Foram realizadas análises isotópicas, físicas e químicas na água, no solo e nas plantas do Sistema de Produção Integrado Utilizando Efluentes de Dessalinização, criado pela Embrapa Semiárido, como uma alternativa para a reutilização desses efluentes na produção de alimentos e diminuição do impacto ambiental causado pelo descarte incorreto deste rejeito. O sistema avaliado se localiza no Campo Experimental da Caatinga, na Embrapa Semiárido (Petrolina-PE). Os resultados encontrados quanto à ciclagem dos nutrientes indicaram a ocorrência de uma contínua adição dos cátions Ca+2, Mg+2 , K+ e Na+ no solo durante o experimento, de 199 kg ha-1, 88 kg ha-1, 51 kg ha-1 e 142 kg ha-1, respectivamente. A eficiência de retirada do Ca+2, Mg+2 e Na+ pela Atriplex nummularia foi de 12,1, 4,3 e 23,9%, respectivamente; Ocorreu uma elevada perda de nitrogênio no sistema causado pelo processo de denitrificação, que diminuiu a concentração de nitrogênio em 72% do inicio ao final do sistema, levando este nutriente em quantidades insuficientes para a área agrícola. Estes resultados serão utilizados para indicar caminhos de melhorias no sistema. Ainda, quanto aos resultados isotópicos, foi possível concluir que: a água sofre um fracionamento durante o processo de osmose reversa na ordem de 1,87 para o 18O e 10,3 para o 2H; A água do poço é formada por uma mistura de águas recentes e paleoáguas; A relação 18O vs 2H; possui um coeficiente angular de 4,1, indicando elevada evaporação neste elemento; O solo avaliado possui uma média isotópica de -24 de 13C no solo de caatinga e -20 de 13C na área experimental, indicando uma troca da matéria orgânica desta área por material proveniente da Atriplex, que teve uma razão isotópica média de -13,7 .de 13C. / Isotopic, physical and chemical analysis were performed in water, soil and plants of the \" Integrated Production System Using Wastewater Desalination \", created Embrapa Semiarid, as an alternative to reuse of wastewater for food production and reducing the environmental impact caused by the incorrect disposal of the reject. The evaluated system is located in the Experimental Área Caatinga at Embrapa Semi-Arid (Petrolina-PE). The findings about the cycling of nutrients indicated the occurrence of a continuous addition of Ca+2, Mg+2, K+ and Na+ in the soil during the experiment of, 199 kg ha-1, 88 kg ha-1, 51 kg ha-1 and 142 kg ha-1, respectively. The efficiency of removal of Ca+2, Mg+2 and Na+ by Atriplex nummularia was 12,1, 4,3 and 23,9% respectively; Was observed high loss of nitrogen in the system caused by denitrification process, which decreased the concentration of nitrogen by 72% from beginning to end system, taking this nutrient in insufficient quantities to agricultural area. These results will be used for indicate ways to improve the system. Also, with the isotopic results was concluded that: water undergoes fractionation during the process of reverse osmosis the order of 1,87 to 18O and 10,3 for 2H; The well water is formed by a mixture of recent water and paleoáguas; The relationship 18O vs 2H; has a slope of 4,1, indicating high evaporation of this element; The soil has an average rated -24 in isotopic 13C in savanna soi and -20 of 13C in the experimental area, indicating an exchange of matter of this area of organic material from Atriplex, which had an average isotopic ratio of -13,7 . of 13C.

Submitted by Eunice Novais (enovais@uepg.br) on 2018-07-31T12:05:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Tatiane Bovaroti.pdf: 1677408 bytes, checksum: 74791391260b47b48abc127d7af4af68 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-31T12:05:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Tatiane Bovaroti.pdf: 1677408 bytes, checksum: 74791391260b47b48abc127d7af4af68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-12 / Preocupados com a intrusão de água do mar, escassez e má qualidade das reservas de água doce no mundo, diversos países têm estudado e proposto sistemas de alta tecnologia que sejam viáveis para a dessalinização de água salobra ou salina. Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar a eficiência de um sistema de ultrafiltração (UF) como pré-tratamento, seguido de abrandamento e osmose reversa (OR) para a dessalinização de água salobra em escala piloto, instalado no balneário de Praia de Leste, litoral do estado do Paraná. Para a obtenção da água salobra foi realizada a mistura da água do rio das Pombas com a água do mar até a concentração de 1500 (± 100) mg. L-1 de sólidos dissolvidos totais (SDT). O sistema foi projetado para a produção de 1 m3.h-1 de água doce (permeado da OR) e operou por aproximadamente 3h por dia durante vinte dias não consecutivos. Analisaram-se amostras de nove pontos de coleta durante a primeira (A), segunda (B) e terceira (C) hora de operação. Para a avaliação da qualidade da água os parâmetros analisados foram: SDT, condutividade elétrica, pH, temperatura, cor aparente, turbidez, alcalinidade total, dureza total, cálcio, cloreto, sulfato, coliformes totais e E.coli. Para avaliação da eficiência do sistema, calculou-se a taxa de recuperação e o fluxo de filtração, bem como a leitura de outros parâmetros operacionais como a pressão osmótica. O sistema de UF apresentou remoção média de 95,1% de turbidez e de 98,6% de cor aparente na água salobra. Constatou-se ausência de coliformes totais e E.coli no permeado. Houve variação quanto à remoção de dureza total e cálcio pelo abrandador devido ao tempo de regeneração do sistema. O sistema de OR obteve remoção média de 99,4% de SDT e a maior taxa de recuperação global (UF e OR) foi de 57,4%. / Concerned about the intrusion of sea water, scarcity and poor quality of freshwater reserves in the world, several countries have studied and proposed high technology systems that are feasible for the desalination of brackish or saline water. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of an ultrafiltration (UF) system as a pretreatment, followed by slowing and reverse osmosis (RO) for pilot scale saline water desalination, installed in Praia de Leste – coast of the state of Paraná. To obtain the brackish water, the water of the Pombas River was mixed with sea water up to the concentration of 1500 (± 100) mg. L-1 total dissolved solids (TDS). The system was designed to produce 1 m3.h-1 of freshwater (permeate from the RO) and was operated by approximately 3 hours per day during twenty non-consecutive days. Samples from nine collection points were analyzed during the first (A), second (B) and third (C) hours of operation. In order to evaluate the water quality, the parameters evaluated were: TDS, electric conductivity, pH, temperature, apparent color, turbidity, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, chloride, sulfate, total coliforms and E.coli. To evaluate the efficiency of the system, the recovery rate and the filtration flow were calculated, as well as the reading of other operational parameters such as osmotic pressure. It was found absence of total coliforms and E. coli in the permeate. There was variation regarding to the removal of total hardness and calcium by the softener due to the regeneration time of the system. The RO system obtained an average of 99.4% of the TDS removal and the highest overall (UF and RO) recovery rate was 57.4%.

The design, construction and testing of a reverse-osmosis (PV-RO) desalination system for fresh water shortage area is presented. The system operates from salt water or brackish water and can be embedded in a renewable energy power supply system, since many fresh shortage areas are remote and isolated. Special attention is given to the energy efficiency of small-scale reverse osmosis desalination systems. Limitations of conventional control strategy using toggle control are presented. Based on this, an objective of creating a small-scale reverse osmosis desalination system was set out. Initially, the background information is presented. This includes the natural resources crisis and main desalination technologies and the viability of the integration with renewable energy source. A reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system was assembled and set up at the Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia Supervisor Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system was built using a Human Machine Interface software and a programmable logic controller (PLC). Instrumentation that included signal conditioners was made in analysis of the system characteristics. Initial testing of the system was conducted after the system design and configuration was accomplished. Testing results were used as a guideline for the development of the whole system. / Modelling and simulation of the system components in MATLABSimulink is presented, together with a discussion of the control systems modelling and design procedure, in which the aim was to improve the efficiency of the reverse osmosis system. Simulations show the designed reverse osmosis system with Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) controller has better performance than other controllers. This consequently leads to a lower overall cost of the water, as well as reducing full maintenance cost of the electric drives in the reverse osmosis unit. Additionally, the configuration of the remote control system through General Package Radio System (GPRS) network is depicted. After the PID control algorithm was programmed into the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), system experiments were carried out in short durations and long durations. System performance was monitored and experimental results prove that the new control strategy applied increase the water productivity and is able to improve the system efficiency up to 35%. Based on the data obtained from the simulations and experiments, Mundoo Island was chosen to be the location for a case study. The electric load profile of the island was derived from the Island Development Committee in Mundoo. / A water demand profile was created and modelled in Matlab to be the input of the reverse osmosis system. The electric load of the reverse osmosis system was generated from Matlab simulation. This result was entered in Hybrid Optimisation Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) simulator. Having the designed RO unit as one of the electric loads, the entire remote area power supply (RAPS) system was tested in simulations which shows the energy cost is AUS$0.174 per kWh, lower than the Island Development Committee budget estimation of AUS$0.25 per kWh. The cost of the water treatment is very promising at AUS$0.77 per m3.

Foram realizadas análises isotópicas, físicas e químicas na água, no solo e nas plantas do Sistema de Produção Integrado Utilizando Efluentes de Dessalinização, criado pela Embrapa Semiárido, como uma alternativa para a reutilização desses efluentes na produção de alimentos e diminuição do impacto ambiental causado pelo descarte incorreto deste rejeito. O sistema avaliado se localiza no Campo Experimental da Caatinga, na Embrapa Semiárido (Petrolina-PE). Os resultados encontrados quanto à ciclagem dos nutrientes indicaram a ocorrência de uma contínua adição dos cátions Ca+2, Mg+2 , K+ e Na+ no solo durante o experimento, de 199 kg ha-1, 88 kg ha-1, 51 kg ha-1 e 142 kg ha-1, respectivamente. A eficiência de retirada do Ca+2, Mg+2 e Na+ pela Atriplex nummularia foi de 12,1, 4,3 e 23,9%, respectivamente; Ocorreu uma elevada perda de nitrogênio no sistema causado pelo processo de denitrificação, que diminuiu a concentração de nitrogênio em 72% do inicio ao final do sistema, levando este nutriente em quantidades insuficientes para a área agrícola. Estes resultados serão utilizados para indicar caminhos de melhorias no sistema. Ainda, quanto aos resultados isotópicos, foi possível concluir que: a água sofre um fracionamento durante o processo de osmose reversa na ordem de 1,87 para o 18O e 10,3 para o 2H; A água do poço é formada por uma mistura de águas recentes e paleoáguas; A relação 18O vs 2H; possui um coeficiente angular de 4,1, indicando elevada evaporação neste elemento; O solo avaliado possui uma média isotópica de -24 de 13C no solo de caatinga e -20 de 13C na área experimental, indicando uma troca da matéria orgânica desta área por material proveniente da Atriplex, que teve uma razão isotópica média de -13,7 .de 13C. / Isotopic, physical and chemical analysis were performed in water, soil and plants of the \" Integrated Production System Using Wastewater Desalination \", created Embrapa Semiarid, as an alternative to reuse of wastewater for food production and reducing the environmental impact caused by the incorrect disposal of the reject. The evaluated system is located in the Experimental Área Caatinga at Embrapa Semi-Arid (Petrolina-PE). The findings about the cycling of nutrients indicated the occurrence of a continuous addition of Ca+2, Mg+2, K+ and Na+ in the soil during the experiment of, 199 kg ha-1, 88 kg ha-1, 51 kg ha-1 and 142 kg ha-1, respectively. The efficiency of removal of Ca+2, Mg+2 and Na+ by Atriplex nummularia was 12,1, 4,3 and 23,9% respectively; Was observed high loss of nitrogen in the system caused by denitrification process, which decreased the concentration of nitrogen by 72% from beginning to end system, taking this nutrient in insufficient quantities to agricultural area. These results will be used for indicate ways to improve the system. Also, with the isotopic results was concluded that: water undergoes fractionation during the process of reverse osmosis the order of 1,87 to 18O and 10,3 for 2H; The well water is formed by a mixture of recent water and paleoáguas; The relationship 18O vs 2H; has a slope of 4,1, indicating high evaporation of this element; The soil has an average rated -24 in isotopic 13C in savanna soi and -20 of 13C in the experimental area, indicating an exchange of matter of this area of organic material from Atriplex, which had an average isotopic ratio of -13,7 . of 13C.

Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós–Graduação em Aqüicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia, 2011. / Submitted by Cristiane Silva (cristiane_gomides@hotmail.com) on 2012-08-20T13:42:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertao renato a santos.pdf: 788840 bytes, checksum: d822bbd2dd77094d946ed0d5d725098d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-11-13T22:09:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertao renato a santos.pdf: 788840 bytes, checksum: d822bbd2dd77094d946ed0d5d725098d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-13T22:09:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertao renato a santos.pdf: 788840 bytes, checksum: d822bbd2dd77094d946ed0d5d725098d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Organismos marinhos em salinidades reduzidas encontram um desafio fisiológico diferente daquele naturalmente encontrado em salinidade oceânica. Isso ocorre porque esses se tornam hiper-osmóticos em relação ao meio. A literatura sugere que a adição de sal na dieta pode suprir a perda passaiva de íons e, consequentemente, melhorar o crescimento. Dessa forma, os efeitos da suplementação de sal na dieta (SD) no crescimento, na sobrevivência, na osmorregulação e nas alterações histológicas branquiais foram avaliados em juvenis de bijupirá (12 g) criados em salinidade 5. O bijupirá, Rachycentron canadum, tem recebido a atenção de pesquisadores e investidores no mundo inteiro devido às suas características positivas que a elegem uma espécie com potencial na piscicultura marinha. Durante 40 dias, os peixes foram alimentados, diariamente em dois turnos, com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de NaCl: 0,0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10,0% do peso seco da dieta basal (todos em triplicata). Ao final do experimento os arcos branquiais foram coletados para avaliação histológica e determinação da atividade Na+, K+-ATPase. A sobrevivência foi 100% em todos os grupos e não houve diferença no peso médio final entre os tratamentos. Entretanto, 7,5 e 10% de NaCl resultaram em piores taxas de conversão alimentar e maior consumo alimentar comparadas aos demais grupos. A atividade da Na+, K+-ATPase branquial foi estatisticamente reduzida quando os peixes receberam dietas com níveis de 2,5; 5 e 7,5% de NaCl em relação ao grupo 0,0%. O número de células de cloreto do grupo controle (16 células mm-2) diferiu significativamente dos grupos SD. Foi verificado o aumento da proliferação celular de acordo com o aumento do sal na dieta, atingindo 41 células mm-2 nas brânquias dos peixes do grupo 10% de NaCl. Esses dados sugerem que a suplementação de NaCl não é necessária para o crescimento em salinidade 5, apesar do bijupirá apresentar menor atividade Na+, K+-ATPase nos grupos com baixa adição de NaCl na dieta. / Marine fish in low-saline water encounter the physiological challenge of passive loss of ions and water gain. Some studies suggested that dietary salt can provide physiological necessities and may, consequently, improve growth. Cobia Rachycentron canadum is a fast growing fish and its commercial interest has been increasing around the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of salty diet (SD) on growth performance, gill histological alterations, and osmoregulation of cobia reared in low salinity. Cobia juveniles (12 g) were acclimated to salinity 5 and fed with five dietary NaCl levels: 0.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% dry weight of a basal diet (all with three replicates). Fishes were fed twice daily until satiation for 40 days. At the end of experiment, gill arches were sampled for histological evaluation and for determination of Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Survival after 40 days was 100% in all treatments. The results showed that NaCl supplementation did not improve growth performance and the highest levels of SD (7.5 and 10%) showed unfavorable effects on food conversion and feed intake. Na+, K+-ATPase activity in fishes fed with the basal diet was significantly higher than in those fed with 2.5%, 5.0 and 7.0% NaCl supplementation. The number of chloride cells significantly increased with increasing dietary salt level, reaching 2.5 fold higher in 10% NaCl supplementation (41 cells mm-2) when compared to group 0.0% (16 cells mm-2). Summarily, dietary salt supplemented has consequences on chloride cells proliferation, but, apparently, cobia seems to spare energy, since it reduced the Na+, K+-ATPase activity.

The Reverse Osmosis (RO) process has been considered to be one of the most widely utilised techniques for brackish water desalination for its capabilities to produce high-quality water. The RO process characterised by its low energy consumption compared to thermal distillation processes, leading to reduced overall water production cost. To systematically understand the transport phenomena of solvent and solutes via the membrane texture, several mathematical models were developed. This interestingly aids to conduct a huge amount of simulation and optimisation studies to judge the influence of control variables on the performance indexes and to adjust the key variables at optimum values to realise optimum production indexes. In this research, a specific accurate model for a single spiral wound RO process has been successfully developed and used to build accurate models for the multistage brackish water RO desalination process of two different designs. The robustness of the model developed was confirmed via validation against the experimental data collected from simple design of RO system and complicated design of RO system of Arab Potash Company (APC). This is followed by a thorough simulation of the RO process to explore the influence of operating conditions on the process performance indicators. Recently, several contributions were made in this thesis that specifically comprises the improvement of the original design of brackish water RO desalination process. The influence of a retentate recycle design is investigated on the process performance. Moreover, evaluation and minimisation of specific energy consumption (expressed in kWh/m3 of freshwater production) is carried out on the simple and complicated designs of RO process by implementing an energy recovery device. Also, the most suitable brand of membranes was explored for the RO system from a set of different brands of membrane to attain the highest-performance rejection at lowest energy consumption compared to the original membrane. Furthermore, a single optimisation framework was developed to mitigate the specific energy consumption of simple and complicated designs of brackish water RO desalination process. Finally, a thermodynamic limitations and exergy analysis of the complicated design of RO system are outlined via a thoroughly study to investigate the locations of high exergy destruction. These contributions were verified as they promoted the separation performance at a significant energy saving. / Mutah University, Jordan

Denna kandidatuppsats är ämnad att ligga som grund för framtida osteologisk dokumentation ochanalys av de skeletala kvarlevorna från skeppet Mars, och är utförd i samarbete med projektet SkeppetMars (1564).Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka och problematisera möjligheterna att analyseradigitalt dokumenterade skeletala kvarlevor i en marin miljö. För att utvärdera möjligheterna ochbegränsningarna med att utföra en digital osteologisk analys utfördes en mindre studie av det digitaltdokumenterade material som hittills insamlats från skeppet Mars. Analysen visade att en osteologiskanalys kan utföras på digitalt dokumenterade skeletala kvarlevor men att det finns begränsningar medatt utföra en analys av ett två dimensionellt källmaterial. Syftet med denna uppsats är även attdiskutera och lyfta fram hur skeletala kvarlevor påverkas under längre tid i marina sediment* samtbräckt/salt vatten. Syftet med denna uppsats är även att diskutera hur en hypotetisk inhämtning och konservering av de skeletala kvarlevorna från skeppet Mars bör utföras. / This bachelor's thesis is intended to lay the ground for future osteological documentation and analysisof the skeletal remains from the naval ship Mars, and is conducted with the project Skeppet Mars(1564). The main purpose of this thesis is to examine and problematise the possibility to analysedigitally documented skeletal remains in a marine context. In order to evaluate the possibilities andlimitations of performing an osteological analysis, a small analysis was conducted on the digitallydocumented skeletal remains collected from the naval ship Mars so far. The analysis showed that anosteological analysis can be performed on digitally documented skeletal remains, there are, however,limitations of performing an analysis on a two dimensional documentation. The secondary purpose ofthis thesis is to discuss and highlight how skeletal remains are affected by marine sediment* andbrackish/saltwater over a long period of time. An additional goal for this thesis is to discuss how ahypothetical retrieval and conservation of the skeletal remains of the naval ship Mars shouldpreferably be performed.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-20T13:42:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliano Almeida.pdf: 2689795 bytes, checksum: e2c63ba0cfcdfb76d39a3d5e44e5dcf9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-20 / Considering the shortage of fresh water availability and an increased demand for water in the world, including Brazil, one of the alternatives for water supply are the water desalination system, which remove salts from brackish or seawater. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of treated water desalination system with production capacity of 1.0 m3 h-1 of treated water, installed in a water treatment plant of Sanepar (Water and Sanitation Company of the State of Parana), in Praia de Leste located in the coast of the state of Paraná, Brazil. In this study, the seawater was diluted with fresh water to make brackish water. The brackish water was prepared from the water mixture of the Pombas River, source of fresh water supply to the region, and sea water. The mixtures were performed to obtain concentrations of 1000 and 1500 mg L-1 of total dissolved solids (TDS). The system was composed of ultrafiltration (UF) as a pre-treatment to reverse osmosis (RO). Experiments were performed during 15 days for each TDS concentration of brackish water and TDS removal efficiencies were 99.0 and 99.1%, respectively. Besides TDS, other water quality parameters such as: electrical conductivity, turbidity, apparent colour, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chlorides, sulphates and pH were monitored. Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and osmotic pressure, filtration rate and membrane recovery rate were also measured for the RO. The pilot plant system could remove all water quality parameters studied. / Com a escassez da disponibilidade de água doce e o aumento da demanda de água no mundo e também no Brasil, uma das alternativas para o suprimento de água são os sistemas de dessalinização de água, que removem os sais da água salobra ou salgada. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de um sistema piloto de dessalinização de água salobra com capacidade de produção de 1,0 m3 h-1 de água tratada, instalado na estação de tratamento de água (ETA) da Sanepar, no balneário de Praia de Leste, no litoral do estado do Paraná. A água salobra foi preparada a partir da mistura da água bruta do Rio das Pombas, manancial que abastece o balneário, e água do mar. As misturas foram realizadas até obter concentrações de 1000 e 1500 ± 100 mg L-1 de sólidos dissolvidos totais (SDT). O sistema foi composto de ultrafiltração como pré-tratamento à osmose reversa. Os experimentos foram realizados durante o período de 15 dias para cada concentração de SDT da água salobra obtendo-se remoções de 99,0 e 99,1%, para 1500 ± 100 mg L-1 e 1000 ± 100 mg L-1, respectivamente. Além dos SDT, foram avaliados outros parâmetros de qualidade da água como: condutividade elétrica, turbidez, cor aparente, alcalinidade, dureza total, cálcio, magnésio, cloretos, sulfatos, pH e temperatura. Durante os experimentos foram avaliados potencial de oxirredução (ORP) e a pressão osmótica, a taxa de filtração e a taxa de recuperação na membrana de osmose reversa. O sistema de ultrafiltração foi mais eficiente na remoção de turbidez e cor aparente, sendo que o sistema de osmose reversa apresentou melhor eficiência na remoção de sólidos dissolvidos totais.

This report examines water supply planning issues in San Antonio, Texas. San Antonio is unique among large cities in the United States in that it relies almost exclusively on a single source, the Edwards Aquifer, for its water supply. Because San Antonio’s water demand is projected to outgrow the Aquifer’s capacity, the city must consider other options to extend and augment its current water supply. After describing the hydrogeology and water supply history of San Antonio, this report explains the multitiered water planning structure and current and future water needs for the city. It then studies and evaluates three short-to-mid term water supply options. By continuing to develop its already successful water conservation programs and water reclamation system, San Antonio can delay the need for more costly and environmentally impactful water supply options down the road, and wisely manage the resources it already draws from. / text

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-03-16T19:29:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AKLEINO SILVESTRE DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEQ 2016..pdf: 6288381 bytes, checksum: f65c5bdc20bfda0cdb5930837d5d1894 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-16T19:29:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AKLEINO SILVESTRE DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEQ 2016..pdf: 6288381 bytes, checksum: f65c5bdc20bfda0cdb5930837d5d1894 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-29 / O consumo de água doce vem crescendo muito no mundo inteiro e sua possível escassez tornou-se um dos temas mais discutidos na atualidade. Com isso há necessidade de desenvolver novas estratégias para suprir a falta de água potável. Dentre elas, destacam-se a dessalinização. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar um ciclone convencional utilizado para dessalinização da água salgada com adição de cinco bicos injetores, localizados na parte superior do mesmo. O modelo matemático adotado considera escoamento tridimensional, turbulento, estacionário e não isotérmico para a fase gasosa, e a aplicação do modelo Lagrangeano para as partículas. As equações de conservação da massa, de momento linear, de energia e as do modelo de turbulência SST , bem como as equações constitutivas e as condições de contorno foram resolvidas com auxílio do software comercial Ansys CFX. São apresentados os resultados dos campos de pressão, temperatura, velocidade e fração mássica, linhas de fluxo, trajetórias das partículas, perfis de velocidade, de pressão total e de temperatura total no interior do separador ciclônico térmico. Constatouse o caráter tridimensional do escoamento gás-partícula no interior do ciclone com presenças de regiões de zonas de recirculação e de inversão de fluxo. Os resultados mostraram que a variação das temperaturas na alimentação, tanto do ar como da água, influência na geração de vapor no interior do separador ciclônico. Porém é preciso um estudo cauteloso, como por exemplo, avaliar a influência do comprimento da parte cônica, tanto na fluidodinâmica quanto na cinética, para tentar aumentar o tempo de residência das partículas e com isso contribuir para o aquecimento da partícula. / The consumption of fresh water has been increasing worldwide and its possible shortage has become one of the most discussed topics today. With this, there is a need to develop new strategies to address the lack of potable water. Among them, desalination. In this sense, the present work aims to evaluate a conventional cyclone used for the desalination of salt water with the addition of five injector nozzles, located in the upper part of the same. The mathematical model adopted considers three-dimensional, turbulent, stationary and nonisothermal flow for the gas phase, and the application of the Lagrangian model to the particles. The equations of conservation of mass, linear momentum, energy and those of the SST w turbulence model, as well as the constitutive equations and the boundary conditions were solved with the commercial software Ansys CFX. The results of the fields of pressure, temperature, velocity and mass fraction, flow lines, particle trajectories, velocity profiles, total pressure and total temperature inside the thermal cyclone separator are presented. It was noted three-dimensional character of the gas-particle flow within the cyclone presence regions with recirculation zones and reverse flow. The results showed that the temperature variation in both air and water influences the generation of steam inside the cyclonic separator. However, a cautious study is required, for example, to evaluate the influence of the length of the conic part, both in fluid dynamics and kinetics, to try to increase the residence time of the particles and thereby contribute to the heating of the particle.