'espace vectoriel rationnel engendré par les sphères d'homologie rationnelle, définie par les chirurgies rationnelles préservant le lagrangien. Le chapitre 4 est un article intitulé ``On Alexander modules and Blanchfield forms of null-homologous knots in rational homology spheres'', publié dans Journal of Knot Theory and its Ramifications. Il contient la classification des modules d'Alexander des nœuds homologiquement triviaux dans les sphères d'homologie rationnelle, et une étude des formes de Blanchfield définies sur ces modules. Dans la suite, on considère les paires (M,K) formées d'une sphère d'homologie rationnelle M et d'un nœud K homologiquement trivial dans M. Dans le chapitre 5, on montre que deux telles paires ont des modules d'Alexander rationnels munis de leurs formes de Blanchfield isomorphes si et seulement si elles s'obtiennent l'une de l'autre par une suite finie de chirurgies rationnelles nulles préservant le lagrangien, c'est-à-dire effectuées sur des corps en anses d'homologie rationnelle homologiquement triviaux dans le complémentaire du nœud. Dans le chapitre 6, on étudie le gradué associé à la filtration de l'espace vectoriel rationnel engendré par les paires (M,K) définie par les chirurgies rationnelles nulles préservant le lagrangien. Ces deux derniers chapitres comportent des travaux en progrès. / This thesis contains a study of finite type invariants of rational homology 3-spheres, and of null-homologous knots in these spheres. The main results are described in Chapter 2, and proved in Chapters 3 to 6. Chapter 3 is an article entitled ``Finite type invariants of rational homology 3-spheres'', to appear in Algebraic & Geometric Topology. In this article, we describe the graded space associated with the filtration of the rational vector space generated by rational homology spheres, defined by rational Lagrangian-preserving surgeries. Chapter 4 is an article entitled ``On Alexander modules and Blanchfield forms of null-homologous knots in rational homology spheres'', published in Journal of Knot Theory and its Ramifications. It contains the classification of the Alexander modules of null-homologous knots in rational homology spheres, and a study of the Blanchfield forms defined on these modules. In the sequel, we consider pairs (M,K) made of a rational homology sphere M and a null-homologous knot K in M. In Chapter 5, we prove that two such pairs have isomorphic rational Alexander modules endowed with their Blanchfield forms if and only if they can be obtained from one another by a finite sequence of null rational Lagrangian-preserving surgeries, i.e. Lagrangian-preserving surgeries performed on rational homology handlebodies homologically trivial in the complement of the knot. In Chapter 6, we study the graded space associated with the filtration of the rational vector space generated by pairs (M,K) defined by null rational Lagrangian-preserving surgeries. These last two chapters contain work in progress.
14

"Eu vinha rodando pela rua": que ponto de ancoragem para o sujeito adolescente em situação de rua?

Barros, Paula Cristina Monteiro de 01 December 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:29:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 paula_cristina_monteiro_barros.pdf: 2055403 bytes, checksum: 3c7f35ad65bc4a12df93679e44163bf6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The presence of "street kids" denounces the social exclusion of children and adolescents that wander the streets, in a trajectory that prevails transgression, violence, destructivity, through which the subject persists to exist for the Other. This thesis is a result of questionings from a clinical practice in an institution. This thesis envisions to analyze what could be related to an anchorage and enlacing in the wander of homeless adolescents, based on the traces that make them unique and detached from the universe of street kids . We propose the hypothesis that the wander, regardless of the subjective degradation and the expulsion, could constitute a movement of life and resistance, an emergence of the subject. Based on the psychoanalytic Trace of the Case, this research was guided by two clinical cases, from what constituted an intervention s stumble and its effects in the listening process. Guided by the Freudian Aufhebung and the Lacanian borromean knot, we highlight a reality characterized by the fraying of time and space, a dilution of boundaries, a prevalence of the Real. The proposition of a borromean clinic places the institution as a symbolic reference; a substitute that functions, utilizing the word as a resource, as a repair to the lapses of the knot. This is about a construction that transgresses what is institutionalized about exclusion, knowledge, and established clinical practice. It aims, through an inventive act, a trajectory from the wound of the exclusion to the draft of a trace, through a symbolic nomination; a between space that promotes the knot and the social engagement; a source of anchorage for whom used to go rolling through the street . / Os meninos de rua constituem uma problemática que denuncia a exclusão social de crianças e adolescentes, os quais vagueiam pelas ruas, numa trajetória em que prevalecem a transgressão, a violência, a destruição de si e do outro, por meio dos quais o sujeito insiste em existir para o Outro. Esta tese resulta das inquietações de uma prática clínico-institucional e visou a analisar o que pode indicar uma ancoragem e enodamento na errância do sujeito adolescente em situação de rua a partir dos traços que o singularizam e o destacam do universo meninos de rua . Sustentamos a hipótese de que a errância, apesar da degradação subjetiva e da radical expulsão, pode constituir um movimento de vida e resistência, uma tomada de posição do sujeito. Baseando-se na proposição psicanalítica do Traço do Caso, a pesquisa foi norteada pela construção de dois casos clínicos, a partir do que fez tropeço na intervenção e de seus efeitos na escuta. À luz da Aufhebung freudiana e da topologia lacaniana do nó borromeu, destacamos uma realidade marcada por um esgarçamento do tempo e do espaço, uma diluição das fronteiras, uma prevalência do Real. A proposição de uma clínica borromeana situa a instituição como referente simbólico; suplência que opera, no recurso à palavra, reparos nos lapsos do nó. Trata-se de uma construção do adolescente e da instituição que transgride o instituído da exclusão, do saber, das práticas sedimentadas, buscando, num ato inventivo e de autoria do sujeito, uma ultrapassagem da marca da exclusão para a rasura de um traço, por meio de uma nominação simbólica; um entre que enoda e faz laço social; um ponto de ancoragem para quem vinha rodando pela rua .
15

[en] LIQUID NODE: FROM THE SUBVERSION OF THE SUBJECT TO THE SUBVERSION OF THE POLITICS / [pt] NÓ LÍQUIDO: DA SUBVERSÃO DO SUJEITO À SUBVERSÃO DA POLÍTICA

MARIANA ADAO DA SILVA 20 March 2020 (has links)
[pt] Esta dissertação propõe uma leitura da especificidade do laço social na atualidade, assim como propõe uma maneira como, a partir deste laço, poderia ser decantada uma política contemporânea. Para esta costura, uma leitura do sociólogo Zygmunt Bauman fornece balizas para delimitarmos o estado atual do laço social. Em seguida, algumas das perspectivas de Sigmund Freud, com relação ao social e aos modos de organização grupal, especialmente quanto ao lugar que estes dão ao líder, são contrapostas à descrição de Bauman. Jorge Alemán e Ernesto Laclau trazem, então, elementos para a aplicação de conceitos desenvolvidos por Jacques Lacan, a partir de Freud, ao momento político atual, especialmente no que concerne às concepções de solidão comum, significante vazio e ato instituinte. Por fim, os conceitos lacanianos de nó borromeano e sinthome são examinados para localizar em que se apoiam os conceitos de Alemán e Laclau, com referência ao ensino de Lacan. Amarra-se, assim, nossa dissertação, propondo alguma orientação dentro do campo demarcado. / [en] This dissertation proposes a reading of the specificity of the social tie in the present time, as well as proposes a way where, from this tie, a contemporary politics could be decanted. For this seam, a reading by sociologist Zygmunt Bauman provides reading beacons for delimiting the current state of the social tie. Next, some of Freud s perspectives on the social and modes of group organization, especially as to the place they give to the leader, are opposed to Bauman s description. Jorge Alemán and Ernesto Laclau bring elements for the application of concepts developed by Jacques Lacan from Freud s work to the present political moment, especially in what concerns his conceptions of common solitude, empty signifier and institute act. Finally, the Lacanian concepts of the Borromean node and sinthome are examined with the objective of locating in which the concepts of Alemán and Laclau are supported in the teaching of Lacan. Thus, our dissertation is tied, proposing some orientation within the demarcated field.

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