A shelf life trial using a fully balanced factorial experimental design was used to analyse the effects of acidity and light on broccoli juice made on a semi commercial scale over an eight week period in simulated retail refrigerated storage conditions. The research focused on making broccoli juice on a pilot scale, and what happens to the colour, composition and flavour during storage. A pilot scale production of pasteurised broccoli juice was conducted and the juice satisfied microbiological safety limits for the eight week shelf life trial in retail storage conditions. The stability of the green colour of fresh broccoli through processing and storage was assessed. Neutral broccoli juice remained green for four weeks before the colour became more yellow. The acidified juice became yellow on acidification and did not change significantly during storage. Dietary fibre and pectin levels did not change during storage. Chlorophyll and carotenoids levels decreased during storage and were directly influencing the colour changes in the juices. Ascorbic acid levels decreased significantly during processing resulting in low ascorbic acid levels (12 - 15 mg /100ml of juice) at the start of the shelf life trial and dropped further to 2-6 mg /100ml of juice after eight weeks. Acidification and storage in the dark had a protective effect on the degradation of ascorbic acid with only a 58% reduction in ascorbic acid levels compared to an 84% reduction in neutral light stored broccoli juice. The effect of processing and storage on the flavour of the beverage was assessed using a trained sensory panel providing descriptive analysis. The sensory profiles for neutral and acidified juices were extremely different with the unbalanced acidity suppressing the perception of the basic tastes, sweet, salty and bitter. The neutral juice sensory profile only changed slightly in aroma attributes during storage for seven weeks. The astringent aftertaste of the acidified juice increased while the broccoli smell decreased during storage. The results from this research indicate that the production of a broccoli juice with a yellow green colour and some retained nutritional components is achievable with a refrigerated (4 °C) shelf life of 30 days in light excluding glass packaging. The neutral juice is recommended as it was greener and had a broccoli flavour.A shelf life trial using a fully balanced factorial experimental design was used to analyse the effects of acidity and light on broccoli juice made on a semi commercial scale over an eight week period in simulated retail refrigerated storage conditions. The research focused on making broccoli juice on a pilot scale, and what happens to the colour, composition and flavour during storage. A pilot scale production of pasteurised broccoli juice was conducted and the juice satisfied microbiological safety limits for the eight week shelf life trial in retail storage conditions. The stability of the green colour of fresh broccoli through processing and storage was assessed. Neutral broccoli juice remained green for four weeks before the colour became more yellow. The acidified juice became yellow on acidification and did not change significantly during storage. Dietary fibre and pectin levels did not change during storage. Chlorophyll and carotenoids levels decreased during storage and were directly influencing the colour changes in the juices. Ascorbic acid levels decreased significantly during processing resulting in low ascorbic acid levels (12 - 15 mg /100ml of juice) at the start of the shelf life trial and dropped further to 2-6 mg /100ml of juice after eight weeks. Acidification and storage in the dark had a protective effect on the degradation of ascorbic acid with only a 58% reduction in ascorbic acid levels compared to an 84% reduction in neutral light stored broccoli juice. The effect of processing and storage on the flavour of the beverage was assessed using a trained sensory panel providing descriptive analysis. The sensory profiles for neutral and acidified juices were extremely different with the unbalanced acidity suppressing the perception of the basic tastes, sweet, salty and bitter. The neutral juice sensory profile only changed slightly in aroma attributes during storage for seven weeks. The astringent aftertaste of the acidified juice increased while the broccoli smell decreased during storage. The results from this research indicate that the production of a broccoli juice with a yellow green colour and some retained nutritional components is achievable with a refrigerated (4 °C) shelf life of 30 days in light excluding glass packaging. The neutral juice is recommended as it was greener and had a broccoli flavour.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:45:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 basseto_ma_dr_botfca.pdf: 601741 bytes, checksum: 682ae120d3b404d74fd6cd7839640f84 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A incorporação de culturas específicas associadas à solarização do solo tem sido apresentada como um avanço muito promissor para o controle de fungos fitopatogênicos habitantes do solo. Além das brássicaceas, comumente utilizadas, novos materiais vegetais como a mandioca e a mamona têm apresentado potencial para controle desses fitopatógenos. Vários fatores são apontados como responsáveis pelo controle, entre eles os voláteis oriundos da decomposição dos vegetais. Assim, este trabalho foi idealizado com dois objetivos divididos em duas etapas complementares: biológica - avaliar o efeito ocasionado pela incorporação e decomposição de parte aérea de brócolis, mamona e mandioca brava e mandioca mansa, associadas à simulação da solarização, sobre diferentes estruturas dos fungos Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Raça 2, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI e Sclerotium rolfsii; química - identificar e apontar dentro de cada material vegetal qual(is) é(são) o(s) volátil(eis) potencial(ais) pelo controle das estruturas dos fungos. Na primeira etapa, quatro ensaios idênticos foram instalados em conjuntos de microcosmos, com quatro períodos de exposição diferentes e independentes (7, 14, 21 e 28 dias), avaliando efeitos no crescimento micelial (inócuo, fungistático e fungicida) e na sobrevivência das estruturas de resistência dos fungos de solo. Verificou-se efeito fungistático e fungicida no crescimento micelial de F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Raça 2, R. solani AG-4 HGI e de S. rolfsii. O efeito fungicida apenas ocorreu aos 21 dias de incubação para F. oxysporum e R. solani e aos 28 dias para S. rolfsii. Para M. phaseolina, observou-se apenas efeito inócuo. Os tratamentos solo+materiais vegetais, ao longo dos períodos testados, reduziram, significativamente, a sobrevivência das estruturas de resistência de todos os fungos... / The incorporation of specific cultures associated with solarization has been a highly promising advance to control phytopathogenic fungi inhabiting the soil. In addition to the commonly used Brassicaceae, new plant materials such as cassava and castor plants have shown potential to control these phytopathogens. Several factors are considered responsible for this control, including volatile compounds from plant decomposition. Thus, the present work was divided into two complementary steps according to its two major aims: biological step – to evaluate the effect of the incorporation and decomposition of broccoli, castor and cassava (bitter and sweet) shoot, associated with simulated solarization, on different structures of the fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Race 2, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI and Sclerotium rolfsii; chemical step – to identify for each plant material which volatile compound(s) present(s) potential to control fungal structures. In the first step, four identical assays were established in groups of microcosms, with four different and independent exposure periods (7, 14, 21 and 28 days), to evaluate the effects on mycelial growth (innocuous, fungistatic and fungicide) and survival of resistance structures of soil fungi. Fungistatic and fungicide effects were detected on the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Race 2, R. solani AG-4 HGI and S. rolfsii. Fungicidal effect occurred only at 21 days of incubation for F. oxysporum and R. solani and at 28 days for S. rolfsii. As regards M. phaseolina, only an innocuous effect was observed. The treatments soil+plant material, over the tested periods, significantly reduced the survival of resistance structures for all fungi. In general, broccoli and bitter and sweet cassava had expressive... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Hyperparasitism of beneficial parasites of Pieris rapae was studied on Brassica crops in Montgomery County, Virginia. The goal of the study was to determine whether the hyperparasites attacking the larval parasites of P. rapae were capable of eliminating an introduced population of the larval parasite Cotesia rubecula (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Pieris rapae was found to be active from April to November with possibly six generations per year in this region. It was attacked throughout this period by five generations of the larval parasite Cotesia glomerata (L.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Although P. rapae larvae were twice as numerous on broccoli (var. Premium Crop) than on cabbage (var. Rio Verde), a higher proportion of P. rapae larvae was parasitized by C. glomerata on cabbage, indicating that C. glomerata preferred to forage for P. rapae in cabbage. In spring plantings, up to 36.9% of C. glomerata cocoon masses had been affected by the hyperparasite T. galaetopus (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: (Eulophidae) and 23.3% by the hyperparasite Spiloehaleis torvina Cresson (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). In the fall, 93.2% and 4.2% of the cocoon masses were affected by T. galaetopus and S. torvina, respectively. Tetrastiehus galaetopus activity was observed from May to November, but it was most active after mid July. Tetrastiehus ga/aetopus had little impact on the gregarious C. glomerata, and even though it could affect >90% of the C. glomerata cocoon masses for extended periods, 500/0 of the cocoons in each mass were unaffected. However, it's high reproductive capacity could adversely affect a solitary host such as C. rubecula. Spilochalcis torvina was observed as early as late May but it was most active during the mid summer months. It's reproductive activity ceased by early October even though hosts were abundant in the month which followed. Four generations were seen between June and October. Spilochalcis torvina's hosts were Cotesia orobenae Forbes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), C. glomerata, and Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), but the principal host was C. glomerata. However, the proportion of female S. torvina progenies was <31% from the Cotesia spp. hosts and 70% from P. xylostella hosts. Spilochalcis torvina typically hyperparasitized <4 pupae per Cotesia spp. cocoon mass in the field. In laboratory experiments, S. torvina hyperparasitized an average of <7 C. rubecula pupae daily, and the maximum number hyperparasitized was 12. Due to its apparently low reproductive rate in the laboratory, and its low rate of hyperparasitization on hosts in the field, it is unlikely that S. torvina is a danger to populations of parasites like C. rubecula. / Master of Science

High-biomass cover cropping enhances marketable yields in organic production of vegetables, linked to the improvement of soil quality and weed control. Although, during transition from chemical to organic cover-cropping production, especially with no-till systems, reduction of nitrogen availability to the main crop and increase in weed and pest pressure may occur. In 2004-2005, summer and fall broccoli (Brassica oleraceae L. Botrytis Group) crops were grown in twin rows on permanent (controlled traffic) raised beds (185-cm wide). Before broccoli transplanting, high-biomass cover crops were grown in specific bed areas. Legumes (Vicia villosa, Glycine max L., and Crotolaria juncea L.) on bed tops (grow zones) and grass species (Secale Cereale L., Setaria italica L., and Sorghum bicolor X S. bicolor var. Sudanese) in the alleyways (bed shoulders and bottoms). Experimental treatments were tillage (conventional, CT; and no-tillage, NT), farmscaping (with and without), and nitrogen sidedressing (with and without, applied 3 weeks after transplanting as a mixture of sodium nitrate - 22 kg N ha-1 - and feathermeal - 44 kg N ha-1). Weeds were managed by mechanical cultivation in CT and a spot weeding by hand in NT treatments. High numbers of beneficial insects (Cotesia glomerata, Cotesia orobenae and Diadegma insulare) kept the primary insect pest population (Pieris rapae, Evergestis rimosalis (Guenee), and Plutella xylostella) at a pest to predator ratio below 4:1. Although the excellent insect pest control was attributed to the farmscape plantings, pest level and crop yields were not significantly affected by farmscaping (likely due to the close proximity of the farmscaped plots (10-50m from non-farmscaped)). Broccoli yield averaged 62% higher in fall than summer (12.1 vs. 7.5 t ha-1) likely due to cool weather conditions during broccoli head development (October), increasing head size, uniformity, and marketability. In 2004, broccoli yield in CT plots was either equal or slightly higher than NT (9.5 vs. 9.0 t ha-1). However, in 2005, broccoli yield in CT plots was significantly higher in both spring (8.8 vs. 6.8 t ha-1; p = 0.0258) and fall crops (13.5 vs. 12.3 t ha-1 with p = 0.0484). Nitrogen sidedressing improved yield in all plots (9.8. vs. 12.7 t ha-1) and particularly in NT (8.6 vs. 12.1 t ha-1), indicating that availability and/or synchrony of nitrogen was a limiting factor. Incorporating high-N legume residues in the grow zones resulted in a lesser N response in CT. / Master of Science

On s’intéresse aux impacts des pesticides sur la microflore des plantes surtout dans le contexte des légumes contaminés par des agents pathogènes. Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer l'impact de certains pesticides sur la persistance de micro-organismes indicateurs et pathogènes. En laboratoire, la persistance d’E. coli et de Salmonella en présence de quatre pesticides (Ripcord 400EC, Copper 53W, Bioprotec CAF, Serenade MAX) a été étudiée. Les plaques de Pétrifilm et le milieu sélectif XLD sont utilisés pour énumérer les populations d’E. coli et de Salmonella. Il a été démontré que le Serenade MAX favorisait la croissance microbienne, le Bioprotec CAF et le Ripcord 400EC soutenaient la survie microbienne et le Copper 53W inhibait la croissance, à la fois d’E. coli et de Salmonella. En conditions terrain, Ripcord 400EC, Copper 53W, Bioprotec CAF ont été étudiés sur une culture de brocoli irriguée avec de l'eau expérimentalement contaminée par E. coli. Dans tous les traitements, un impact de l’irrigation a été observé sur les populations de levures et de moisissures (diminution) et les bactéries aérobies totales (augmentation). Une prévalence supérieure d’E. coli a été observée dans les parcelles traitées avec le Bioprotec CAF comparativement aux traitements au Copper 53W, ce qui est en accord avec les résultats observés lors de l'essai en laboratoire. Cependant, l'analyse statistique n'a montré aucune différence significative entre les traitements appliqués. Les effets directs des pesticides sur les micro-organismes sont confirmés dans des conditions de laboratoire mais demeurent méconnus dans les conditions expérimentales au champ. / There is a concern about the impact of pesticide on plant microflora, especially in the context of vegetables contaminated with pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of various pesticides on indicator and pathogenic microorganisms’ persistence. In laboratory, survival of E. coli and Salmonella in four pesticides (Ripcord 400EC, Copper 53W, Bioprotec CAF, Serenade MAX) was evaluated. Petrifilm count plates and XLD agar were used to enumerate E. coli and Salmonella counts. Results showed a direct effect of various pesticides on microorganisms: Serenade MAX promoted microbial growth; Bioprotec CAF and Ripcord 400EC supported microbial survival; and Copper 53W inhibited both E. coli and Salmonella growth. In field conditions, three pesticides (Ripcord 400EC, Copper 53W, Bioprotec CAF) were studied on broccoli irrigated with E. coli - contaminated water. Broccoli samples were analyzed to determine E. coli, mold and yeast, and total aerobic counts. Irrigation resulted in mold and yeast counts decline but aerobic bacteria populations increased slightly in all treatments. Higher E. coli prevalence in Bioprotec CAF treatments compared to Copper 53W treatments was consistent with results observed during the laboratory assay. However, statistical analysis showed no significant difference between treatments. The direct effect of pesticides on microorganisms under laboratory conditions was demonstrated but it is still unclear under experimental field conditions.

Resumo: A incorporação de culturas específicas associadas à solarização do solo tem sido apresentada como um avanço muito promissor para o controle de fungos fitopatogênicos habitantes do solo. Além das brássicaceas, comumente utilizadas, novos materiais vegetais como a mandioca e a mamona têm apresentado potencial para controle desses fitopatógenos. Vários fatores são apontados como responsáveis pelo controle, entre eles os voláteis oriundos da decomposição dos vegetais. Assim, este trabalho foi idealizado com dois objetivos divididos em duas etapas complementares: biológica - avaliar o efeito ocasionado pela incorporação e decomposição de parte aérea de brócolis, mamona e mandioca brava e mandioca mansa, associadas à simulação da solarização, sobre diferentes estruturas dos fungos Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Raça 2, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI e Sclerotium rolfsii; química - identificar e apontar dentro de cada material vegetal qual(is) é(são) o(s) volátil(eis) potencial(ais) pelo controle das estruturas dos fungos. Na primeira etapa, quatro ensaios idênticos foram instalados em conjuntos de microcosmos, com quatro períodos de exposição diferentes e independentes (7, 14, 21 e 28 dias), avaliando efeitos no crescimento micelial (inócuo, fungistático e fungicida) e na sobrevivência das estruturas de resistência dos fungos de solo. Verificou-se efeito fungistático e fungicida no crescimento micelial de F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Raça 2, R. solani AG-4 HGI e de S. rolfsii. O efeito fungicida apenas ocorreu aos 21 dias de incubação para F. oxysporum e R. solani e aos 28 dias para S. rolfsii. Para M. phaseolina, observou-se apenas efeito inócuo. Os tratamentos solo+materiais vegetais, ao longo dos períodos testados, reduziram, significativamente, a sobrevivência das estruturas de resistência de todos os fungos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The incorporation of specific cultures associated with solarization has been a highly promising advance to control phytopathogenic fungi inhabiting the soil. In addition to the commonly used Brassicaceae, new plant materials such as cassava and castor plants have shown potential to control these phytopathogens. Several factors are considered responsible for this control, including volatile compounds from plant decomposition. Thus, the present work was divided into two complementary steps according to its two major aims: biological step - to evaluate the effect of the incorporation and decomposition of broccoli, castor and cassava (bitter and sweet) shoot, associated with simulated solarization, on different structures of the fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Race 2, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI and Sclerotium rolfsii; chemical step - to identify for each plant material which volatile compound(s) present(s) potential to control fungal structures. In the first step, four identical assays were established in groups of microcosms, with four different and independent exposure periods (7, 14, 21 and 28 days), to evaluate the effects on mycelial growth (innocuous, fungistatic and fungicide) and survival of resistance structures of soil fungi. Fungistatic and fungicide effects were detected on the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Race 2, R. solani AG-4 HGI and S. rolfsii. Fungicidal effect occurred only at 21 days of incubation for F. oxysporum and R. solani and at 28 days for S. rolfsii. As regards M. phaseolina, only an innocuous effect was observed. The treatments soil+plant material, over the tested periods, significantly reduced the survival of resistance structures for all fungi. In general, broccoli and bitter and sweet cassava had expressive... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Edson Luiz Furtado / Coorientador: César Junior Bueno / Banca: Francisco Maximino Fernandes / Banca: Marli Teixeira de Almeida Minhoni / Banca: Flavia Rodrigues Alves Patricio / Banca: Fabio Augusto / Banca: Marcia Michelle de Queiroz Ambrósio / Doutor

On s’intéresse aux impacts des pesticides sur la microflore des plantes surtout dans le contexte des légumes contaminés par des agents pathogènes. Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer l'impact de certains pesticides sur la persistance de micro-organismes indicateurs et pathogènes. En laboratoire, la persistance d’E. coli et de Salmonella en présence de quatre pesticides (Ripcord 400EC, Copper 53W, Bioprotec CAF, Serenade MAX) a été étudiée. Les plaques de Pétrifilm et le milieu sélectif XLD sont utilisés pour énumérer les populations d’E. coli et de Salmonella. Il a été démontré que le Serenade MAX favorisait la croissance microbienne, le Bioprotec CAF et le Ripcord 400EC soutenaient la survie microbienne et le Copper 53W inhibait la croissance, à la fois d’E. coli et de Salmonella. En conditions terrain, Ripcord 400EC, Copper 53W, Bioprotec CAF ont été étudiés sur une culture de brocoli irriguée avec de l'eau expérimentalement contaminée par E. coli. Dans tous les traitements, un impact de l’irrigation a été observé sur les populations de levures et de moisissures (diminution) et les bactéries aérobies totales (augmentation). Une prévalence supérieure d’E. coli a été observée dans les parcelles traitées avec le Bioprotec CAF comparativement aux traitements au Copper 53W, ce qui est en accord avec les résultats observés lors de l'essai en laboratoire. Cependant, l'analyse statistique n'a montré aucune différence significative entre les traitements appliqués. Les effets directs des pesticides sur les micro-organismes sont confirmés dans des conditions de laboratoire mais demeurent méconnus dans les conditions expérimentales au champ. / There is a concern about the impact of pesticide on plant microflora, especially in the context of vegetables contaminated with pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of various pesticides on indicator and pathogenic microorganisms’ persistence. In laboratory, survival of E. coli and Salmonella in four pesticides (Ripcord 400EC, Copper 53W, Bioprotec CAF, Serenade MAX) was evaluated. Petrifilm count plates and XLD agar were used to enumerate E. coli and Salmonella counts. Results showed a direct effect of various pesticides on microorganisms: Serenade MAX promoted microbial growth; Bioprotec CAF and Ripcord 400EC supported microbial survival; and Copper 53W inhibited both E. coli and Salmonella growth. In field conditions, three pesticides (Ripcord 400EC, Copper 53W, Bioprotec CAF) were studied on broccoli irrigated with E. coli - contaminated water. Broccoli samples were analyzed to determine E. coli, mold and yeast, and total aerobic counts. Irrigation resulted in mold and yeast counts decline but aerobic bacteria populations increased slightly in all treatments. Higher E. coli prevalence in Bioprotec CAF treatments compared to Copper 53W treatments was consistent with results observed during the laboratory assay. However, statistical analysis showed no significant difference between treatments. The direct effect of pesticides on microorganisms under laboratory conditions was demonstrated but it is still unclear under experimental field conditions.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In olericulture, the highest interest is aimed at the production of commercial fruits. These experiments usually evaluate variables such as phytomass and number of fruits. However, these variables present a peculiar characteristic related to their presence or absence at the moment of harvesting. This attribute is represented by the occurrence of zero values for these variables, generating some variability and affecting the data variation analysis. In this study, experiments with summer squash, sweet pepper and broccoli were analyzed using the Box-Cox transformation family. Since it is restricted for null values, an adaptation suggested by Yamamura (1999) was used. It was concluded that for each culture and each variable studied, there is a need for differentiated transformations. In this context, in the experiment using summer squash, the indicated transformation is the square root. For sweet pepper, the indicated transformation is the inverted square root and for broccoli, the indicated transformation is the logarithmic function. Despite the reduced variability observed in all experiments, the use of the method was not sufficient to make these variances homoscedastic. / Em olericultura, o interesse maior é a produção de frutos comercializáveis. Nesses experimentos comumente são avaliadas variáveis como fitomassa e número de frutos. No entanto, essas variáveis apresentam uma característica particular que está relacionada com sua ausência ou presença, no momento da colheita. Este atributo está representado pela ocorrência de valores zeros, para essas variáveis, gerando variabilidade e afetando a análise de variação dos dados. Neste estudo, analisaram-se experimentos com culturas da abobrinha italiana, pimentão e brócolis, utilizando-se a família de transformações de Box-Cox. Como para valores nulos, esta fica restrita, utilizou-se uma adaptação sugerida por Yamamura (1999). Concluiu-se que, para cada cultura e cada variável estudada existe a necessidade de transformações diferenciadas. Sendo assim, tem-se que para o experimento com abobrinha italiana, a transformação indicada é a raiz quarta. Para pimentão, a transformação indicada é o inverso da raiz quarta. E para brócolis, a transformação mais adequada é a logarítmica. Apesar da redução na variabilidade, observada em todos os experimentos, o uso do método não foi suficiente para tornar as variâncias homocedásticas.

Dysphagia is a serious eating disorder currently affecting around 100 thousand people in Sweden and it’s estimated that 1 in 10 people will develop some form of dysphagia during their lifetime around the world. The condition occurs mainly in elders and people who’ve suffered a stroke. The disorder prohibits proper swallowing of food, impairing the ability to close airways and let food enter the proper pathways. Patients with dysphagia have to eat grounded food in order to not suffer from malnutrition. The food is usually served in timbales which are sometimes decorated but might not look as appealing or realistic as one might think. The repetitive and unrealistic food creates further appetite loss which may lead to malnutrition. This is the case amongst many elderly in home care and the complications maybe very serious indeed, leading to organ dysfunction, hospitalization and eventually death. The current timbales made at the kitchens for elderly care in Helsingborg are punched with a tool in rectangular, circular shapes and often decorated. A solution would be to increase the aesthetics of the served timbales and make them realistically looking. 3D printing offers numerous new opportunities for food production and may very well set a standard in the future for producing aesthetically pleasing food. Silicone molds may also provide the same, if not better results at the time being at a fraction of the price, sufficing to revert any negative impacts of the current timbale appearance. In the hopes of proving both concepts the work will initially be focused on preparing a broccoli but also applying one of the concepts on a cinnamon bun providing additional application. This report presents the progress of designing a realistic 3D broccoli model, product development of a realistic broccoli food mold, 3D scanning, 3D food printing and a literature study. The designed model could not be printed due to the printing gel’s incapability of supporting complex structures. Instead master shapes created for shaping the food mold were scanned, sliced and printed. The same masters were used as means for a second food mold. Both food molds did manage to cast realistic shapes with a broccoli puré and of a soft gelatine suspension. Material alternatives were evaluated as well as manufacturing possibilities. The designed broccoli and a refined scanned broccoli were both offered for free as means for further research and development.

No description available.