Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Vita. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Pierre Hernando Montauban. / M.S.

No description available.

Univ., Diss.--Salzburg, 2003.

published_or_final_version / Law / Master / Master of Laws

Miljonprogrammet är namnet på det politiska projektet som pågick mellan åren 1965 och 1974 då riksdagen fattat ett beslut om att en miljon nya bostäder skulle byggas i Sverige, för att råda bot på bostadsbristen. Nu är det mer än 40 år sedan byggnaderna uppfördes och renoveringsbehovet är ett faktum, vilket gör ämnet aktuellt. Huvudsyftet med studien är att kartlägga de tre största städernas hantering av renoveringsbehovet. Huvudfrågan för studien är hur miljonprogrammets bostäder hanteras idag. Samtidigt har en rad andra frågor besvarats i studien; vilka skillnader som finns i lagarna då och nu, hur miljonprogramsområdena ser ut i de olika städerna och hur de behandlas i översiktsplanerna, vilka följder som uppstår av att husen behöver renoveras samt om det finns någon ekonomi i att renovera husen.Studien har genomförts med en kombination av kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod. En kvalitativ genomgång av skrivet material med anknytning till miljonprogrammet i de tre städerna har gjorts. Därutöver har också en kvantitativ enkätundersökning skickats ut till de tre kommunerna och dess kommunala bostadsbolag.Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö har både likheter och skillnader gällande planering och visioner. Både Stockholm och Göteborg har valt att placera sina miljonprogramsområden utanför stadskärnan medan Malmös ligger i nära anslutning till centrum. De har alla visioner i sina översiktsplaner om att skapa en mer enhetlig och sammankopplad stad genom ökad integration och bättre kommunikationer mellan stadens olika delar.Det uppstod en renoveringsvåg under 80- och 90-talet i samband med ROT-avdraget och idag pågår flera projekt kring miljonprogrammet. Fasadrenovering är vanligt i alla tre städerna och även till viss del upprustning av balkonger och fönster. Göteborg har satsat mycket på energieffektiviserande åtgärder och i Stockholm har det blivit allt vanligare med energi-besparade ingrepp såsom tilläggsisolering.Lagstiftningen i Sverige har stor betydelse vid renoveringen då det idag finns krav på bl.a. energieffektivitet men även under renoveringsvågen på 80- och 90-talet då varsamhetskravet infördes i PBL 1987. Stommen i bostäderna är bra och de är funktionellt byggda vilket gör att renovering är mer kostnadseffektivt än att riva och bygga nytt. Problemet ligger alltså inte i renoveringsbehovet, då de flesta hus behöver renoveras efter så pass många år, utan antalet hus som behöver renoveras. / The million programme is a building era that took place between the years 1965 to 1974 when a politic decision was made to build a million new residences in Sweden, to correct the housing shortage. It´s now been more than 40 years since these residences were built and the need to renovate is a necessity, which makes this programme a very current subject. The purpose of this study is to map the three largest city´s handling of the need for renovation. The main question of this study is how the buildings of the million programme is being handled today. Meanwhile a series of other questions have been answered in this study; the difference between laws now and then, how the million programme areas looks in the different cities and how they are treated in the layout plans, what the need for renovation might lead to, and if there is any profit in restoring the buildings.It is a qualitative study as it is a situation in a few cities that are being studied, but through a survey this study gets a quantitative mixture as well. A survey was dispatched to the three municipalities and their communal real estate companies.Malmo, Gothenburg and Stockholm are both similar and different regarding planning and visions. Both Gothenburg and Stockholm placed their million programmes outside of the city´s core, whilst Malmo´s was located close to the centre of the city. They all have visions in their layout plans to create a more unified and connected city through increased integration and better communication between the city areas.There was a wave of renovation in the eighties and nineties because of the ROT-deduction and many projects concerning the million programme are still ongoing to this day. Facade renovation is common in all three cities and, to a certain degree, restoration of balconies and windows. Gothenburg has invested a lot in energy efficient measures and in Stockholm it has become increasingly more common with energy saving interventions like adding increased isolation. The image of the million programme´s constructions is "concrete ghettos", but the most common houses consists of three storeys with apartment size 3 rok.The Swedish legislation are of great importance during the renovation as there now are requirements on energy efficiency amongst other things, but also during the wave of renovation in the eighties and nineties when the demand of discretion was enforced in PBL 1987. The foundation in the million programme houses is satisfactory and they are functionally built which makes a renovation more cost-efficient than it would be to tear it down and build new buildings. The problem then does not reside in the need for renovation, as most houses needs restoration after so many years, but in the sheer number of buildings that would require a renovation.

A grandes rasgos, la Tesis se estructura en dos Partes claramente diferenciadas, pero interrelacionadas de tal suerte que se complementan y dan unidad al objeto de la investigación realizada. La primera Parte que lleva por título "El proceso constructivo: regulación jurídica" se subdivide en tres Capítulos. En el primer Capítulo procedo a justificar la necesidad de un marco normativo regulador del proceso constructivo de la edificación, a través de la diferenciación entre los conceptos y fases del proceso constructivo y proceso de edificación, para pasar a continuación a efectuar un análisis somero de la regulación del proceso constructivo en Francia y en el Reino Unido, que nos van a permitir detectar algunas de las soluciones propuestas por las legislaciones de ambos Estados y la finalizo con la descripción evolutiva que en España ha tenido lugar éste sector, para concluir con un estudio de las propuestas y estrategias comunitarias en dicho ámbito.En el segundo Capítulo analizo el concepto de responsabilidad civil en la construcción, su tratamiento tanto desde el punto de vista doctrinal como jurisprudencial e incorporo los posibles cambios que se contemplaron en el proyecto de Ley de reforma de CC de 1994 y que no fructificó debido al cambio de legislatura acaecido en 1996.El tercer Capítulo referido a la Ley de Ordenación de la Edificación, facilita la comprensión de las posibles soluciones que se deberían implantar y favorece su crítica, en cuanto refleja la desvinculación normativa en lo que se refiere a la edificación. Se conforma de un primer apartado en el que desarrollo el proceso de evolución de la Ley; y un segundo en el que realizo un estudio de la misma a partir de las diferentes fases del proceso de edificación, analizando los agentes intervinientes, sus funciones y actividades en cada una de las fases; ámbito de responsabilidad y garantías que propone la Ley, así como la necesidad del aseguramiento de la calidad. La segunda Parte titulada "Interacción de la legislación sectorial en el proceso constructivo de la edificación" se subdivide, al igual que la primera Parte, en tres Capítulos que, de manera respectiva, analizan la legislación sectorial correspondiente al proceso constructivo en materia de colegios profesionales, de residuos, y de seguridad y salud. En el cuarto Capítulo relativo a los colegios profesionales reflejo los cambios que ha supuesto el desarrollo del mercado interior y la libre competencia; asimismo expongo una futura función de los colegios profesionales que, como garantes de sus asociados, deberán tener como objetivo principal la de conseguir que sus profesionales sean técnicos competentesEn el quinto Capítulo presento la situación actual en España en materia de residuos, tras la transposición de las respectivas directivas comunitarias y subrayo el papel precursor de Cataluña en el desarrollo de sus competencias respecto de los residuos en la construcción. Además, significo la necesidad de una estructura de ordenada económica de rotación en la gestión de residuos en la construcción.En el sexto Capítulo señalo la recepción en el Derecho español de las tendencias europeas, el reconocimiento y la regulación de los diversos agentes que se han ido integrando y participando en el proceso edificatorio respecto de la seguridad y salud. De forma complementaria, se evidencia la carencia de educación en la cultura del riesgo.Finalmente, en relación con algunos aspectos concretos de la Tesis y al objeto de clarificar o ilustrar determinadas cuestiones, he considerado conveniente incluir tres Anexos. El primero de ellos lo compone el Catálogo Europeo de residuos (escombros de construcción y demolición); desde el contenido del segundo anexo se puede proceder a un estudio comparativo y esquemático de los diversos proyectos de LOE y el tercero tiene por objeto poner en relación el paralelismo existente entre las tres normas de sistema de gestión (UNE-EN ISO 9000:1994, sobre sistemas de calidad; UNE 77-801:1994, sobre sistemas de gestión medioambiental; UNE-EX 81-900:1996, sobre sistemas de gestión de la prevención de riesgos laborales).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2008. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Sept. 16, 2009). Thesis advisor: Patricia Freeland. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration in Project Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / According to Section 26 (1) of the constitution of Republic of South Africa, everyone has a right to have a satisfactory house to restore and honour the dignity of the South Africans. However South African government implemented several housing programmes to bridge the gap of housing backlog in South Africa. One of the housing programmes that South African government implemented is People Housing Process (PHP). It was approved in 1998 by South African government. South African government shifted focus on the quality of houses and mainly focused on the quantity of houses delivered through the financial year. There have been a lot of quality complaints on PHP. The quality defects are signs of foundation failures, cracks on foundations, water flooding around the houses, water not properly channelling to the drain, cracks on walls, dampness of walls, mould on walls, water seeping through the windows, poorly applied external plaster, incorrect bonding of internal walls to external walls, walls that are not straight walls, sagging ceiling panels, gable not properly filled with mortar, roof structure not properly tied up, sagging roof coverings, roof leaks, sagging roof tiles and ridges, rust on painted iron material, poor quality of blocks used, insufficient cement on mortar mix and peeling off paint. National Home Builders Registration Council (NHBRC) are the custodians of the home building industry. They were excluded from PHP from 1998 till March 2012. NHBRC was approved to inspect PHP house in April 2012. Thus, the aim of the study was to compare the houses that were built before NHBRC involvement in PHP with those that were built after NHBRC involvement in PHP. The sample included 50% of each of the two groups (those in houses built without NHBRC involvement and those built with NHBRC involvement), the research involved at least 50 respondents per group (McMillan, et al 2001:177 – recommends 15 respondents per group). The sample size per group has been put at 50 since the larger the sample the higher the accuracy. The study is classified as quantitative research because it intended to quantify the variation in occurrence, situation, problem or issue; the information was gathered using predominantly quantitative variables and the analysis was geared to ascertain the magnitude of the variation. The findings of the study revealed that the quality of the houses that were built under PHP programme before NHBRC intervention on PHP was not up to standard however the quality on those that were built after NHBRC involvement improved. Therefore it is recommended for Western Cape government to implement the rectification programme which was approved by National Department of Human Settlements in 2009 mainly focusing on houses that have been severely structurally compromised and are regarded as unfit for human habitation as it poses a threat to the health and safety of the occupants (The National Housing Code, 2009: 11-13).

Theses (MTech (Business Information Systems))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. / This paper describes the redesigning processes of the National Building Regulations of South Africa. These processes are administered by the National Regulator for Compulsory Specifications (NRCS) in terms of the National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act 103 of 1977 (The Act). The application of the business processes and the Building Control Officers from various local authorities nation-wide who enforce the National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act, 103 of 1977 (hereinafter referred to as “the Act”) with particular reference to implementation of core regulatory business processes within the building industry in Southern Africa. The investigation was largely motivated by the high number of injuries, deaths and/or human lives affected adversely and reported due to collapsing and defective buildings. These disasters occurred at various Local Authorities, in private residential homes, government-owned buildings, abandoned and commercial buildings, such as shopping malls, have been investigated and reported by the Building Regulator, i.e. the NRCS in collaboration with the Department of Labour’s Commission of Enquiry between the years 2012 and 2014. The reports show that in those sectors of building, the local authorities’ Building Control Officers, as the legislated enforcers of the Building Regulations (with the oversight role played by the NRCS), experienced the highest levels of non-compliance by various parties who are affected by the Building Regulations, i.e. building owners or their legal representatives, built-environment professional practitioners and builders. This study applies the interpretive approach underpinned by qualitative methodology where interviews were used to collect data from building owners, prospective building owners, building occupants, built-environment practitioners, Local Authorities’ building control officers and The Regulator of the National Building Regulations. The empirical findings revealed that there is a critical need for business process review and strategy shifts that advance objectivity and benefits to compliance, visibility and awareness of regulatory process, the highlights of possible endangerment of human life due to non-compliance, the outlining of sanctions for failure to comply, and stakeholder liaison. The output is a re-module of business processes that will enforce and maintain compliance of the building regulations of South Africa.