Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a memória coletiva e a etnicidade da comunidade distrital de Vila Seca, incluída em situação rural, localizada nos Campos de Cima da Serra da Encosta Superior do Nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul, no município de Caxias do Sul. Na última década, esta localidade mostra-se palco da instalação de uma barragem para fins de captação de água potável à população de Caxias do Sul. Em meio a um contexto de limitações de usos do solo da região, moradores buscam formas de potencializar recursos materiais e simbólicos para a comunidade. Convém destacar que a localidade foi perpassada por atividades tropeiras em finais do século XIX e meados do século XX, o que lhe conferiu a caracterização de pouso a tropeiros. Por parte dos moradores do distrito de Vila Seca, compreende-se que sua identidade étnica originou-se de populações imigrantes luso-açorianas, diferenciando-se, assim, da identidade majoritária de seu município, conhecida pela sua italianidade. Nesse contexto, observa-se uma organização social responsável pela manutenção das fronteiras étnicas e realce de sinais diacríticos, em um processo contínuo de dicotomização entre o “Nós” em oposição a “Eles”. Evidenciam-se por parte da comunidade momentos de efervescência coletiva, relacionados às festas distritais. Nas festividades, demonstram-se tanto a religiosidade da comunidade na devoção ao Divino Espírito Santo quanto o cultivo dos hábitos de homem do campo. / This thesis aims to analyze the collective memory and ethnicity of the community in the district of Vila Seca, which is located in a rural area in the Campos de Cima da Serra region of the upper Northeastern slopes of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in the municipality of Caxias do Sul. In the last decade, this location became the location for the installation of a dam to provide drinking water to the population of Caxias do Sul. In a context of limitations on land use in the area, residents seek ways to raise the potential of material and symbolic resources for the community. It should be emphasized that many mule trains passed through that region in the late nineteenth and mid-twentieth century, which gave it the character of a rest stop for mule drivers. Through interviews with the residents of the district of Vila Seca, it is possible to understand that their ethnic identity originated from Portuguese-Azorean immigrant populations, thus differing from the identity of the majority of their municipality, well known for its Italian identity. In this context, there the social organization of the district maintains ethnic boundaries and highlights diacritical signs of identity, enhancement of in a continuous process of dichotomization between "Us" and "Them". The community displays moments of collective effervescence, related to the district festivals. These festivities manifest both religious devotion to the community’s patron saint, the Divine Holy Spirit, and the cultivation of rural customs.

Orientador: Fernando Teixeira da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T02:49:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paz_AdalbertoJuniorFerreira_M.pdf: 2608421 bytes, checksum: 973fa4a13050ef2af98bdd45f8e8d52b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Em meados da década de 1940, no extremo norte do país, iniciavam-se os preparativos para a instalação do primeiro projeto de exploração mineral industrial na Amazônia. Este empreendimento relacionava-se com as diretrizes políticas, econômicas e estratégicas estabelecidas durante o Estado Novo para várias regiões do país tidas como periféricas e atrasadas em relação aos centros dinâmicos da economia nacional. Dessa forma, segundo o discurso oficial, a exploração das jazidas de manganês na região de Serra do Navio, situadas no interior do Território Federal do Amapá, criaria as condições necessárias para o desenvolvimento dessa importante área de fronteira, ao mesmo tempo em que contribuiria para a formação de uma verdadeira "civilização equatorial". Contudo, a implantação dessa nova sociedade exigiria a reestruturação dos padrões de sociabilidade vigentes entre uma população basicamente voltada para o extrativismo. Assim, os impactos sobre essa organização social e as diversas transfomações ocorridas naquele território, entre as década de 1940 e 1960, são analisados tomando como referência a montagem daquele complexo mineral-exportador, que se destaca por ter projetado duas company towns no interior da floresta amazônica, com as quais a empresa Indústria e Comércio de Minérios S.A. pretendia obter um tipo específico de trabalhador e de família, formando comunidades orientadas por princípios de harmonia entre capital e trabalho / Abstract: In the mid-1940s, in the extreme north of the country, began the preparations for the installation of the first industrial mineral exploration project in the Amazon. This development was related to policy guidelines, economic and strategic established during the New State to various regions of the country regarded as peripheral and lagging behind the dynamic centers of the national economy. Thus, according to the official discourse, the exploitation of manganese nodules in the region of Serra do Navio, located within the Federal Territory of Amapá, would create the necessary conditions for the development of this important border area, while it would help to the formation of a true "equatorial civilization." However, the implementation of the new society would require restructuring the existing patterns of sociability among a population largely focused on the extraction. Thus, the impacts on the social organization and various transformations occurred in that territory, between the 1940 and 1960, are analyzed with reference to the assembly of that complex mineral-exporter, which stands out for having designed two company towns in the forest Amazon, with whom the company Indústria e Comércio de Minérios S.A was seeking a specific type of worker and family, forming communities guided by principles of harmony between capital and labor / Mestrado / Historia Social / Mestre em História

Este estudo propôs e testou um roteiro metodológico, baseado em princípios técnicos e científicos, visando à delimitação da zona de amortecimento de unidades de conservação (UCs) de proteção integral, bem como à estruturação de um programa de manejo específico, denominado “Fronteiras”. O Programa de Manejo Fronteiras tem como principal objetivo estabelecer diretrizes e estratégias para tratar das questões que envolvem a implementação e a gestão da zona de amortecimento. Utilizando a metodologia de estudo de caso, associada a uma adaptação do método da estrutura hierárquica que é baseado na formulação de princípios, critérios e indicadores como ferramenta para promover o manejo adequado e a manutenção das funções da UC, o Parque Estadual Xixová-Japuí (PEXJ), com uma área de 901 ha, localizado nos municípios de São Vicente e Praia Grande–SP, foi escolhido como unidade de análise para execução das seis etapas previstas no referido roteiro metodológico. A partir da avaliação da execução do trabalho e dos resultados obtidos foi possível, além de criar uma referência concreta para a discussão e o aprimoramento dos procedimentos que podem ser utilizados na delimitação e na gestão da zona de amortecimento, verificar, que (i) a metodologia empregada gera padrões consistentes, porém, precisa ser testada em outras UCs para garantir a validade externa do método, (ii) o estabelecimento de zonas de amortecimento para UCs limítrofes a áreas urbanizadas ou em processo de expansão urbana é complexo e deve ser agilizado em virtude da dinâmica e da velocidade de ocupação do território, (iii) após a definição dos critérios para inclusão e exclusão de áreas, a sistematização, a consolidação e a sobreposição de informações já disponíveis, associadas àquelas obtidas em levantamentos de campo expeditos, são suficientes para subsidiar a delimitação da zona de amortecimento e a definição de diretrizes para o seu manejo, (iv) os critérios de inclusão e exclusão de áreas para compor as zonas de amortecimento propostos pelo IBAMA e incorporados ao roteiro testado neste trabalho, são adequados aos princípios, critérios e indicadores definidos para que PEXJ cumpra as suas funções ecológicas, sociais e paisagísticas. / This study proposed and tested a methodological path based on technical and scientific principles, seeking to define the limits of a buffer zone for protected areas as well as to structure a specific management program called “Fronteiras” (Boundaries), whose main objective is to set guidelines and strategies to handle issues that concern implementation and management of that zone. Xixová-Japuí State Park (PEXJ), with a total area of 901 hectares and located in São Vicente and Praia Grande, in the state of São Paulo, was chosen as a unit for analysis of the six stages proposed by the methodological path through a case-study methodology coupled with an adaptation of the hierarchical framework method which is based on setting principles, criteria and indicators as tools to promote proper management and maintenance of the park’s functions. Upon completion of the work and assessment of results, a concrete reference was created to aid the discussion and improvement of procedures which may be used in setting the limits of and in managing the buffer zone. It was also possible to verify, among other aspects, that (i) the methodology applied generates consistent standards but must be tested in other protected areas to assure its external validity; (ii) the creation of buffer zones for protected areas that border established or expanding urban areas is a complex issue and must be sped up to anticipate the dynamics and rate of territory occupation; (iii) once the criteria for including or excluding areas have been defined, systematization, consolidation and superposition of information already available combined with that obtained from expedite field surveys are enough to aid towards the definition of the limits of a buffer zone and of guidelines for its management; (iv) the criteria for inclusion and exclusion of areas in demarcating buffer zones as proposed by IBAMA and incorporated to the path tested in this work are adequate to the principles, criteria and indicators defined so that PEXJ can meet its ecological, social and landscape functions.

Bakgrund: Ett flexibelt arbete innebär att arbetet är flexibelt gällande tid och rum där arbetstagarna får ett stort inflytande över när, var och hur länge de ska utföra sitt arbete. Flexibiliteten kan innebära att gränserna mellan arbete och privatliv suddas ut, där det föreligger individuella skillnader i såväl förmågan att sätta gränser mellan domänerna arbete och privatliv som preferenser gällande gränssättande, där vissa föredrar att hålla arbetet på arbetet medan andra trivs med att blanda samman arbetet med privatliv. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka om obalans mellan beteende och preferenser inom ett flexibelt arbete visade samband med stress hos undervisande och forskande personal på ett universitet. Studien kontrollerade även för relevanta variabler. Metod: Designen var en tvärsnittsstudie där en enkät skickades ut till 1271 undervisande och forskande personal på ett universitet. För att mäta gränslöst beteende, preferenser gällande gränssättande och stress användas tre stycken etablerade formulär; Work interrupting nonwork behaviors scale, Workplace segmentation preferences och COPSOQ II. Svarsfrekvensen var 39,7% och två hierarkiska multipla regressionsanalyser genomfördes med stress som utfallsvariabel, arbetsbelastning och undervisningsfördelning som förväxlingsvariabler och prediktorn utgjordes i analys 1 av Obalans – Beteende, seg. (n=218) och i analys 2 av Obalans – Beteende, integ. (n=303). Resultat: I analys 1 förelåg det ett negativt samband mellan stress och Obalans – Beteende, seg. När förväxlingsvariablerna kontrollerades förklarade Obalans – Beteende, seg. 4,4% av variationen i stress. I analys 2 förelåg det ett positivt samband mellan stress och Obalans – Beteende, integ. När förväxlingsvariablerna kontrollerades förklarade Obalans – Beteende, integ. 9,3% av variationen i stress. Slutsats: Föreliggande studie indikerar på att obalans mellan beteende och preferenser både är en faktor som kan genera i ökad och minskad stress, där studiens resultat tyder på att obalansen värderas olika vilket i sin tur skulle kunna bero på att segregation respektive integration är olika svårt att uppnå. / Background: Flexible work means flexible in terms of time and space, where employees have influence over when, where, and for how long they will work. This also means that the boundaries between work and privacy can become unclear. There are individual differences in both the ability to set boundaries between work and privacy as for preferences; some prefer to keep work at work while others prefer to merge work with privacy. Objective: The aim of the study was to examine if imbalance between behavior and preferences in a flexible work was associated with stress. Relevant confounders were included. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted within one university. Three established forms were used; Work interrupting nonwork behaviors scale, Workplace segmentation preferences, and COPSOQ II. Two hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted, with stress as the outcome variable, workload and teaching distribution as confounders, and Imbalance – Behavior, segregation as predictor in analysis 1 (n=218) and Imbalance – Behavior, integration as predictor in analysis 2 (n=303). Results and Conclusion: Imbalance – Behavior, segregation was associated with lower levels of stress, and Imbalance – Behavior, integration was associated with higher levels of stress. The results of the study indicate that the imbalance is evaluated differently, which could be due to the fact that segregation versus integration are variously hard to achieve.

Cette étude s’intéresse aux confins de territoire de la « cité » des Carnutes durant l’Antiquité. L’espace considéréconcerne les confins est (la Beauce) et ouest (le Perche). Cet espace présente la particularité d'avoir fait l'objet derecherches archéologiques anciennes, complétées d’une part par des prospections pédestres sur desagglomérations ou des habitats et d’autre part par des analyses céramologiques. La première et la deuxièmepartie de cette étude sont consacrées à l’historiographie de la recherche et aux méthodes utilisées. Il en résulteune documentation importante présentée dans la troisième partie qui permet de mettre en avant un corpus surlequel se fonde une réflexion sur les confins de territoire. La documentation réunie est une base d’informationssur laquelle on peut construire un raisonnement. Le principal objectif de cette recherche est de réfléchir à lamanière de cerner les dynamiques de peuplement dans un confins de territoire durant l’Antiquité, en essayant decomprendre si on occupe différemment un espace de confins ou non. La quatrième partie présente une synthèsesur le peuplement aux confins des territoires de la cité carnute avec notamment une étude sur la céramiquecarnute comme possible facteur de délimitation d’une civitas. / This study aims at examining the borders of Carnutes’ territory in the ancient time, especially at the east andwest sides, that is Beauce and Perche. Archaeological investigations instituted long ago have been completedwith a few archaeological surveys of urban and rural areas, and also with ceramics analysis. A historiographicstudy of the subject composes the first part; the second part aims at setting out the method that has been used tobuild up an important documentation which is presented in a third and main part. This new corpus constitutes thebase of a reflexion on dynamics of settlement and territory’s borders during Antiquity as the main objective ofthis research. That is to try to understand if one takes up the boundaries in the same way as any other place ornot. The fourth part is a synthesis on the borders settlement of the civitas of the Carnutes, including a study oncarnutes’ ceramics as a possible factor of delimitation of a civitas.

Les courants migratoires outre-atlantiques à la charnière du XIXe et du XXe siècle consolidèrent la représentation de la nation argentine comme « un pays d’immigration ». Mais, derrière l’assimilation réussie de centaines de milliers d’étrangers se cache un complexe rapport entre la nation et la diversité qui compose sa population. Nous avons placé au coeur de notre recherche l’étude de l’ethnicité en Argentine et son rapport avec la nation et les phénomènes migratoires internes et externes. Les élites du XIXe siècle mirent en place des politiques de population qui visaient l’édification d’une société homogène, blanche et d’origine européenne. Celles-ci provoquèrent un « processus d’effacement » de l’ethnicité argentine qui fut achevé durant le XXe siècle avec l’avènement du péronisme. Ce ne fut qu’au cours des gouvernements de Carlos Menem durant les années 1990 que l’ethnicité subit une nouvelle fois de profondes transformations, notamment à cause de la montée de la xénophobie ciblant les immigrants limitrophes. Notre recherche propose une étude de l’évolution du rapport entre le péronisme et l’ethnicité. Pour ce faire, nous avons choisi de suivre l’approche barthienne de l’ethnicité et de placer au centre de notre analyse le concept de frontière ethnique. Notre recherche s’achève avec l’analyse d’entretiens semi-dirigés effectués lors d’un travail de terrain réalisé auprès de la communauté bolivienne à Buenos Aires. Nous tenterons de montrer que les changements de l’ethnicité durant les années 1990 sont à mettre en rapport avec la désarticulation des identités politiques traditionnelles et le rétrécissement de la citoyenneté qui caractérisèrent cette période. / Migratory movements across the Atlantic at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries consolidated the representation of the Argentine nation as "a country of immigration". But behind the successful assimilation of hundreds of thousands of foreigners, lies a complex relationship between the nation and the diversity that makes up its population. We have placed at the heart of our research the study of ethnicity in Argentina and its relationship with the nation and internal and external migratory phenomena. The nineteenth-century elites set up population policies aiming at building a homogeneous, white and european origin for the society. These policies provoked a "process of erasing" argentinian ethnicity which was completed during the 20th century with the advent of peronism. It was only during the governments of Carlos Menem during the 1990s that ethnicity underwent profound changes, notably because of the rise of xenophobia targeting neighboring immigrants. Our research proposes a study of the evolution of the relationship between Peronism and ethnicity. To do this, we chose to follow the Barthian approach to ethnicity and to place the concept of ethnic frontier at the center of our analysis. Our research ends with the analysis of semi-directed interviews accomplished during a field work carried out with the Bolivian community in Buenos Aires. We will try to show that the changes in ethnicity during the 1990s are related to the phenomenon of disarticulation of traditional political identities and shrinking citizenship that characterized this period.

The experimental discovery of graphene in 2004 has opened up a new research field in the direction of atomically thin two-dimensional layered materials for exploration of many fundamental research problems and technological applications. The charge carriers in graphene are massless Dirac fermions due to which they exhibit absence of localization, thereby giving rise to huge intrinsic mobilities and ballistic transport even at room temperatures. But it was observed that the extrinsic disorder and intrinsic structural disorder can significantly influence the transport in graphene films. This thesis focuses on three different aspects of graphene -disorder, magnetism and proximity-induced superconductivity. We have reported conductance fluctuations-based transport studies to investigate these aspects as they provide more detailed information than what can be obtained from the standard transport measurements. Even though these conductivity fluctuations pose a serious bottleneck for various applications, they can also yield useful insights into the various scattering mechanisms and the symmetry properties of graphene. In the first half of the thesis, we describe the measurement of low frequency 1/f noise in large area polycrystalline graphene films to understand the role of grain boundaries in charge carrier transmission in graphene. TEM studies on the low and high angled GBs formed in these graphene samples showed that they form distinct disordered regions of varying widths depending on the tilt angle of the GBs. At low temperatures, the 1/f noise measurements indicated spontaneous breaking of time reversal symmetry across graphene grain boundaries which suggests the magnetic nature of these grain boundaries. In the second half of the thesis, we will concentrate on the universal conductance fluctuations (UCF) in graphene which is the manifestation of quantum interference phenomena at low temperatures. We find that the absolute magnitude of the UCF is directly related to various symmetry-breaking disorder present in graphene. We also discuss how the UCF can be used to study the nature of proximity-induced superconducting correlations in graphene. In the end, we have proposed new device schemes for the integration of ferromagnetic and superconducting materials with graphene.

Nos travaux se focalisent sur l’impact des hétérogénéités structurales sur la diffusion de l’hydrogène dans les métaux. Dans ce cadre, des essais de perméation sont simulés par la méthode des éléments finis, afin de comprendre l’impact des caractéristiques métallurgiques sur les données extraites lors de ce type d’analyse. Afin de pouvoir séparer les différents mécanismes intervenant lors de la diffusion, l’étude est conduite en plusieurs étapes. A l’échelle de la membrane, les effets du piégeage et de la présence d’une couche d’oxyde à la surface du matériau sont considérés. Tandis que le piégeage et la couche d’oxyde diminuent tous deux la diffusivité effective, leurs effets sont opposés sur les concentrations en hydrogène en subsurface mesurées. D’autre part, les effets du piégeage lors de la désorption de l’hydrogène sont plus particulièrement étudiés. Il s’avère nécessaire de prendre en considération les fréquences de saut des atomes d’hydrogène afin de se rapprocher des données expérimentales. Ces premières études ayant portées sur des membranes homogènes, nous nous sommes consacrés, dans une dernière partie, aux effets de la microstructure sur la diffusion. Pour cela, nous considérons l’influence des joints de grains dits « généraux », qui se comportent comme des courts-circuits de diffusion pour l’hydrogène. La microstructure entraîne l’apparition d’effets d’échelle, lorsque l’épaisseur de la membrane se rapproche de la taille de grains. Qui plus est, en considérant un modèle à trois dimensions, les triples joints amplifient ces effets d’échelle, notamment dans le cas de matériaux nanocrystallins. / Our work focuses on the impact of structural heterogeneities on the diffusion of hydrogen in metals. In this context, permeation tests are simulated using the finite element methods, to understand the effects of the metallurgical properties on the data extracted with such analysis. To separate the different mechanisms occurring during diffusion, the study is led by several steps. At the scale of the membrane, the effects of trapping and the presence of an oxide layer at the surface of the material are considered. While the trapping and the surface layer both slow down the effective diffusivity, their effects are opposed on the measured hydrogen subsurface concentrations. On the other hand, the effects of trapping during the desorption are more specifically studied. It appears that taking into account the jump frequencies of the hydrogen atoms is required to get closer to the experimental data. Since the first studies dealt with homogeneous membranes, we focus in a last part on the effects of the microstructure on hydrogen diffusion. To do so, we consider the influence of “random” grain boundaries, acting as hydrogen diffusion short-circuits. Scale effects appear due to the microstructure when the membrane thickness approaches the grain size. Moreover, by using a three-dimensional model, triple junctions emphasize the scale effects, especially for nanocrystalline materials.

Étant donné un complexe de groupes, quand peut-on déduire une propriété de son groupe fondamental à partir des propriétés analogues de ses groupes locaux ? Ce problème naturel de géométrie des groupes a fait l'objet de nombreux travaux dans le cas des graphes de groupes et des complexes de groupes finis. Cette thèse se propose de développer des outils géométriques pour étudier le cas des complexes de groupes à courbure négative ou nulle. Nous nous intéressons à des propriétés de nature asymptotique : EZ-structures, hyperbolicité. Ce faisant, nous démontrons un théorème de combinaison pour les groupes hyperboliques qui généralise au complexe de groupes de dimension arbitraire un théorème de Bestvina-Feighn. / Given a complex of groups, when is it possible to deduce a property for its fundamental group out of the analogous properties of its local groups? This natural problem of geometric group theory has been adressed mainly for graphs of groups and complexes of finite groups. In this thesis, we develop geometric tools to study non-positively curved complexes of groups. We focus on properties of an asymptotic nature: EZ-structures, hyperbolicity. This allows us to prove a combination theorem for hyperbolic groups, which generalises a theorem of Bestvina-Feighn to complexes of groups of arbitrary dimension.

This thesis concerns the trade union reaction to immigration as a phenomenon and toimmigrants as a labour force on the Swedish labour market. It concerns trade union politicsregarding immigration and immigrants, from the political decision taken in 1946 to recruitworkers from other countries because of the labour shortage in Sweden, to 2009 when theconflict in the Swedish town of Vaxholm, that was a consequence of the EU’s expansion to theeast and which received such enormous attention in the Swedish media, was given its finalverdict and the continued existence of the “Swedish model” was placed under question. Thestudy focuses on the labour movement’s central trade union organisation in Sweden, in otherwords the Swedish Trade Union Confederation (Landsorganisationen, or LO as it is commonlyabbreviated in Sweden).The basis for the thesis has been that the process of immigration must naturally in the longterm lead to the addition of workers on the labour market, and consequently increasedcompetition amongst workers. The question has been how the interest organisation LO, whoseprimary mission is to protect the wage rates and social conditions for its members, and whichhas the restriction of competition as an overriding strategy, would handle the phenomenon ofimmigration and the existence of immigrants as a labour force on the Swedish labour marketand within the trade union movement, during the course of the study. The choice of LO as afundamental starting point for the study, being as it is an interest organisation with the shorttermobjective of protecting its members’ interests, but also given the organisation’s more longtermobjectives of being an important actor on the labour market and within society, hasinfluenced the choice of the thesis’ central theoretical concepts; strategy, restriction ofcompetition, calculability, power and hegemony. This very starting point, but also the natureof the source materials and a reflection over the immigration process (from immigration toimmigrant workers on the labour market and finally to trade union members), has meant that Ihave chosen to structure the thesis and present my findings based on three different problemareas. I have chosen to refer to these problem areas as boundaries, there LO have dealt withvarious problems concerning the phenomena of immigration and immigrants on the Swedishlabour market, as well as problems related to some of its own members having foreignbackgrounds. These boundaries consist firstly of an outer boundary that is a physicalboundary, coincident with national boundaries and influencing immigration politics, there LOwas able to consider the scope of the immigration process and make calculations about whatthe resultant addition of new workers, that is a natural consequence of the immigrationprocess, would mean for the labour market. Secondly an inner boundary, that encompasses thelabour market but is more transparent to members of society and influences immigrant politics,there LO was able to consider the terms and conditions that should be made available to theimmigrant workers, in general within society and in particular on the labour market. Finally aninnermost boundary, encompassing the trade union membership, there LO was able to managethe terms and conditions for the immigrant workers within the trade union movement.The thesis’ overriding objective has been to examine LO’s strategies for these threeboundary areas and to see if there is a coherent pattern behind LO’s actions on these threevarying levels. A more theoretical objective with this thesis has been to examine if the possiblepatterns that would appear in LO’s actions within these three boundary areas, could bediscussed from the perspective of a power structure.