My diploma thesis deals with the relationship and more specifically with the boundaries and inequalities between scientific medicine and alternative medicine from the constructionistic and interactionistic point of view. It explores how the boundaries are constructed by the representatives of biomedicine on one side and the representatives of alternative medicine on the other side. This thesis is based on a qualitative research - semi-standardised interviews with members of both systems of medicine. The state and the role of alternative medicine in czech setting is presented to the reader and the construction of boundaries in this context is explored. The thesis shows that the representatives of biomedicine build boundaries mainly based on moral aspects, while the representatives of alternative medicine have larger and more varied repertoire of boundaries. The fact is probably given by structural conditions and the role of alternative medicine - while the representatives of biomedicine "only" want to maintain the status quo, the representatives of alternative medicine struggle to change their situation, which requires bigger effort.

This text deals with the Financial crises from the perspective of everyday lived experience. It presents the analysis of narrative accounts of lay people who were active on the Czech housing market during or after the Crises. Theoretically rooted in the in the framework of narrative analysis, the text widens the mainstream economical perceptions of Crises bringing the concepts of emotions, ethos and symbolic boundaries into account. On the behalf of the narratives of Crises, the narratives of the process of social construction of home proved to be significant for the narrator's identity construction and presentation. Text presents three main findings a) Crises is trope, which is used as such in the narratives b) moral evaluation, which might be coined as the bourgeois morality ethos prove their significance in the narratives c) housing choices being based both on "rational" and "irrational" factors i. e. emotions, moral evaluations. The main interpretation of the narrative accounts suggests the crucial importance of the narratives of social construction of home for the expression of being independent, capable, responsible and thus successful person. The ability to express the capability of securing what is culturally regarded as "good and ideal housing" to the family, represents ones ability to...

The author deals with the phenomenon of dumpster diving. Being focused on those divers who are used to dumpster dive not being pressed to it by their financial situation, she concentrates on their definition of purity and their way of dealing with symbolic boundaries of clean and unclean. After summarising social-environmental and social scientific background of the phenomenon in context of the theoretical frame based on Mary Douglas and her book about purity and danger the author presents a qualitative analysis of participant observation and in- depth interviews with informants who dumpster dive voluntarily. Based on quantitatively and representatively tested public opinion on dumpster diving she points both the colourful composition of dumpster divers' motives and ideological believes and their reflection and norm- based boundaries categorization that is connected to food they are used to eat. In connection with informants' conception of food value the author argues that through inspiring power of the first dumpster diving experience informants' understanding and dealing with those boundaries have changed. Nevertheless, she stresses that despite being convinced their way of consumption is right and thus pure the informants tend to apply and present themselves by pattern of conduct that...

Spets, A. To share or not to share. A study on social workers’ attitudes towards social media. Degree project in Social work 15/30 credits. Malmö University: Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Social work, 2022. There is an increased use of social media for both private and professional purposes, where mixing private content with professional connections has become a commonality. This has led me to question what effect this bears on social workers’ ability to use social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram. The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of social workers’ attitudes towards social media by studying their experiences in using social media platforms. To gain this knowledge this study is carried out by using a qualitative method while conducting six interviews with social workers who are frequent users of social media. The result of this study reflects the impact the professional role has on the informants’ private use of said platforms and thus shows the complexity of maintaining boundaries between privacy and the professional life of a social worker. The result is presented in the following themes: social media, contacts, posts and content, experiences and miscellaneous. All of which leads to the conclusion that social workers are affected by the demands of the profession regardless of to which extent (due to individuality).

The present work deals in one level with the issue of work and laboriousness in the arts and in the second plane perception of reality and its illusion. Here, briefly explains the function of the visual system, leading to the formation of the image, perception of light phenomena and to create visual illusions (ie. Phenomena, when our perception completely does not match with reality), which served as the basis for dealing with the formal aspects of the work.

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The increasing clock speed and the further reduction of the feature size in integrated circuits lead to increasing demands on the interconnecting material. Thus an increasing need for a metallization with low electrical resistance and high electromigration endurance exist. Copper can be count as a material with these properties. Since 1998 Copper interconnections are commercially manufactured for integrated circuits. Electromigration is the most lifetime limiting factor in modern integrated circuits. The main the electromigration behavior influencing parameter and especially the influence of the microstructure is unknown. In this work the influence of the grain boundaries and their properties on the electromigration is examined at sputtered (PVD) and electroplated (ECD) Copper interconnects. For this investigation microstructure mappings produced by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) are correlated to in-situ electromigration experiments inside the SEM to research the electromigration behavior and the diffusion paths. Microstructure analysis shows big a difference between the two investigated types of interconnects. In both a strong <111> fibre texture is observed, but the PVD Copper shows a stronger texture than the electroplated one. The texture index of the PVD interconnects is 15,9 whereas the ECD lines show an index of 3,9. The frequency densities of the grain boundary misorientation, which is important for the electromigration behavior, are very different for both films. The ECD lines show a fraction of 55% Sigma 3 twin boundaries and 40% high angle grain boundaries. In contrast the PVD interconnects show a fraction of 5% Sigma 3 twin boundaries, 75% high angle grain boundaries and 20% small angle grain boundaries. This shows that a reduction of the high angle grain boundaries is not related to a strong <111> fibre texture. With in-situ experiments correlated to microstructure analysis it is shown, that voiding at high angle grain boundaries occur in the down wind of blocking grains or sites where only Sigma 3 twin boundaries are present. Hillocks were formed at high angle grain boundaries in the upwind of blocking grains or sites where only small angle grain boundaries or Sigma 3 twin boundaries are found. By a statistical evaluation of the in-situ experiments it is shown that more than 50% of the observed electromigration damages could be ascribed clearly to a grain boundary related local mass flux divergence. At strings of high angle grain boundaries voiding at the cathode side and hillock growth at the anode side is shown. The distance between these voids and hillocks is always higher than the Blech length. As the current density increases the distance between these voids and hillocks decreases according to Blech´s law, whereby it´s valid for local divergence is shown. FIB cuts show, that hillocks on PVD lines grow non-epitaxial in contrast to hillocks on ECD lines, which show epitaxial growth. These differences of hillock´s growth may suggest different underlying growth mechanisms. Reliability testing performed on PVD Copper interconnects lead to an activation energy for electromigration of 0,77eV ± 0,07eV. The confidence interval includes reported values for surface and also grain boundary diffusion. This indicates that the electromigration in these experiments is mainly influenced by surface and grain boundary diffusion. In this work the nucleation of voids and hillocks related to the previous analysed microstructure is observed inside the SEM and correlated to high angle grain boundaries and their misorientation angle. The result of this work show that electromigration damage in Copper interconnects is mostly caused by inhomogeneities of the microstructure. In this process the high angle grain boundaries are the main diffusion path. / Mit steigender Taktrate u. weiter fortschreitender Integrationsdichte in mikroelektr. Schaltungen nehmen d. Anforderungen an d. Metallisierungsmaterial weiter zu. Es besteht d. zunehmende Forderung nach Metallisierungen mit geringem elektrischen Widerstand u. hoher Elektromigra- tionsfestigkeit. Kupfer kann als Material angesehen werden, welches d. Anforderungen erfüllt. Seit 1998 wird Kupfer als Metallisierungsmaterial in höchstintegr. Schaltun- gen eingesetzt. Die Elektromigration (EM) ist der d. Zuver- lässigkeit am meisten begrenzende Faktor in mod. mikro- elektron. Schaltungen. Die Haupteinflußgrößen auf d. Elektromigrationsverhalten u. insbes. d. Einfluß d. Gefüges ist unklar. In d. Arbeit wird an nichtpassivier- ten physikalisch (PVD) u. galvanisch (ECD) abgeschied. Kupferleitbahnen d. Einfluß d. Korngrenzen u. deren Eigenschaften auf d. Elektromigrationsverhalten untersucht. Dazu werden Gefügeanalysen mittels Kikuchi-Rückstreutechnik u. in-situ Elektromigrationsexperimente im Rasterelektron- enmikroskop gekoppelt, um d. Elektromigrationsverhalten u. d. Migrationspfade zu erforschen. Gefügeuntersuchungen zeigen, daß d. untersuchten Leitbahnen sich in ihren Gefügeeigenschaften deutl. unterscheiden. Beide Schichten zeigen e. <111> Fasertextur, wobei d. PVD-Leitbahnen e. deutl. schärfere Textur mit e. Texturfaktor von 15,9 gegenüber den ECD-Leitbahnen d. e. Texturfaktor von 3,9 aufweisen. Die Häufigkeitsverteilungen d. Korngrenz- Misorientierung, sind für d. beiden Schichten unterschiedl. Die ECD-Leitbahnen zeigen e. Anteil von 55% Sigma 3-Korngrenzen und 40% Großwinkelkorngrenzen. Die PVD- Leitbahnen hingegen weisen nur e. Anteil von 5% Sigma 3-Korngrenzen, 75% Großwinkelkorngrenzen u. 20% Kleinwin- kelkorngrenzen auf. Dadurch wird gezeigt, daß e. scharfe <111> Textur keine Reduzierung d. Großwinkelkorngrenzen zur Folge haben muß. Anhand von in-situ Experimenten gekoppelt mit Gefügeanalysen wird gezeigt, daß Porenbildung an Groß- winkelkorngrenzen hinter blockierenden Körnern oder hinter Bereichen auftritt, in d. nur Sigma 3-Korngrenzen o. Kleinwinkelkorngrenzen vorliegen. Hügelbildung tritt an Großwinkelkorngrenzen vor blockierenden Körnern o. Berei- chen auf, in denen nur Kleinwinkelkorngrenzen o. Sigma 3-Korngrenzen vorliegen. Mit e. statist. Auswertung d. in-situ Experimente wird gezeigt, daß mehr als d. Hälfte aller Elektromigrationsschädigungen bei beiden Herstellungsmethoden eindeutig auf e. korngrenzbedingte lokale Divergenz im Massenfluß zurückzuführen sind. An Ketten von Großwinkelkorngrenzen wird verdeutl., daß kathodenseitig Porenbildung und anodenseitig Hügelbildung auftritt. Der Abstand zw. Pore u. Hügel liegt hier immer oberh. d. Blechlänge. Mit zunehmender Stromdichte nimmt d. Pore-Hügel-Abstand entspr. d. Blechtheorie ab, wodurch gezeigt wird, daß d. Blechtheorie auch bei lokalen Flußdivergenzen gilt. FIB-Querschnittsanalysen zeigen, daß Hügel auf PVD-Leitbahnen nicht epitaktisch mit d. darunterliegenden Schicht verwachsen sind im Gegensatz zu Hügeln auf ECD-Leitbahnen, die teilw. e. epitaktische Verwachsung mit d. Leitbahn zeigen. Lebensdauermessungen an PVD-Leitbahnen ergeben e. Aktivierungsenergie von 0,77eV ± 0,07eV. Es ist davon auszugehen, daß das Elektromigrationsverhalten d. hier untersuchten unpassi- vierten Leitbahnen haupts. von Korngrenz- u. von Oberfläch- endiffusion beeinflußt wird. In d. Arbeit wurde zum ersten Mal an Kupferleitbahnen d. Entstehung von eit- bahnschädigungen im Zusammenhang mit dem vorher aufgenomme- nen Gefüge im Rasterelektronenmikroskop direkt beobachtet u. mit d. Korngrenzen u. d. Korngrenzwinkeln in Zusammenhang gebracht. Die Ergebnisse d. Arbeit zeigen, daß Schädigungen durch Elektromigration in Kupferleitbahnen vorw. durch Gefügeinhomogenitäten entstehen. Bei d. Prozeß sind Großwinkelkorngrenzen d. bevorzugte Diffusionspfad.

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Introduction: This thesis investigates how two regional museums, Tornedalens museum in Finland and Norrbottens museum in Sweden handles the cultural heritage of Tornedalen (Torne River Valley) and the tornedalian culture. The aim of the study is to understand how place, cultural heritage and nationality work together regarding visibility and dissemination of knowledge. The focus of this study surrounds the demarcations between the Finnish and Swedish side of Tornedalen, where the two regional museums with belonging archives are explored and compared.   Method: In this study, ten interviews with a total of 12 participants were conducted, five at Tornedalens museum and five att Norrbottens museum, as well as field studies at both museums. The participants hold positions as archivists, educators, antiquarians, archeologists and managers at the museums. The interviews were taped and transcribed, and notes were taken during the field studies.   Analysis: The theoretical and analytical framework consists of critical heritage discourse. Additional theoretical concepts are place, representation, identity, demarcations, narration and performativity.   Results: the two museums portrait and relate to the tornedalian region and culture in different ways. Tornedalens museum portrait the partition of Tornedalen into two separate nations, and how this affected the lives of people living in the region and does to this day. The museum also represents a narrative that does not divide Swedish tornedalians from Finnish tornedalians and uses Tornio River as a symbol of unity. At Norrbottens museum, this narrative is not represented. Here, the linguistic oppression that Swedish tornedalians, lantalaiset and kvens were subject to is highlighted, as well as questions concerning how people and cultures in Norrbotten are united and share a common history and cultural heritage.    This is a two-year master’s thesis in archival science and museology and cultural heritage science.

Människor har genom alla tider alltid varit otrogna, även långt innan sociala medier fanns. Det finns idag en uppsjö av sociala medier och appar som människor kan använda sig av för att interagera med varandra och hitta nya bekantskaper. Sociala medier har tveklöst förändrat människors sexuella beteenden, och gjort det lättare än någonsin att skapa sexuella kontakter. Vi ställde oss då frågan om denna tillgänglighet var något som lockade även när det kommer till otrohet? Syftet med studien var således att undersöka människors erfarenheter av att vara otrogna över sociala medier. Vi ville med hjälp av intervjuer få fram hur synen på otrohet ser ut bland personer som använder sociala medier och har egen erfarenhet av otrohet på nätet, samt på vilket sätt de sociala medierna kunde användas för detta ändamål, och hur detta kan förstås ur ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv. För att få svar på dessa frågor genomfördes tio kvalitativa intervjuer med personer som varit otrogna med hjälp av sociala medier någon gång under de senaste tio åren. Insamlad data har sedan analyserats med en tematisk analys. Resultatet visar att otrohet som sker över sociala medier är svårdefinierat och gör det svårare med gränsdragningarna för vad som klassas som otrohet och inte. Det visar även på att sociala medier har förändrat våra sexuella script, och att de sociala mediernas lättillgänglighet och känsla av anonymitet är en bidragande faktor till detta. Vår studie visar att det behövs mer forskning inom området för att ytterligare undersöka hur den ökande användningen av sociala medier kan komma att påverka etablerade partnerrelationer, och för att få en bredare samsyn kring vad som kan räknas som otrohetspraktiker online. / People have always been unfaithful, even long before social media existed. Today, there is a plethora of social media and apps that people can use to interact with each other and find new acquaintances. Social media has undoubtedly changed people's sexual behaviors, making it easier than ever to make sexual connections. We then asked ourselves if this availability was something that also attracted when it comes to infidelity? The aim of this study was thus to examine people’s experiences of online infidelity. We wanted to interview people who had been unfaithful with the help of social media and investigate their view on online infidelity. And also to get an idea of how the different types of social media were used for this specific purpose, and how it can be understood using a social constructivist perspective. To get the answer to these questions we held ten qualitative interviews with people who had been unfaithful with the help of social media at some point during the last decade. The collected data has been analyzed with a thematic analysis. The results show that infidelity that takes place over social media is difficult to define and makes it more difficult to draw the boundaries of what is classified as infidelity and not. It also shows that social media has changed our sexual scripts, and that social media's ease of access and sense of anonymity is a contributing factor to this. Our study shows that more research is needed in this area to further investigate how the increasing use of social media may affect established partner relationships, and to get a broader consensus on what can be counted as infidelity practices online.