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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Aspectos bioecol?gicos da culicidofauna em unidade de conserva??o no munic?pio de N?sia Floresta, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Silva, Jos? Hil?rio Tavares da 30 September 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-01-16T17:11:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseHilarioTavaresDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 1136602 bytes, checksum: c33e551f37120e471667329c4fd818bc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-19T14:21:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseHilarioTavaresDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 1136602 bytes, checksum: c33e551f37120e471667329c4fd818bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-19T14:21:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseHilarioTavaresDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 1136602 bytes, checksum: c33e551f37120e471667329c4fd818bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Em diversas regi?es do pa?s foram realizados estudos da fauna de culic?deos em ?reas antropizadas de ambientes variados, urbanos, rurais e florestais. A Floresta Nacional de N?sia Floresta (FLONA-NF), localizada na regi?o Metropolitana de Natal, ? um remanescente de Mata Atl?ntica submetida a hist?ricas etapas de antropiza??o. Os fragmentos encontram-se em lenta regenera??o da mata nativa, portanto apresenta uma heterogeneidade de habitats, o que permite o desenvolvimento de esp?cies de culic?deos com variados h?bitos hematof?gicos e comportamentais, tais fatores estimularam a realiza??o do presente estudo na unidade de conserva??o. Os estudos com culic?deos permitem tamb?m avaliar o grau de altera??o ambiental em algumas regi?es. Esses insetos participam das cadeias epidemiol?gicas de doen?as com distribui??o geogr?fica extensa e ocorr?ncia em grandes grupos populacionais, tornando necess?rio o conhecimento das caracter?sticas biol?gicas das esp?cies com a finalidade de se conhecer pontos vulner?veis que facilitem o controle dos insetos vetores. Com o objetivo de realizar o primeiro levantamento de culicideos na ?rea preservada de N?sia Floresta foram realizadas coletas mensais de mosquitos adultos e imaturos por meio de quatro procedimentos metodol?gicos, coletas com armadilha Shannon, aspirador de Nasci, em brom?lias e larvitrampas entre fevereiro de 2013 e fevereiro de 2014. Foram coletados e identificados morfologicamente por meio de chaves entomol?gicas de identifica??o espec?fica, 8.299 indiv?duos, com a seguinte distribui??o: 7.677 mosquitos adultos coletados na armadilha Shannon; 397 mosquitos capturados por meio de aspirador el?trico de Nasci; 93 e 132 mosquitos imaturos em larvitrampas e brom?lias respectivamente. Entre os culic?deos foram encontrados nove g?neros com 19 esp?cies e 3 g?neros sem identifica??o da esp?cie. O presente estudo mostra-se relevante por ser o primeiro estudo realizado no local, com registro de ocorr?ncia de esp?cies no Rio Grande do Norte; pelo acr?scimo de informa??es sobre a ecologia dos culicideos e por acrescentar conhecimento sobre t?xons com import?ncia m?dica em outras regi?es do pa?s. Al?m disso, sinaliza para a import?ncia da conserva??o do fragmento florestal de mata atl?ntica e an?lises acerca da urbaniza??o das ?reas do entorno da unidade de conserva??o considerando a aproxima??o potencial de hospedeiros invertebrados, vertebrados e consequentemente a veicula??o de pat?genos com impacto na sa?de p?blica. / Studies on culicid fauna were conducted in anthropized areas of urban, rural and forest environments in different regions of Brazil. The National Forest of Nisia Floresta (FLONANF), located in the metropolitan region of Natal, is an Atlantic Forest remnant submitted to historical stages of anthropization. The fragments are in a stage of slow regeneration of native forest, exhibiting, therefore, heterogeneity of habitats, which enables the development of culicid species with varied hematophagic and behavioral habits. These factors stimulated the present study at the conservation unit. Studies of culicids also allow assessing the degree of environmental change in a number of regions. These insects participate in the epidemiological chains of diseases with extensive geographic distribution and occurrence of large population groups, requiring knowledge of the biological characteristics of species in order to determine the vulnerable points that facilitate control of vector insects. With the aim of performing the first culicid survey in the preserved area of Nisia Floresta, monthly collections of adult and immature mosquitoes were conducted by means of four methodological procedures, using a Shannon trap and Nasci aspirator in bromelias and larvitraps between February 2013 and February 2014. A total of 8,299 individuals were collected and identified morphologically using identification keys. The following distribution was obtained: 7,677 adult mosquitoes collected in the Shannon trap; 397 mosquitoes captured by the Nasci aspirator; and 93 and 132 immature mosquitoes in larvitraps and bromelias respectively. Nine genera of culicids were found with 19 species and three genera without species identification. The present study is relevant for being the first conducted at the site, with the occurrence of species in Rio Grande do Norte state; for adding knowledge about both the ecology of culicids and taxa with medical importance in other parts of the country. Furthermore, it highlights the need for conservation of the Atlantic Forest fragment and analyses regarding urbanization of areas surrounding the conservation unit, considering the potential presence of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts and consequent spread of pathogens with an impact on public health.
2

Caracteriza??o por DNA metabarcoding da biodiversidade de ambientes neotropicais : investiga??o das comunidades presentes em fitotelmos de brom?lias e sedimentos marinhos / DNA Metabarcoding for biodiversity characterization of Neotropical environments : study of bromeliad phytotelmata and marine sediments communities

Sim?o, Taiz Leonor Lopes 21 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-09-01T14:06:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_TAIZ_LEONOR_LOPES_SIMAO_PARCIAL.pdf: 2732878 bytes, checksum: 08260c799afa4ff20f3fbc3bb9d891dd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-01T14:06:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_TAIZ_LEONOR_LOPES_SIMAO_PARCIAL.pdf: 2732878 bytes, checksum: 08260c799afa4ff20f3fbc3bb9d891dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-21 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This project applied the DNA metabarcoding technique, which consists of a large-scale identification of the biodiversity present in a given community (through the total DNA sequencing without the need for isolation and laboratory cultivation) in two underexplored Brazilian environments with high biological diversity. The first is a typical Neotropical microenvironment, called bromeliad phytotelm, which is formed by the accumulation of water and debris among the leaves of these plants. The bromeliads investigated in this study were sampled in areas of dense ombrophilus forest and mixed ombrophilus forest in southern Brazil (located at the ?Pro-Mata? Research Center), and belonged to the species Aechmea gamosepala Wittmack, Vriesea friburgensis Mez and Vriesea platynema Gaud. The collection comprised multiple individuals per species and also multiple samples (different tanks) from the same individual, making it possible to assess the complexity of the variation in these communities. The second environment consists of marine sediments collected in the Rio Grande Cone (located in southeastern Brazil, in the offshore portion of the Pelotas Basin), at depths of down to 18 meters below the seafloor. The samples originated from four different areas, with different geochemical characteristics and strong indications of the presence of chemosynthetic communities. This study demonstrated the presence of high biodiversity in both environments. We identified 30 prokaryotic phyla and 67 eukaryotic phyla in bromeliad phytotelmata, which seem to include both endemic organisms of this peculiar environment and organisms with ubiquitous distribution, common in freshwater or soil habitats. An interesting feature is that, in some cases, samples from different tanks of the same individual are more similar to tanks of other individuals (and even from other species) than between them. Thus, our results suggest that each bromeliad tank acts as an isolated body of water, where the effects of predation, competition and stochastic events such as wind-borne particles, fecal pellets and liquid excretions of terrestrial animals, dead leaves and animals can largely drive the community composition. Concerning the marine sediments, we observed the presence of 58 prokaryotic phyla, many of which are present in other chemosynthetic communities. Among these organisms were identified anaerobic methanotrophic archaeal groups and their syntrophic partners (sulfate-reducing bacteria), which together form a consortium with a significant role in the anaerobic oxidation of methane, a very important process that controls the emission of this greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. Statistical analysis performed in both studies sought to describe patterns of diversity of these communities at different spatial scales and to interpret them in the light of current knowledge about these environments. Overall, the results obtained in this thesis reveal in detail the complexity of these communities, opening new ways for further studies focusing on the processes that control their spatio-temporal dynamics. / O presente projeto aplicou a t?cnica de DNA metabarcoding, que visa caracterizar em larga escala a biodiversidade presente em determinada comunidade (atrav?s do sequenciamento do DNA total e sem a necessidade de cultivo ou isolamento), em dois ambientes brasileiros pouco explorados e com grande riqueza de esp?cies. O primeiro ? um microambiente t?pico da regi?o neotropical, denominado fitotelmo de brom?lia, o qual ? formado pelo ac?mulo de ?gua e detritos entre as folhas destas plantas. As brom?lias investigadas neste estudo foram amostradas em ?reas de Floresta Ombr?fila Densa e/ou Mista no sul do Brasil (localizadas no Centro de Pesquisas e Conserva??o da Natureza Pr?-Mata, PUCRS), e pertencem ?s esp?cies Aechmea gamosepala Wittmack, Vriesea friburgensis Mez e Vriesea platynema Gaud. A coleta englobou m?ltiplos indiv?duos por esp?cie e tamb?m m?ltiplas amostras (diferentes cisternas) do mesmo indiv?duo, possibilitando avaliar a complexidade da varia??o nestas comunidades. O segundo ambiente consiste de sedimentos marinhos coletados no Cone de Rio Grande (situado no sudeste do Brasil, na por??o offshore da Bacia de Pelotas), em profundidades de at? 18 metros abaixo do fundo do mar. As amostras s?o provenientes de quatro ?reas distintas, apresentando diferentes caracter?sticas geoqu?micas e fortes ind?cios da presen?a de comunidades quimiossint?ticas. Nossa investiga??o observou grande diversidade biol?gica em ambos os ambientes. Foram identificados 30 filos de procariotos e 67 filos de eucariotos nos fitotelmos de brom?lia, os quais parecem compreender tanto organismos end?micos deste ambiente peculiar como organismos com distribui??o cosmopolita, comuns em habitats de ?gua doce ou solo. Uma caracter?stica interessante ? que, em alguns casos, amostras provenientes de diferentes cisternas do mesmo indiv?duo s?o mais semelhantes a cisternas de outros indiv?duos (e mesmo de outras esp?cies) do que entre si. Desta forma, nossos resultados indicam que cada cisterna atua como um corpo d??gua isolado, onde os efeitos de preda??o, competi??o e eventos estoc?sticos como part?culas carregadas pelo vento, restos de folhas ou animais mortos, bem como excre??es de animais, podem interferir fortemente na composi??o espec?fica da comunidade local. Em rela??o aos sedimentos marinhos, observamos a presen?a de 58 filos procari?ticos, os quais compreendem diversos t?xons j? caracterizados em outras comunidades quimiossint?ticas marinhas. Entre estes organismos, foram identificadas arqueas metanotr?ficas e seus parceiros sintr?ficos (bact?rias redutoras de sulfato), que juntos formam um cons?rcio cujo papel ? fundamental na oxida??o anaer?bica do metano, um importante processo que controla a emiss?o deste g?s de efeito estufa para a atmosfera. An?lises estat?sticas realizadas em ambos os estudos buscaram descrever padr?es de diversidade destas comunidades em diferentes escalas espaciais, bem como interpret?-los ? luz do conhecimento atual sobre estes ambientes. De forma geral, os resultados obtidos nesta tese revelam em detalhe a complexidade destas comunidades, e abrem caminho para estudos mais aprofundados dos processos que controlam sua din?mica espa?o-temporal.
3

Herpetofauna associada ? brom?lia rup?cola, encholirium spectabile, no semi?rido brasileiro: revis?o da literatura, ecologia das esp?cies e comportamento de psychosaura agmosticha (squamata: mabuyidae)

Jorge, Jaqueiuto da Silva 20 April 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-22T22:44:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JaqueiutoDaSilvaJorge_DISSERT.pdf: 2432483 bytes, checksum: 9b636e72f0c2648983e4b2baeed6a869 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-25T22:18:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JaqueiutoDaSilvaJorge_DISSERT.pdf: 2432483 bytes, checksum: 9b636e72f0c2648983e4b2baeed6a869 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-25T22:18:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JaqueiutoDaSilvaJorge_DISSERT.pdf: 2432483 bytes, checksum: 9b636e72f0c2648983e4b2baeed6a869 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / As brom?lias constituem importante microhabitat para a herpetofauna, pois s?o bastante utilizadas como abrigo contra predadores, al?m de sua arquitetura foliar possibilitar manuten??o de umidade e temperatura relativamente constantes no seu interior, compondo um ambiente favor?vel para os anf?bios e r?pteis, especialmente em ?reas sob estresse h?drico. No entanto, os estudos que tratam dessa rela??o ainda s?o incipientes e mais concentrados sobre as brom?lias fitotelmatas acumuladoras de ?gua. No caso das brom?lias rup?colas n?o fitotelmatas do g?nero Encholirium, que se desenvolvem em afloramentos rochosos e abrigam esp?cies de regi?es semi?ridas como as Caatingas, as rela??es animais-plantas s?o praticamente desconhecidas. Nesse contexto, este estudo teve como objetivos estudar a fauna herpetol?gica habitante das brom?lias macambiras, Encholirium spectabile, analisando a ocupa??o e uso destas brom?lias pelos diferentes t?xons, e a ecologia comportamental do largarto Psychosaura agmosticha, buscando identificar os fatores associadas com esta rela??o estrita em ?rea de Caatinga. Uma ampla revis?o da literatura mundial acerca do tema lagartos em brom?lias subsidiou este estudo sob a perspectiva ecol?gica dessa associa??o. O trabalho de campo foi realizado na Fazenda Tanques, munic?pio de Santa Maria/RN, mesorregi?o do Agreste potiguar, com as observa??es e/ou coletas diurnas e noturnas efetuadas mensalmente, durante tr?s dias consecutivos, de Janeiro de 2011 a Agosto de 2012, totalizando 450 horas.homem de esfor?o amostral. Registraram-se dezesseis esp?cies, seis de lagartos (Fam?lias Mabuyidae, Tropiduridae, Gekkonidae e Phyllodactylidae), seis de serpentes (Fam?lias Boidae e Dipsadidae) e quatro de anf?bios da Fam?lia Hylidae. O efeito da borda da mata sobre a distribui??o das esp?cies ao longo do afloramento foi significativo, com a maioria das esp?cies encontradas nas bordas do afloramento. Constataram-se diferen?a significativa entre alguns pares de esp?cies com rela??o ao uso 2 das brom?lias, e sobreposi??o de nicho quase total no uso de microhabitat. 62.5% das esp?cies s?o de h?bito noturno e utilizaram essas plantas para abrigo, reprodu??o e alimenta??o. Quanto ?s rela??es entre o lagarto Psychosaura agmosticha e as brom?lias macambiras, foram registrados os comportamentos de termorregula??o e de forrageio nas esta??es seca e chuvosa. Os per?odos de atividade foram concentrados entre 07 e 10 h e entre 15 e 17 horas nas duas esta??es, demostrando um padr?o claramente bimodal. A esp?cie usou basicamente as folhas verdes e n?o houve diferen?as significativas entre machos e f?meas na utiliza??o das brom?lias. Associa??es positivas foram encontradas entre a temperatura do corpo e temperaturas das brom?lias e do ar. Esta esp?cie passou em m?dia 1.95 ? 3.8% do tempo em movimento (PTM) e se movimentou em m?dia 0.36 ? 2.1 segundos por minuto (MPM), com diferen?as significativas entre as esta??es chuvosa e seca para PTM, e tamb?m entre o tempo m?dio da parada e dura??o m?dia dos movimentos, sendo considerada forrageadora sedent?ria. Psychosaura agmosticha, na ?rea estudada, ? bromel?cola, utilizando as macambiras principalmente para termorregula??o e forrageio. Os resultados deste estudo destacam as brom?lias rup?colas Encholirium spectabile como elementos chaves para a manuten??o de anf?bios e r?pteis a ela associados, e uma clara associa??o vantajosa para a conserva??o dos grupos envolvidos. / Bromeliads are an important microhabitat for the herpetofauna, for being widely used as refuge from predators and their leaf architecture allows humidity maintenance and relatively constant temperature inside, setting a favorable environment for amphibians and reptiles, especially in areas under hydric stress. However, studies addressing this relationship are still incipient and more concentrated in fitotelmatas bromeliad. For non-fitotelmatas rupicolous bromeliads of the gender Encholirium, which develops into rocky outcrops and contains species of semi-arid regions such as the Caatinga, animal-plant relationships are almost unknown. In this context, this study aimed to know the herpetological fauna inhabitant of macambiras bromeliads, Encholirium spectabile, analyzing occupation and use of these bromeliads by different taxa, and the behavioral ecology of the lizard Psychosaura agmosticha, seeking to identify factors associated with this strict relationship in Caatinga. An extensive review of the world literature on the subject ?lizards in bromeliads? subsidized this study from the ecological perspective of this association. The field work was carried out at Fazenda Tanques, municipality of Santa Maria / RN, mesoregion of Agreste Potiguar. The observations and/or data collection in daytime and in the evening was conducted monthly during three consecutive days, from January 2011 to August 2012, totaling 450 hour.man of sampling effort. Sixteen species were registered: six lizards (Mabuyidae, Tropiduridae, Gekkonidae and Phyllodactylidae Families), six snakes (Boidae and Dipsadidae Families) and four of amphibians of Hylidae Family. The effect of the forest edge on the distribution of species along the outcrop was significant, with most species found in outcrop edges. Significant difference was found between some pairs of species concerning use of bromeliads, and almost total niche overlap in the use of microhabitat. 62.5% of the species are nocturnal and use these plants for sheltering, breeding and feeding. Regarding the relations between 4 the lizard Psychosaura agmosticha and macambiras bromeliads, behaviors of thermoregulation and foraging in the dry and wet seasons were recorded. Activity periods were concentrated between 7 and 10 am and between 3 and 5 pm in both seasons, showing a clear bimodal pattern. The species basically used the green leaves and there were no significant differences between males and females in the use of bromeliads. Positive associations were found between body temperature and temperatures of bromeliads and air. This species spent 1.95% ? 3.8 of the time moving (PTM) and moved on average 0:36 ? 2.1 seconds per minute (MPM), with significant differences between the wet and dry to PTM, and between the average time of stop and average duration of movements, being considered a sedentary forager. Psychosaura agmosticha, in the study area, is bromelicolous and uses macambiras primarily for thermoregulation and foraging. The results of this study elevate the rupicolous bromeliads Encholirium spectabile as key elements for the maintenance of amphibians and reptiles associated with it, and a clear advantageous association for the conservation of the groups involved.

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