Orientador: Carlos Frederico Wilcken / Banca: Ronaldo Pavarini / Banca: Leonardo Rodrigues Barbosa / Resumo: O percevejo bronzeado do eucalipto, Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), originário da Austrália distribuiu-se rapidamente nos plantios de eucalipto no Brasil, sendo diagnosticado em 2008 em SP e RS. Em todo o mundo pouco se conhece sobre sua biologia de modo que este estudo investigou a bioecologia de T. peregrinus em diferentes espécies e híbridos de eucalipto e em diferentes temperaturas e um primeiro levantamento dos inimigos naturais. A bioecologia em diferentes materiais vegetais foi estudada em Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. urophylla, E. grandis e em 3 clones híbridos entre essas três espécies (clones „1277‟, „VM-1‟ e „H-13‟) em câmara bioclimatizada a 26 ± 1 °C, 70% ± 10% e fotofase de 12 horas. A espécie E. urophylla foi o material utilizado para a bioecologia em diferentes temperaturas (14, 18, 22, 26 e 30 ± 1 °C, 70% ± 10% e fotofase de 12 horas). O levantamento inicial de inimigos naturais foi realizado por observações de campo e testes laboratoriais. A biologia de diferentes genótipos indicou que a espécie E. urophylla e E. grandis são os mais adequados ao desenvolvimento e reprodução de T. peregrinus, apesar de todos os tratamentos permitirem que o percevejo-bronzeado se desenvolvesse e produzisse descendentes. A temperatura influenciou diretamente a duração das fases do ciclo e, na menor temperatura o desenvolvimento foi retardado, em comparação com as temperaturas mais elevadas. Porém, T. peregrinus conseguiu desenvolver e produzir descendentes férteis em todas as temperaturas estudadas. A pesquisa indicou existência de inimigos naturais no Brasil, principalmente insetos predadores e fungos entomopatogênicos que se adaptaram a presa ou hospedeiro. No campo foi observado a predação de ninfas de T. peregrinus por Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) e infecção por fungos da Ordem Entomophtorales em ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The bronze-bug Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) is originated from Australia and was spreaded rapidly in eucalyptus plantations in different countries In Africa and South America. In Brazil, he was detectedin 2008 in staes of Sao Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul. There is few information about its biology, then, this study aimed to determine the bioecology of T. peregrinus in different Eucalyptus species and hybrids and at different temperatures, besides to evaluated some natural enemies. In bioecology study were used the species Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. urophylla, E. grandis and three clonal hybrids among these species in climated chamber at 26 ± 1° C, 70% ± 10% and photophase of 12 h. The species E. urophylla was the species choosed for bioecology study at temperatures of 14, 18, 22, 26 and 30 ± 1° C, maintained the same RH and photophase conditions of previous study. The survey of potential natural enemies was carried outthrough field observations and laboratory tests. The biology of different materials indicated E. urophylla and E. grandis were the best to development and reproduction of T. peregrines. However, the insect developed and produced fertile offspring in all treatments. The temperature directly influenced the duration of the cycle stages, and at lower temperatures development was delayed comparing to higher temperatures. Nevertheless the bronze bug could be developed and produce fertile offspring in all temperatures tested. In the field survey it was founded few natural enemies being some predatory insects have adapted to prey the pest. In the field was diagnosed predation of nymphs of T. peregrinus by Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and infection by Entomophtorales spp. in adults and nymphs. In laboratory conditions, the predator Atopozelus opsimus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) fed both nymphs and adults. T. peregrinus developed and ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Carlos Frederico Wilcken / Banca: Luíz Alexandre Nogueira de Sá / Banca: José Cola Zanúncio / Resumo: Os percevejos são grupos de pragas amplamente distribuídas, causando perdas consideráveis em sistemas agrícolas e florestais. A recente descoberta da ocorrência percevejo bronzeado Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) no Brasil, tornou um problema de grande importância, por ser específico do gênero Eucalyptus. Devido a sua importância econômica, esse trabalho objetivou estudar as populações de T. peregrinus em florestas de clones de Eucalyptus grandis puro e clones híbridos de E. grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla. Como método de amostragem utilizou-se armadilhas amarelas adesivas para captura de adultos e coleta de ramos com folhas para ninfas, adultos e ovos. A distribuição espacial vertical e horizontal intra-planta desse inseto em folhas de eucalipto, mostrou que a coleta de um ramo no terço médio da posição leste da copa de planta clonal de E. grandis é o ponto de amostragem mais representativo para adultos, ninfas e ovos de T. peregrinus. Na distribuição espacial horizontal, adultos e ninfas de T. peregrinus apresentaram distribuição agregada em plantio de E. grandis x E. urophylla. As armadilhas amarelas apresentam coletas mais representativas de adultos do percevejo bronzeado quando instaladas mais próximas da copa de árvores de eucalipto e que, é efetiva para a detecção desse inseto. A umidade relativa e a precipitação pluviométrica afetam populações dessa praga, com correlação inversamente proporcional e independente do método de amostragem no período avaliado e a temperatura não afeta a flutuação populacional do T. peregrinus / Abstract: Bedbugs are widely distributed groups of pests causing considerable losses in agricultural and forestry systems. The recent discovery of the occurrence of bronze bug Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) in Brazil it became a really important problem, being specific on group of plant genus Eucalyptus. As a result that economic importance, this study aimed to investigate the populations of T. peregrinus in forests of Eucalyptus grandis clones of pure and hybrid clones of E. grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla. As a sample method it was used yellow sticky traps to capture adults and collecting branches with leaves for nymphs, adults and eggs. The spatial distribution of vertical and horizontal intra-plant of this insect in eucalyptus leaves, showed that the collection of a branch in the middle third of the position east of the plant canopy clonal E. grandis is the sampling point more representative of adults, nymphs and eggs of T. peregrinus. In the horizontal spatial distribution, adult and nymphs of T. peregrinus showed clumped distribution in cultivation of E. grandis x E. urophylla. Yellow traps have collected more representative sample of adult of bronze bug when installed closer to the canopy of eucalyptus trees and is effective for the detection of this kind of insect. The relative humidity of the air and rainfall affect populations of this pest, and independent and inverse correlation of the sampling method during the analysis period and the temperature does not affect the fluctuation of T. peregrinus / Mestre

abstract: This dissertation research investigates both spatial and temporal aspects of Bronze Age land use and land cover in the Eastern Mediterranean using botanical macrofossils of charcoal and charred seeds as sources of proxy data. Comparisons through time and over space using seed and charcoal densities, seed to charcoal ratios, and seed and charcoal identifications provide a comprehensive view of island vs. mainland vegetative trajectories through the critical 1000 year time period from 2500 BC to 1500 BC of both climatic fluctuation and significant anthropogenic forces. This research focuses particularly on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus during this crucial interface of climatic and human impacts on the landscape. Macrobotanical data often are interpreted locally in reference to a specific site, whereas this research draws spatial comparisons between contemporaneous archaeological sites as well as temporal comparisons between non-contemporaneous sites. This larger perspective is particularly crucial on Cyprus, where field scientists commonly assume that botanical macrofossils are poorly preserved, thus unnecessarily limiting their use as an interpretive proxy. These data reveal very minor anthropogenic landscape changes on the island of Cyprus compared to those associated with contemporaneous mainland sites. These data also reveal that climatic forces influenced land use decisions on the mainland sites, and provides crucial evidence pertaining to the rise of early anthropogenic landscapes and urbanized civilization. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Geography 2013

The rock carvings in southern Scandinavia are an important part of Bronze Age research and the Scandinavian cultural heritage. There are three known sites with rock carvings on the island of Gotland. They are located in the parishes of Lärbro, Fårö, and Lye. The rock carvings on Gotland has been somewhat forgotten and are not a big part of research regarding the Bronze Age on Gotland. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the images on the rock carvings as well as analyse their placements in the landscape, both the natural and the cultural. The images will be analysed and possible interpretations of them will be discussed individually and together. Their relation to other ancient monuments and archaeological features will also be analysed. Each area’s cultural landscape where the rock carvings are present will be presented and compared with the other sites on Gotland. The result of this thesis shows that the rock carvings in Lärbro and Fårö are similar in both images and placement in the landscape. Ships, cupmarks, and weapons are among images carved at both sites. They both have a connection to fresh water and are in close proximity to stone ships. These two rock carving sites show a connection to the sea and a maritime identity in both their images and the surrounding cultural landscape. The rock carving in Lye has a smaller number of images, only cupmarks and a pair of foot soles. It is located in a different landscape which does not exhibit a connection to water in any way but instead shows a link to the land. This indicates that the rock carvings on Gotland had a connection to both the water and the land.

Estudou-se a evolução morfológica de precipitados .. em matriz .. Cu-Al, através de tratamentos isotérmicos interrompidos por têmpera, em amostras previamente solubilizadas desde o início da precipitação, até o crescimento competitivo. Caracterizou-se a forma dos precipitados após tratamentos em diversas temperaturas, por microscopia ótica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura, de estruturas atacadas profundamente. A forma dos precipitados após tratamentos prolongados a 700 ºC tende a ser esférica, enquanto nos tratamentos a 600 ºC, tende a ser facetada. Com temperaturas decrescentes de 700 º para 600 ºC a forma passa gradualmente de esférica para facetada. Verificou-se que a distribuição espacial dos precipitados depende da velocidade de aquecimento. Com altas velocidades (tratamento em banho de sal), a distribuição é homogênea; com velocidade de aquecimento lentas (tratamento em forno de mufla) os precipitados apresentam-se alinhados, indicando nucleação heterogênea. O crescimento competitivo foi caracterizado através de medidas das distribuições de tamanhos de precipitados. Esta medida foi realizada utilizando micrografias de secções polidas, com um equipamento semi-automático. As medidas de distribuição de tamanhos das secções de precipitados foram processadas para a obtenção da distribuição de diâmetros reais dos precipitados através de um programa de computador utilizando o algoritmo de Saltykov. ......... / The morphological evoluation of .. precipitates in a . Cu-Al matrix has been studied from the beginning of precipitation until coarsening, using isothermal treatments on previously solubilized samples. The shape of precipitates after treatments at many temperatures was studied using Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy of deep etched samples. The precipitates treated for long periods at 700 ºC approach an spherical shape, while treatments at 600 ºC the precipitates become faceted. The special distribution of the precipitates are determined by the heating rate from room temperature to isothermal treatment temperature. With high heating rates the distribution is homogeneous. With low heating rate the precipitates are arranged in rows, due to heterogeneous nucleation. Coarsening was studies by measuring the distribution of precipitate sizes on microphotographs of polished sections using a semi-automatic device. The mesures of section sizes were processed to obtain the real diameter distribution using a computer program based on Saltykov\'s algoritm. .....

Dès le Bronze final, on assiste en Europe occidentale à la mise en place d’une géographie culturelle qui positionne les bassins de l’Escaut et de la Meuse moyenne à la charnière des grands complexes traditionnels :atlantique, nordique et continental. <p>Par l'étude du mobilier céramique issu de sites en grande partie inédits (provenant à la fois de fouilles récentes et anciennes) de l'aire géographique considérée, l'objectif principal de notre thèse était de déterminer le paysage socio-économique, son évolution au cours du temps et finalement son insertion dans une mouvance européenne. Des questions sur la circulation des biens mais également sur celle des populations sont dès lors soulevées.<p>\ / Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

(in English): This thesis aims at collecting, cataloguing and analysing bronze objects from the area of the East Aegean-West Anatolian Interface in the second millennium B.C. Based on closer typological assessment and comparanda, the question of eventual local specific production along the Interface, different from the Aegea or Eastern Mediterranean, is being investigated here. From up to 217 collected items, indeed many types of bronzes, especially swords, razors and spearheads indeed show a set of specific features. Also, the characteristic of bronze metals differs in Lower Interface with stronger minoan-mycenaen influnce from items in Upper Interface which seems to be following more anatolian features.

This thesis is a study of textile production in the Late Bronze Age, using new evidence uncovered by excavations at Ancient Eleon in Boeotia, Greece. Textile production is a nearly forgotten art. To the Mycenaeans of the Greek Late Bronze Age (ca. 1700-1100 BCE) textiles were nearly a form of currency, and a symbol of power. This thesis begins by examining the Mycenaean administration of textile production, which was systematically controlled by the palatial centres of Greece and Crete. Linear B documents record resources and workers under palatial control, and the amounts of cloth that they were expected to produce. The Mycenaean palace at Thebes was the administrative centre that controlled the region of eastern Boeotia, including sites such as Eleon. No document directly links textile production at Eleon to Thebes, but other Theban tablets and the two sites’ close proximity suggest a similar relationship to other Mycenaean centres and their dependents. Usually, ancient textiles from Greece do not survive in the archaeological record. The only evidence that remains is the Linear B archives and the tools of production. Linear B tablets have not been found at Eleon, but many spindle whorls for yarn production, loom weights for weaving, and other tools indicating the production of textiles have been recovered from the site. This thesis discusses the significance of these objects and attempts to place Eleon in the greater context of the Mycenaean textile industry. / Graduate

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This dissertation explores social, cultural and political changes in the region later known as ‘Phoenicia’ during the period of approximately 1300-900 BC. By applying modern approaches to theoretical questions such as the nature of social change, identity, migration and how such phenomena are represented in the archaeological record, this dissertation aims to provide a discussion of Late Bronze/Early Iron Age Phoenicia based on a more solid methodological foundation than has often been the case previously. As well as better illuminating social change occurring within Phoenicia itself, it is hoped that the methodological observations and comparative value of the case-study presented here will prove useful for discussions of the wider social changes occurring in the East Mediterranean at this time. A key observation of this research is that past narratives have placed too much emphasis on the role of external powers such as the Egyptian ‘empire’ or ‘Sea People’ invaders in driving Levantine social change in this period. This dissertation stresses the critical importance of local responses to foreign influence and charts the balance between active choice and constraint by circumstances in shaping the development of the Phoenician polities. It is argued that the most important forms of change which can be identified in the archaeological and written records relate to the construction of identities, especially those of the Phoenician élites. These take the form of a move away from legitimation and identity-negotiation based on foreign contacts, towards greater emphasis on more local, Levantine features. The consequences of this change, it is argued, are felt within social, political, economic, religious and other spheres of life.