The main aim of this master's thesis is to describe the subject of the implementation of decision boundaries with the help of artificial neural networks. The objective is to present theoretical knowledge concerning this field and on practical examples prove these statements. The work contains basic theoretical description of the field of pattern recognition and the field of feature based representation of objects. A classificator working on the basis of Bayes decision is presented in this part, and other types of classificators are named as well. The work then deals with artificial neural networks in more detail; it contains a theoretical description of their function and their abilities in the creation of decision boundaries in the feature plane. Examples are shown from literature for the use of neural networks in corresponding problems. As part of this work, the program ANN-DeBC was created using Matlab, for the generation of practical results about the usage of feed-forward neural networks for the implementation of decision boundaries. The work contains a detailed description of this program, and the achieved results are presented and analyzed. It is shown as well, how artificial neural networks are creating decision boundaries in the form of geometrical shapes. The effects of the chosen topology of the neural network and the number of training samples on the success of the classification are observed, and the minimal values of these parameters are determined for the successful creation of decision boundaries at the individual examples. Furthermore, it's presented how the neural networks behave at the classification of realistically distributed training samples, and what methods can affect the shape of the created decision boundaries.

The migration of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans- and queer (LGBTQ) people from Central America to or through Mexico has increased in recent years. People are leaving spaces of violence and exclusion related to their sexual and/or gender identity and search conditions for a livable life. Yet, the migration implies an exposure to different sorts of violence, wherefore this thesis explores how the vulnerability of Central American queer people is (re)produced in a situation of human mobility in Mexico. Further, the thesis examines how protection is made (im)possible for the LGBTQ community in religious shelters. The research is based on qualitative research and thirteen semi-structured interviews, carried out in Mexico in 2020, with representatives from shelters, universities and civil society organizations working with migrants and LGBTQ people.   Queer people are disproportionally exposed to vulnerability in Mexico and migrating does not necessary imply that life becomes livable. Since their lives are likely to be understood as ungrievable lives by the heteronormative society, the violence and the exposure to vulnerability of this populations becomes largely invisible. Thus, religious shelters both include and exclude LGBTQ people, depending on how they imagine boundaries.

Depuis une dizaine d’années, le modèle de l’innovation ouverte théorisé par Henry W. Chesbrough se diffuse dans les sphères universitaires, praticiennes et politiques. Défini au début des années 2000, ce modèle décrit l’innovation comme le fruit de pratiques d’ouverture des frontières des firmes pour capter des ressources externes afin d’accélérer l’innovation interne d’une part (innovation entrante), et laisser des connaissances internes trouver un usage d’innovation externe d’autre part (innovation sortante). En France, les pouvoirs publics se sont saisis progressivement de ce modèle en promouvant des dispositifs de « clustering » à l’instar de la politique des pôles de compétitivité. Plus récemment, des nouveaux acteurs et des nouveaux espaces dédiés à l’innovation ouverte se développent comme les tiers-lieux (les espaces de « coworking », les « livinglabs », « Fablabs », les incubateurs, les accélérateurs). Le modèle de l’open innovation se diffuse et chaque acteur, du particulier au grand groupe, en passant par les laboratoires de recherche et les universités, est convié à entrer dans ces nouveaux cadres de coopération pour l’innovation.Si le modèle améliore la compréhension de la complexité du modèle de l’innovation en traduisant son caractère collectif et itératif, il est plus difficile d’en apprécier les incidences sur l’organisation interne de l’entreprise et notamment sur ses ressources humaines. Or, celles-ci sont au cœur du processus d’innovation ouverte, elles en sont même le premier levier. L’innovation ouverte est le fruit de communautés de travailleurs qui se constituent et agissent hors du cadre strict de l’entreprise.Notre thèse contribue à compléter le modèle de l’innovation ouverte en s’intéressant à ses impacts sur la gestion des ressources humaines. L’innovation ouverte confronte la gestion des ressources humaines des entreprises à un paradoxe : comment gérer des ressources humaines qui dépassent les frontières de la firme ? Grâce à une recherche-intervention menée dans le cadre d’une thèse en convention CIFRE, nous étudions les pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines mises en œuvre dans le contexte de projets innovants collaboratifs menés dans des pôles de compétitivité. Nos analyses permettent d’identifier les impacts de l’innovation ouverte sur l’organisation du travail, le management, la gestion des emplois et des compétences. Nos travaux montrent que si les impacts de l’innovation ouverte sur ces champs sont réels, les pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines des firmes peinent à s’adapter à ce nouveau contexte. Notre thèse analyse des dispositifs pouvant apporter des solutions aux situations de travail nouvelles créées par l’open innovation. / During the last decade, the open innovation model from Henry W. Chesbrough spread within academic, managerial and political spheres. Defined in the early 2000s, this model describes innovation as the result of the opening of firm’s boundaries to capture external resources and accelerate internal innovation (outside-in) on the one hand, and allow internal knowledge find an external use (inside-out) on the other hand.In France, public authorities progressively seized the « open innovation » model through « clustering » policies, like competitiveness clusters. More recently new actors and new spaces dedicated to open innovation are promoting themselves as third-places (coworking spaces, Livinglabs, Fablabs, business incubators, accelerators). Open innovation is spreading and each actor, from private individual to the largest companies, including research labs and universities, is invited to participate in these new innovation and cooperation frames. Even though the model displays a good understanding of the innovation model complexity, with its collective and iterative nature, it is hard to apprehend its impact on the firm’s internal organization, especially from a human resource perspective. Yet these impacts are at the core of the open innovation process, and even its first lever. Open innovation is the result of communities of workers who form and act out of the strict company frame.This thesis is contributing to the fulfillment of the open innovation model through a focus on its impact on the human resource management. Open innovation confronts human resource management of companies to a paradox: how to manage human resources beyond the boundaries of the firm? Thanks to intervention-research carried out within the frame of a CIFRE industrial research agreement, we study human resource management practices, implemented in the context of collaborative innovative projects in competitiveness clusters. Our analyses identify the impacts of open innovation on work organizations, people, skills and staff management. Our work shows the real impact of open innovation on these fields and also proves that firms labor to adapt those human resource management practices in this new context. Our thesis analyses possible arrangements which brings solutions to the new work situations resulting from open innovation.

My thesis focuses on the problems of ecotourism, or more precisely its borders from an anthropological perspective, using example of a typical Cambodian community named Chambok. Based on five months of research, together with ethnographic methods of research I found out that boundaries of ecotourism are complex, multi-layered, problematic and negotiated and also that there are so called "grey zones" encompassing them. It is the conceptualization of these zones and boundaries, which is my contribution to current anthropological debate about ecotourism, which has been largely left out until now.

In this work, electrical transport properties and the maximum current carrying capability of YBa2Cu3O7-[delta] thin films and so called quasi-multilayers are investigated. These samples are prepared with pulsed laser deposition on single-crystalline substrates (SrTiO3) as well as on biaxially textured Ni tapes. The critical current density of coated conductors is limited by small-angle grain boundaries in low magnetic fields, but by the intra-grain pinning properties in higher magnetic fields. Accordingly, these investigations are divided into two parts: In the first part, the limitation of the critical current density by grain-boundaries and grain boundary networks is investigated with the main focus on the influence of geometrical factors such as the conductor width or the grain aspect ratio. In the second part, a possible enhancement of the critical current density due to different doping types (atomar doping using Zn and precipitate doping using BaMO3 where M is a transition metal) will be discussed. Here, not only the irreversibility field but also the pinning behaviour in very low magnetic fields is of interest to better understand the pinning mechanism of thin films. / In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden elektrische Transporteigenschaften und die maximale Stromtragfähigkeit von YBa2Cu3O7-[delta]-Dünnschichten und -Schichtsystemen, die mit Hilfe der gepulsten Laserdeposition sowohl auf einkristallinem Substrat, SrTiO3, als auch auf biaxial texturierten Ni-Bändern deponiert wurden, untersucht. Da in kleinen Magnetfeldern Kleinwinkelkorngrenzen die kritische Stromdichte in Bandleitern begrenzen, in höheren jedoch die Pinningeigenschaften der Körner, gliedern sich diese Untersuchungen in zwei Teile: Im ersten wird die Limitierung der kritischen Stromdichte jc durch Korngrenzen und Korngrenzennetzwerke näher untersucht, wobei besonders Geometrieeinflüsse, wie die Leiterbahnbreite oder das Aspektverhältnis der Körner, interessieren. Im zweiten wird eine mögliche Erhöhung der kritischen Stromdichte durch verschiedene Dotierungen (atomare Dotierung: Zn, Ausscheidungsdotierung: BaMO3, M Metall) erörtert. Dabei ist nicht nur das Irreversibilitätsfeld interessant, sondern auch das Pinningverhalten in sehr kleinen Magnetfeldern, da so die Pinningmechanismen in Dünnschichten besser verstanden werden können.

Melting and melt segregation are key processes in the geochemical evolution of the Earth. However, mechanism and time scale of melt transport from the source to the surface are still not well understood and are dependent on the grain-scale distribution of melt. A related question is the retention of melt in partially molten regions of the Earths upper mantle. Seismic observations from mid-ocean ridges (MOR) and subduction zones are interpreted to show in-situ melt contents up to 3%, while geochemical observations from MOR basalts are inferred to indicate very efficient extraction of melt (porosities of order 0.1%). Earlier theoretical models of the melt distribution were based on the balance of surface tension between melt and uniform crystalline grains, predicting a simple net- work of melt along three-grain edges. Analyses of experimentally produced samples of olivine and basaltic melt show that the melt geometry is much more complex, and includes wetted two-grain boundaries. I reconstructed the melt geometry of two experimentally produced samples by serial sectioning and 3-D rendering of the pore geometry which demonstrates for the first time that melt exists in thin layers on two-grain boundaries. This confirms the inferences from previous 2-D observations and has significant implications for physical properties of partially molten regions, for example seismic velocities and attenuation. The wetted two-grain boundaries are inferred to be a consequence of continuous grain growth. Due to the complexity of the 3-D melt geometry the perme- ability of partially molten rocks can not be predicted from simple models. I therefore investigated the permeability as a function of porosity for both synthetic and ex- perimentally determined pore geometries using a lattice-Boltzmann method. The calculated permeability is not a simple function of porosity, but increases rapidly at a critical fraction of wetted two-grain boundaries. In order to extrapolate the experimentally based findings to grain sizes expected in natural rocks I examined the geometry of secondary phases inferred to represent relict melt in mantle peridotites from the Krivaja massif in Bosnia. These findings corroborate the experimental observations of wetted two-grain boundaries.

Tourism is not only one of the world's fastest growing industries but also verycompetitive. To be able to run a competitive and attractive tourist destination, itis extremely important that the cooperation between all actors works. Manyresearchers claim that a functioning destination management is the cornerstoneof a successful and sustainable tourist destination. However, this cooperationbetween different actors, whether it is the private or the official sector can bemore difficult if a destination is divided by administrative boundaries. As many tourist destinations around the world are divided by administrativeboundaries, it is important to gain a better understanding of how theseadministrative areas and borders can affect tourism planning and destinationdevelopment. Already in the 20th century, researchers recognized thatcooperation between different municipal levels is of great importance, as this isthe only way to achieve a competitive tourist destination. Now that tourism is oneof the world's fastest growing industries and often also people's only source ofincome, it is even more important that the collaboration between different actorswithin a destination works. Collaboration is the foundation of a long-termattractive and competitive tourist destination.Despite a well-functioning destination management, this does not mean thateverything works as it should. Tourism is a complex phenomenon that requiressignificantly more understanding than just a functioning destination management.Tourism is part of an entire form of society that requires a deep understanding,which many actors often fail to do.

The work presented in this master thesis deal with the issue of quenching, investigation regarding different cooling rates and its effect on the material properties of aluminum alloy in the 6xxx series used for crash purposes in cars, such as crash boxes, beams and other crash relevant parts. Precipitation of Mg2Si due to different cooling rates affects the material properties such as crash performance, thus the aluminum alloy used is sensitive to different cooling rates. In order to perform tests with different cooling rates a cooling rig was constructed. In order to evaluate the different cooling rates both mechanical testing such as tensile test and 3-point bending test and compression test were performed. Also analyses with scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy were performed to estimate grain boundary decoration of Mg2Si due to the different cooling rates. Furthermore LOM analyses were performed to evaluate if the experimental setup had any effect on material properties such as grain size. The constructed cooling rig produced different cooling rates with reliable repeatability as intended. Cooling rates between 130 ̊C/s and 20 ̊C/s were accomplished. Mg2Si occurred in all investigated test samples with various amounts. Higher cooling rates decreases the precipitation of Mg2Si to the grain boundaries, higher cooling rates also increased the bending angle achieved from the 3-point bending test. Furthermore, extensive solution heat treatment at elevated temperatures leads to grain growth.

For a prolonged period of time, corporations and society have been out of synergy. There are many industries that have contributed to our environmental problems, but the fashion industry has been very active in contributing to the negative climate change, particularly the value chain. There is an eminent need for change, regarding how fashion companies operate and how consumers choose to consume. Creating Shared Value has emerged in recent years, answering societal and environmental issues, but the concept is still very nebulous and a relatively new concept. Throughout this thesis, the purpose was to examine if or how Swedish fashion companies create shared value and how CSV initiatives can contribute to sustainable value chains within the Swedish fashion industry.  The qualitative research strategy has been implemented throughout the thesis. This decision was made in order to successfully create a rich primary data collection so that a deep analysis could be conducted in relation to the literature review. The results and conclusion of this thesis is that Swedish fashion companies create shared value subconsciously, some of the participating companies do it more than others. The results suggest that CSV initiatives can contribute to increasingly sustainable value chains for the various companies, but that there are also several boundaries and opportunities along the way. There is a further need of more research regarding the concept of CSV, especially in the fashion industry.

Idéburet offentligt partnerskap (IOP) togs fram av intresseorganisationen Forum - idéburna organisationer med social inriktning 2010 som en partnerskapsmodell mellan idéburen ochoffentlig sektor. Partnerskapsmodellen bygger på en idé kring ömsesidig samverkan mellan den idéburna och offentliga organisationen. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utveckla forskningen kring relationen mellan de idéburna och offentliga aktörerna inom IOP. Forskningen kring denna partnerskapsrelation har hittills baserats på ett enskilt fall och har fokuserat på relationen i förhållande till upphandling. I uppsatsen undersöks relationen utifrån de teoretiska infallsvinklarna: institutionella logiker, makt och gränser, vilka har visat sig relevanta i samband med insamlingen av det empiriska materialet. Uppsatsen ämnar bidra till att utveckla en djupare förståelse för den specifika partnerskapsrelation som uppstår inom IOP och besvara frågeställningen hur samverkan mellan idéburna och offentliga aktörer möjliggörs ur ett relationellt perspektiv inom idéburet offentligt partnerskap. Resultatet i uppsatsen visar på att i den idéburna-offentliga relationen inom IOP-samverkan uppstår ett gränsland där det finns utrymme för samverkan och dialog kring målgruppen och verksamheten men även runt själva IOP-avtalet, som i sig utgör ett gränsobjekt som främjar gemensamt handlande. / Civil Society Public Partnership (CPP) was developed by Forum - idea-based organisations with a social focus in 2010 as a partnership model between the idea-based and the public sector.The partnership model is based on an idea of mutual collaboration between the idea-driven and public organization. The purpose of the thesis is to develop research on the relationship between the idea-driven and public actors within CPP. The research on this partnership relationship has so far been based on an individual case and has focused on the relationship in relation to procurement. The thesis examines the relationship based on the theoretical approaches: institutional logics, power and boundaries, which have proved relevant in connection with the collection of the empirical material. The thesis aims to help develop a deeper understanding of the specific partnership relationship that arises within CPP and answer the question of how collaboration between idea-driven and public actors is made possible from a relational perspective within idea-based public partnership. The results of the thesis show that in the idea driven public relationship within CPP collaboration, a borderland arises where there is room for collaboration and dialogue around the target group and the activity but also around the CPP agreement itself, which in itself constitutes a border object that promotes joint action.