The assignment of this thesis is to design a town hall building for the Brno – Sever city district. The particular building plot is located on the site of the former military quarters in Brno – Černá pole near the Botanic Gardens and Arboretum of Mendel University, where the landscape changes to downhill. The site features a good view of the surroundings and it is convenient for the public building because of its good accessibility. A significant item of this design was to give the town hall’s scheme an added value in a form of a community educational center for the use of the inhabitants of Brno. The center includes for instance a library branch, exhibition premises and a clubroom for moms and children or for pensioners. Thanks to these public premises the town hall can be lively even during the afternoon hours.

Interest about living in the city is increasing and people look suitable sites for newconstruction. Boundary of these good places expand into the landscape. Undeveloped areas have become valuable goods and it is important to build up the appropriate form of building with critical density, which will provide new space for living, but also contribute to raising living standards and it elevate all surrounding area. Variable and flexible solution of my architectural and urban design fights with evacuation people into urban sprawl and try put there quality housing to the city center and try to be a timeless concept,which will be able to respond to different human rights requirements and wishes. The built up area will be created by grouping the proposed houses and residential houses into blocks. Individual detached houses are designed in a range of four sizes for satisfy of people who require small houses and for people which findmore comfortable living. Different sizes of houses could satisfy both seniors and young couples and families with children and the solution ensure local settlement by people of all ages and this creates a healthy demographers structure for place.

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Decades  ago,  1  ton  of  steel  required  80  kg  of  refractory  material.  While  the  scenario  has completely changed over the years. Today, 1 ton of steel needs approximately 11 kg of refractory material   depending   on   the   steelworks.   Refractories   are   accustomed   to   high-temperature processes,  for  example,  producing  steel,  glass,  etc.  The amount of  spent  refractories has  also increased  with the increase in demand for its production. For the manufacturing of refractories, there is a tremendous use of virgin raw materials but with the increase in price and reducing raw material   sources,   it  will   be  difficult  to   continue  in  that   way  in  the  future.  While,  the environmental  concerns  in  steel  industries  are  increasing  on  a  rapid  scale  such  as  global environmental pollution, natural  resource conservation, and the most important increase in cost for  landfilling.  Therefore,  achieving  zero  waste  and  proper  usage  of  material  from  spent refractories is necessary for economic and environmental reasons in future. This project work focuses on collecting information regarding the refractory waste management for  aid  towards   more   sustainable  Swedish  steel  industries.  The  project  is  carried  out  in collaboration  with  KTH  Royal  Institute  of  Technology  and  the  Swedish  steel  producers association  Jernkontoret.  This  work  focuses  on  a   survey   of  well-known  Swedish  steel companies Sandvik Materials Technology (SMT) AB and Höganäs AB. The scientific work concentrates on the investigation of MgO-C bricks mixed waste, collected from Mireco AB, up to a grain size of 20 mm. Three samples of varying compositions and different grain sizes were collected  from  the  recycling  site  and  processed  for  carbon  reduction.  On  several  trails,  the maximum  carbon  elimination  was  achieved at a  temperature higher than  800°C with holding time longer than 5h. The fines underwent mechanical pressing of 40 MPa to form pellets of 16 mm and 32 mm in diameter. The main traced elements of MgO, SiO2, CaO, Al2O3  and Fe2O3  can be utilized for applications in the agricultural industry. MgO is present in the maximum quantity (70-80%).  By  possible  extraction  of  MgO  from  the  fines  can  be  employed  in  the  crucible industry,  construction industry  and steel  industry for slag  formation. The MgO  in the form of supplements for magnesium deficient soils or calcium magnesium oxide for neutralizing the pH of  the  soil  by  balancing  the  acidity  can  be  employed.  The  compatibility of the  fines can be helpful  to  resolve  transportation  issues and benefit  convenient addition to processes. Overall, this  work  brings  to  the  fore  a  high  potential  for  using  such  waste  refractory  materials  forapplications besides landfilling with an emphasis on agriculture. / För decennier sedan krävde 1 ton stål 80 kg eldfast material. Medan scenariot har förändrats helt genom åren. Idag behöver 1 ton stål cirka 11 kg eldfast material beroende på stålverk. Eldfasta produkter är vana vid högtemperaturprocesser, till exempel produktion av stål, glas etc. Mängden förbrukade  eldfasta  produkter  har  också  ökat  med  ökad  efterfrågan  på  dess  produktion.  För tillverkning av eldfasta produkter finns det en enorm användning av jungfruliga råvaror men med prisökningen  och  minskade  råvarukällor  blir  det  svårt  att  fortsätta  på  det  sättet  i  framtiden. Medan  miljöproblemen  inom  stålindustrin  ökar  i  snabb  skala,  såsom  global  miljöförorening, bevarande av naturresurser och den viktigaste ökningen av kostnaderna för deponering. Därför är det  nödvändigt  att  i  framtiden  uppnå  noll  slöseri  och  korrekt  användning  av  material  från förbrukade eldfasta anläggningar av ekonomiska och miljömässiga skäl. Detta projektarbete fokuserar på att samla in information om eldfast avfallshantering för stöd till mer  hållbar  svensk  stålindustri.  Projektet  genomförs i samarbete  med KTH Royal  Institute of Technology och den svenska stålproducentföreningen Jernkontoret. Detta arbete fokuserar på en undersökning  av  välkända  svenska  stålföretag  Sandvik  Materials  Technology (SMT) AB  och Höganäs AB. Det vetenskapliga arbetet koncentrerar sig på undersökningen av blandat avfall av MgO-C-tegel,  samlat  från Mireco  AB, upp till en kornstorlek på 20 mm. Tre prover med olika kompositioner  och  olika  kornstorlekar  samlades  från  återvinningsstället  och  bearbetades  för kolreduktion. På flera stigar uppnåddes den maximala kolelimineringen vid en temperatur högre än 800 ° C  med en hålltid  längre än 5 timmar.  Böterna  genomgick mekanisk  pressning av 40 MPa  för att bilda pellets med 16 mm och 32 mm i diameter. De viktigaste spårade elementen i MgO,  SiO2,  CaO,  Al2O3 och Fe2O3  kan användas för applikationer inom jordbruksindustrin. MgO finns i den maximala kvantiteten (70-80%). Genom möjlig utvinning av MgO från böterna kan användas i degelindustrin, byggindustrin och stålindustrin för slaggbildning. MgO i form av tillskott  för  magnesiumbristjord  eller kalciummagnesiumoxid för neutralisering av jordens pH genom balansering  av surheten  kan användas. Böternas kompatibilitet kan vara till hjälp för att lösa transportproblem och gynna praktiska tillägg till processer. Sammantaget ger detta arbete en hög   potential   för   att   använda   sådana   eldfasta   avfallsmaterial   för   applikationer   förutomdeponering med tonvikt på jordbruk

lavare lente | a place for slow washing | alexandria, virginia the proposal is for a slow laundering facility for alexandria, virginia. the building is intended to be slow and deliberate in its construction and inhabitation. without conventional machines, the architecture and the individual must take on increased roles in the process of washing. ideas about how slowness relates to memory, drawing and construction, and about how we might ground ourselves in a manageably paced lifestyle are at the root of the thesis. / Master of Architecture

The subject of this diploma thesis was to process the study and the design documentation for a newly built hotel in Brno, in city district “Kníničky” near the artificial dam “Přehrada” in a rest area. The hotel will serve as temporary accommodation for up to 64 hotel guests in single, double and four bed rooms. The object also contains training rooms, offices, a meeting room, a café, a small grocery store and a restaurant with kitchen. Parking is possible in one of the two mass garages and there is an outdoor parking possibility in front of the hotel too. The building has a cast-in-place concrete frame with longitudinal beams and sway bracings. The external wall consists of aerated concrete bricks with contact thermal insulation system ETICS (insulation material mineral wool), the ceilings will be cast-in-place reinforced concrete ceilings and the roof flat green roof or flat roof with gravel on it above the 5th floor. The foundation construction consists of reinforced concrete foundation strips, which expand to foundation pads under the load-bearing columns and will be supported by piled foundations under the most exposed elements. As long as the hotel is situated into a fairly steep slope, the vertical alignment of some building parts is various so part of the project is the design of landscaping works. Design documentation was processed using the program AutoCAD 2017, the study and the visualization using both SketchUp 2015, LayOut 2015 and Lumion 5.

MESMEG / Department of Mining and Environmental Geology / Although clay brick manufacturing has been going on for many years in South Africa, informal small-scale clay brick manufacturing enterprises are not officially regulated. Consequently, informal brick makers in the study area do not adhere to the demanding requirements of the South African National Standards for burnt clay masonry. Therefore, their clay bricks lack uniformity in terms of quality. Preliminary work revealed that over time, buildings constructed with these bricks develop cracks, thereby compromising safety. The importance of product quality management is not well understood in the informal brick manufacturing enterprises. As a result, they do not have any product quality management guidelines. The main purpose of this research was to develop the product quality management guidelines for ensuring quality in small-scale brick making enterprises in Dididi area. The specific objectives were to characterize the raw materials for clay brick manufacturing, identify and assess the technical problems of clay brick production, analyse the process of clay brick production and determine areas where product quality improvement is warranted. The research involved fieldwork which included soil sampling, analysis of clay brick production through the use of questionnaires and onsite observation of the production process, collection of samples of burnt bricks which were examined for compressive strength, water absorption as well as dimension measurements. These were then compared with the prescribed quality standards. Laboratory analyses of samples of raw materials were conducted and these included sieve analysis which was conducted in order to establish the particle size distribution of the raw materials; Atterberg limit tests were conducted in order to establish the physical characteristics of the soil. Chemical and mineralogical analyses were carried out to determine the chemical and mineralogical composition of the soil using XRF and XRD respectively. The textural characterisation of the material revealed abundance of sand sized particles and significantly low amounts of clay and silt. The plasticity of the soil used for bricks manufacturing in the study area was found to be ranging from slight to medium plasticity. Chemical analysis showed elevated silica contents with minor amounts of alumina and iron oxide. XRD analysis revealed the dominance of non-clay minerals with the highest concentration of quartz. The average compressive strengths of the tested brick samples for site A was 3.8, and 2.9 and 3.8 MPa for sites B and C respectively. The water absorption of the bricks was 13.5, 15.0 and 16.1% for samples from Site A, B and C respectively. The bricks dimensions met the recommended standards although their sizes were not uniform. v The survey conducted on brick manufacturing process revealed that the technical inefficiencies were mostly influenced by human and mechanical factors as well as the material inappropriateness. The production process was found to be too manual and labour intensive. Selection of the raw materials for brick manufacturing was based on indigenous knowledge and experience and most of the brick manufacturers lacked the prerequisite experience for making quality bricks. On the basis of the results of this research, it can be concluded that the materials used for manufacturing of clay bricks in Dididi are not well suited for making good quality bricks due to the reduced plasticity of the soil and the high concentration of quartz. These render the bricks brittle. It was also concluded that the production process also contributes to the poor quality of the bricks as the nature of the process was too manual. Selection of materials based merely on knowledge and experience and no scientific tests resulted in selection of inadequate materials which in turn affect the quality of the final bricks. It is therefore recommended that plastic clays be added to the raw clay materials to enhance its moulding property. In addition, materials such as internal fuels and anti-shrinkage materials should be incorporated into the process cycle to prevent cracking during drying and firing. Based on the findings of the analysis of the production process, it is recommended that mechanized techniques be employed in the operation and awareness training conducted to improve the understanding and skills of the brick manufacturers and to ensure production of good quality bricks. / NRF

Pesquisa realizada para analisar o compósito de solo de decapagem (SD) considerado resíduos nas jazidas de minérios, em especial de calcário do município de Almirante Tamandaré, da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba neste trabalho, juntamente com o lodo e sedimentos de dragagem marinha do Porto de Antonina, no Estado do Paraná, e o uso cal virgem comum, como aglomerante pertencente à região de Almirante Tamandaré. Foram utilizados vários teores dos materiais para a determinação de 12 (doze) compósitos. Para o solo de decapagem os teores variaram entre 30% a 60%, para o material de dragagem os teores variaram entre 20% a 50% e o teor de aglomerante de cal virgem comum variou entre 15% a 30%. Foram moldadas idades de cura de 3 dias, 7, 14, 28, 60, 90, 180 e 365 dias. O aumento da resistência à compressão durante a cura foi proveniente das reações químicas das partículas sólidas das matérias-primas em ambiente alcalino gerando novas formações amorfas. Também foram analisados os materiais nos métodos de MEV com EDS, DRX e FRX, para a obtenção da composição química e formação estrutural dos novos compósitos. Todos os resultados da resistência à compressão uniaxial, com 28 dias de cura ao meio ambiente das 12 (doze) composições, obtiveram resultados médios de 7,7 MPa, atendendo satisfatoriamente a norma NBR 7170:1983 que determina a resistência à compressão igual ou acima de 4,0 MPa, destinada à produção de materiais de construção para alvenaria de vedação, sem fins estruturais. Comprovando o uso desses compósitos em materiais de construção civil, principalmente para os segmentos de blocos ou tijolos de vedações, sem fins estruturais, sem a necessidade de cozimento ou empreendimento de energia calorífica para a cura das peças, contribuindo para o meio ambiente e a sustentabilidade ambiental. / Research conducted to analyze the composite with pickling soil (SD), considered waste in mineral deposits, especially of limestone in the city of Almirante Tamandaré, the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba in this work, along with the sludge and marine dredging sediment from the Port of Antonina, State of Paraná, and use the common quicklime as binder belonging to the same region of Almirante Tamandaré. Various amounts of materials were used for the determination of twelve (12) composites. For the stripping soil content ranged from 30% and 60%, for the dredging material contents ranged from 20% and 50% and binder common quicklime content ranged from 15% to 30%. Were molded curing ages of 3 days, 7, 14, 28, 60, 90, 180 and 365 days. The increase in compressive strength during curing was derived from the chemical reactions of solid particles of raw materials in alkaline environment generating the new amorphous formations. Also the raw materials were analyzed in the SEM with EDS method, DRX and FRX, to obtain the chemical composition and formation structures of the new composite. All results of the uniaxial compressive strength, with 28 days of curing the environment of the twelve (12) compositions, obtained average results of 7.7 MPa, satisfactorily meeting the NBR 7170:1983 standard that determines the resistance to compression equal or above 4.0 MPa, for the production of building materials for sealing masonry without structural purposes. Proving the use of these composites in construction materials, especially for thread block or brick fences without structural purposes, without the need for cooking or heating energy project for the healing of parts, contributing to the environment and sustainability Environmental.

This master´s thesis deals with a draft of a health centre building in Chlumec nad Cidlinou. The centre is situated on a corner building site with barrier-free access near the city centre. The building is designed with simple functional lines ground on foundation strips with flat green roof. The perimeter walls, internal load-bearing and shear walls are from vertically perforated T&G block bricks. Internal non-load-bearing prefab walls are coated with plasterboard. Ceiling constructions and an attic are made of monolithic reinforced concrete. The building envelope is insulated with mineral wool. Most of the perimeter walls are coated with breathable facade made of lacquered galvanized lamellas and minor part of walls is compositely insulated and plastered with a scratched facade plaster. The health centre building is notionally divided into two masses with a three-storey west part and two-storey east part of the building. Both parts are mutually connected by vertical communication space with elevator looped by counter clockwise three-flight staircase. Ambulant health care will be provided in total 9 consulting rooms, 3 ambulant care offices and private clinic with 3 consulting rooms. Independent business of the commercial area and café provide the additional function. The master´s thesis also includes assessments in terms of fire risk, energy saving and heat protection, acoustics and vibrations, lighting and sunlight.

This master thesis elaborates the project documentation for the construction of an office building in Krnov city, located in the Moravian-Silesian region. The office building has four utility above-ground floors and one underground floors serving as underground garages. There is a cafe, stationery, showrooms and office space with sanitary facilities. The construction system is designed as a monolithic reinforced concrete skeleton. Vertical infill constructions are made of brick technology from Porotherm ceramic blocks. The ceiling structures are made of filigree panels with hidden steel girders, which are embedded with concrete layer. The basement and the basic structure of the house is designed as a white tub. The building is covered with vegetation roof. The design emphasized increased comfort in use and the overall modern concept of an office building. Overall, the building is designed to the required values for a near zero energy building.