Zugl.: Göttingen, Universiẗat, Diss., 2002.

Hohenheim, Univ., Diss., 2005.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2002--Essen.

Växter som kan nyttjas till vår fördel har utvecklats under en lång tid. Från bondestenåldern när kontrollen över skörden växer fram till att mer avancerade trädgårdar med kulturreliktväxter blomstrar upp i 1800-talets bondesamhälle. Syftet med arbetet är att jämföra kulturreliktväxter på torp och gårdslämningar i Hässleholms kommun. Även data från tidigare studier användes för att undersöka skillnaden mellan gårdar och torp samt undersöka om övergivnadsåret påverkar antalet kulturväxter som finns kvar. Övergivna gårdar hyste fler kulturväxter än övergivna torp och gårdarna hade fler träd och buskar än torpen. Torparen ville troligtvis ha växter med snabb avkastning och hade varken råd eller tid med prydnadsbuskar eller att plantera fruktträd som behöver flera år på sig att ge frukt. Övergivnadsåret påverkar inte artantalet och kanske att markanvändningen av platsen spelar en större roll än övergivnadsåret. Vi tycker att det gröna kulturarvet behövs lyftas fram tydligare då bevarandet av kulturväxter och deras historia är viktig.

Alpine plants are assumed to be in particular danger as the climate changes rapidly worldwide. Specialist alpine species in Norrbotten County, northern Sweden have been surveyed over the last 20 years, providing insight to population dynamics and how the plants might respond to the changing climate. The main current threat to the species is habitat destruction as the climate changes. Variation in the number of plants among populations and years, and correlations with environmental variables were examined. Some species had increased while others had decreased over the years. No uniform relationship for all species and populations were discovered, but some of the species exhibited relationships between population size changes and temperature and precipitation. However, if the future climate in Norrbotten County changes according to the predictions, the habitats of the specialist alpine plants may be severely altered, leaving the species with no alternative places to establish and grow.

Oats (Avena sativa) have been one of the most important cereals in Swedish crop history, completely dominating domestic cereal production in the 19th and early 20th centuries. During this time, oats were mainly used as horse feed and since then, production has decreased with decreased use of horses. Oats have recently been rediscovered as a source of plant-based protein with several health benefits, and due to the low environmental requirements and effectiveness in cereal crop rotation, oats are yet again increasing in popularity. For future development of oat cultivars, insight into oat genetics and genomic history of oats is required. In this study, 84 archeological oat grains (1440-1766 AD) originating from desiccated and waterlogged sources in southern Sweden were analyzed to understand their genetic history. Next generation sequencing (NGS) of extracted DNA from individual grains revealed that the samples had varying oat alignment success, ranging from 0.01 - 34.38% (average: 9.00%). Through metagenomic analysis, it was concluded that, even though a large part of the acquired reads were bacterial, the endogenous oat content was enough to enable deeper bioinformatic analysis. Through Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) genotyping, the genetic and geographic structuring was investigated by comparison with 343 previously genotyped 19th century oat landrace grains. Results showed that ancient landraces share genetic similarity with historical landraces and modern improved cultivars, implying that the with the introduction of improved cultivars, they were incorporated into ancient landraces, possibly to increase local adaptation. The analyses revealed a large within-accession variation in all results. An attempt was made to understand the source of this variation, but no pre-extraction parameters that increase sample success were distinguishable. With this study, it was shown that genotyping, sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of ancient oat samples is possible, and can be used to understand oat genetic history.

Impatiens glandulifera is an invasive species throughout Europe. It was introduced to the wild in 1918 by escape from private gardens as well as the transport of garden soil and waste. Impatiens glandulifera prefers moist soils with moderate shade and commonly grows in riparian environments. In the Umeå municipality in northern Sweden, where this study is focused, the number of Himalayan balsam observations has dramatically increased over the last few years. This study aimed to determine habitat and anthropogenic land-use factors that may have contributed to the spread of Himalayan balsam in the Umeå municipality. This was done by using data on recorded observations of the species in a database called Artportalen. In order to determine how abundant and in which habitats Himalayan balsam occurs in the Umeå municipality, data on recorded observations in Artportalen from the Umeå municipality region for the period 01-01-2021 to 31-12-2021 was used along with maps from Google Earth Pro and Google maps. It was found that Himalayan balsam is now common in the region and does not show a definitive preference for riparian habitats or for forest or open areas in the Umeå municipality. Human activities seemed to be the main contributor to the spread of Himalayan balsam in the Umeå municipality.

Alpine plants are assumed to be in particular danger as the climate changes rapidly worldwide. Specialist alpine species in Norrbotten County, northern Sweden have been surveyed over the last 20 years, providing insight to population dynamics and how the plants might respond to the changing climate. The main current threat to the species is habitat destruction as the climate changes. Variation in the number of plants among populations and years, and correlations with environmental variables were examined. Some species had increased while others had decreased over the years. No uniform relationship for all species and populations were discovered, but some of the species exhibited relationships between population size changes and temperature and precipitation. However, if the future climate in Norrbotten County changes according to the predictions, the habitats of the specialist alpine plants may be severely altered, leaving the species with no alternative places to establish and grow.

Denna studie utgår från fenomenet plant blindness och hur det kan förebyggas med hjälp av undervisning om växter. Studien undersöker vilka kritiska aspekter elever i förskoleklassen måste urskilja för att lära sig se skillnader mellan olika växtarter. De frågeställningar som besvarades var vilka kritiska aspekter eleverna behövde urskilja för att se skillnad på gran och tall, hur undervisningen kan utformas för att eleverna ska på syn på dessa kritiska aspekter, samt vilka sorter växter elever i förskoleklassen kan berätta om. För att svara på detta har jag genomfört lektioner och intervjuer med elever i förskoleklass. Studien utgick från variationsteori och sociokulturell teori. Genom att använda och rikta elevernas uppmärksamhet mot variationsmönstret kontrastering kunde eleverna urskilja skillnaden mellan kottarna och barrens längd, kottens struktur samt hur barren sitter fast på grenen. Eleverna i förskoleklassen kunde berätta om två olika kategorier av växter, växter i hemmet/ätbara växter samt vanligt förekommande växter. Dessa resultat visar hur variationsteori kan användas i undervisning om växter i förskoleklassen.

With a warming climate and the usage of monocultures in food production it is possible we may face more issues concerning food insecurity in the future as pollinators struggle to find food in agricultural landscapes. Therefore, it is of value to know whether common agricultural weeds are important sources of food for pollinators. Pollinators are vital in the growing of food-crops and may depend on different agricultural weeds during their flying season. This study is based on observational citizen science data on the flowering of 24 agricultural weeds classified as useful to pollinators in the years 2008-2022. Data on first flowering and length of flowering was compared between life history classifications based on life span and time of germination. The results showed that while there is variation both between groups and within groups among the selected species, summer annuals are among the last to start flowering. Species classed as “summer and winter annuals”, i.e that can germinate either in spring or autumn, had a longer flowering period than the other classes. Winter annuals were first to flower while the perennials and “summer and winter annuals” differed more among each other. Weather dependency was also addressed by comparison over years. Overall, the selected species were not significantly affected by mean winter temperature, mean summer temperature or mean summer precipitation.