Projekteringar idag har blivit allt färre. Inflation, ökade priser på insatsvaror ochtransportkostnader präglar den svenska byggbranschen. I kombination med det råderdet även en bostadsbrist i samhället. Under år 2020 var det 212 av 286 kommuner somansåg att de har ett underskott av bostäder. Detta är 74% av Sveriges kommuner ochen stor del av de som är utsatta är studenter. I en stigande efterfrågan på bostäder ärdet svårt att skapa nya bostäder som möter efterfrågan som existerar idag. Manuppskattar att 67 300 nya lägenheter behöver byggas årligen i Sverige för att mötabehovet av de bostäder som krävs i Sverige.Istället för att skapa nytt finns det idag en marknad för att kunna nyttja gamlabyggnader för att sedan använda dem för att kunna renovera och ge annat syfte än vadursprungfunktionen var. Det sker väldigt få renoveringar och ombyggnadsprojekt, IEuropa är 1- 1,5% av alla byggprojekt renoveringsprojekt. Med en ökning i detsvenska samhället skapar man en möjlighet för att kunna uppfylla bostads kraven.Processen av att renovera utgör mindre kostnader och mindre miljöpåverkan dåtransportkostnaderna minskar och mängden nya material och byggdelar blir mindre, ioch med det skapar man mindre klimatpåverkan, ökar energieffektivisering ochförlänger byggnadens livscykel.Renoveringsprojektet av Järnåkravägen 3 är ett projekt där man omvandlar huset frånkontor till studentbostäder. Idén till att skapa just bostäder för studenter är bland annatpå grund av den rådande bostadsbristen, platsen på byggnaden och den existerandeformgivningen av huset. Vid utformningen är en viktig beståndsdel att skapa ett husdär sociala interaktioner uppmuntras. För projektet vill man frambringa de socialaaspekterna som ett "dormitory" ger med en mer svensk utformning då man tillexempel kan ha tillgång till egen toalett och dusch. Med ökad social anpassning bidrardet med godare samspel bland hyresgästerna vilket ökar mingel och bekantskap.I renoveringsprojektet tittar man tydligt på de tekniska aspekterna och lagarna ochreglerna för att konverteringen ska bli väl projekterad. Man har implementerat Plan-och Bygglagen samt Boverkets byggregler i projektet. Byggnaden konverteras menman har försökt behålla så mycket av ursprungliga husets konstruktion och estetiksom möjligt för att stadga att huset inte behöver genomgå allt för stora rivningar ochförändringar ur det byggtekniskt hållbara utgångsläget. / Projects today have become fewer. Inflation, increased prices for input goods andtransport costs characterize the Swedish construction industry. Combined with that,there is also a housing shortage in our society. In 2020, 212 out of 286 municipalitiesconsidered that they have a housing deficit. This is 74% of Sweden's municipalitiesand a large part of those who are exposed are students. In a rising demand for housing,it is difficult to create new housing that meets the demand that exists today. It isestimated that 67 300 new apartments need to be built yearly to meet the housingneeds required in Sweden.Instead of creating something new, there is currently a market able to use old buildingsand then use them to be able to renovate and give a purpose other than what theoriginal function was. There are very few renovations and remodeling projectsongoing, in Europe 1-1.5% of all construction projects are renovation projects. Withan increase of renovation projects in Sweden, an opportunity is created to be able tomeet the housing requirements. The process of renovating represents less costs andless environmental impact as transport costs are reduced and the amount of newmaterials and building parts is less, thereby creating less climate impact, increasingenergy efficiency and extending the building's life cycle.The renovation project of Järnåkravägen 3 is a project where the building is convertedfrom offices to student housing. The idea to create housing specifically for students isdue to the prevailing housing shortage, the location of the building and the existingshape and design of the building. In the design, an important element is to create ahouse where social interactions are encouraged. For the project, a key focus is to bringout the social aspects that a "dormitory" provides with a more Swedish design stylewhen, for example, you can have access to your own toilet and shower. With increasedsocial adaptation, it contributes to better interaction among the tenants, whichincreases mingling and familiarity.In the renovation project, the technical aspects and the laws and regulations are clearlylooked at in order for the conversion to be well planned. The Plan- och Bygglagen andBoverkets Byggregler have been implemented in the project. The building is beingconverted, but an attempt has been made to retain as much of the original house'sconstruction and aesthetics as possible to ensure that the house does not have toundergo too many demolitions and changes from the structurally sustainable startingpoint.

The aim of the thesis is the solution of selected parts of the building-technological project for a building in Nymburk. The content of the diploma thesis is a technical report for a building technology project, a study of the realization of the main technological stages of the building, a technical report of the building site equipment, a design of a machine assembly, a technological regulation for the execution of masonry from concrete blocks and folded ceiling constructions, a control and test plan for the implementation of masonry from concrete blocks and execution of folded concrete ceilings, OSH plan on site. In the appendix of the thesis I elaborated drawings of construction site equipment, item budget of building, object budget according to THU, construction schedule, material resources plan and dimension of building machines.

Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / Please see accompanying Errata document to be viewed with original document. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The current housing backlog facing the informal residents of South Africa is daunting. With current research showing that the backlog is not shrinking fast enough, the stakeholders of the formal and informal housing sector are facing an immense challenge. Most houses constructed after 1994 utilised conventional brick and mortar construction, with alternative means of building homes taking up a negligible share in the total housing supply. The purpose of this study is to test the feasibility of container-based homes as an alternative to brick and mortar homes in South Africa’s low-cost housing supply according to the triple constraints of project management i.e. cost, time and quality. Social acceptance and environmental sustainability are also analysed as two secondary parameters that will influence container-based projects. These parameters form the basis of the three pillars of sustainability, i.e. economic, societal and environmental parameters, which indicates the feasibility of a new design implementation. Two test cases for the feasibility study were designed. The first case considers a modular single-storey residential home, equivalent to standard “Breaking New Ground” housing solutions. The second test case considers a multi-storey, medium-density residential building, capable of housing multiple families .The test cases represent possible container-based solutions, with traditional brick and mortar construction (single and multi-storey) acting as the control solution. The three sustainability parameters act as benchmarks of each solutions’ feasibility, with the control solution acting as the counter-performance example. The comparison of the economic parameter relies on the cost of each design case, its construction time and the quality of the end-product. The bills of quantities were measured against a conventional building type, and it was found that a single-storey solution will prove more costly than a small brick and mortar home. However, the multi-storey solution proves to be feasible when compared to a concrete three-storey structure. Regarding time, the construction of an Intermodal Steel Building Unit (ISBU) home is up to 3 times faster compared to a conventional house. The end-product quality will depend on the quality system used by the contractor and its correct implementation; thus it is not an important dividing factor when comparing conventional versus Alternative Building Technology (ABT) systems. The societal parameter of an ISBU solution rests on its acceptance by the beneficiaries. Traditionally, resistance has met ABT home implementation, as stakeholders consider them as inferior products. A comprehensive survey was carried out in an informal settlement to test this statement. The results show that the majority of beneficiaries prefer conventional homes, unless the ABT home resembles its conventional counterpart. The environmental sustainability of a new product relies primarily on the carbon footprint of the materials and methods used. This was tested by comparing the impact of an ISBU solution with a conventional solution. The “upcycling” (as opposed to recycling) of used containers provides a large environmental benefit when comparing it to newly constructed brick for conventional homes, and thus the impact is lower. The findings of the study show that a single-storey solution utilising containers proves ineffective, as it is more expensive per square meter than a conventional home. However, a multi-storey container solution is feasible, as it is lower in cost (than comparative conventional solutions), faster to construct, allows for higher density expansion of settlements and is more environmentally friendly. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die enorme behuisingsagterstand van informele nedersetters in Suid-Afrika skep 'n geweldige uitdaging vir die rolspelers in die formele behuisingsektor. Huidige navorsing toon dat hierdie agterstand nie vinnig genoeg verminder nie, en baie mense verkeer in nood. Die meerderheid van huise wat opgerig is sedert 1994 maak gebruik van konvensionele baksteen en sement konstruksie, terwyl alternatiewe maniere van konstruksie 'n nietige aandeel het. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die bruikbaarheid van skeepshouer-gebaseerde huise te bepaal in teenstelling met konvensionele baksteen en sement huise, spesifiek vir die lae-koste behuisingsgeval in Suid-Afrika. Dit word uitgevoer volgens die "drietallige beperking" beginsel van projekbestuur, naamlik koste, tyd en kwaliteit parameters. Addisioneel word die sosiale aanvaarbaarheid sowel as die omgewingsvriendelikheid van die konsep getoets teen konvensionele maniere van konstruksie. Hierdie parameters vorm saam die “drie pilare van volhoubaarheid”, wat betrekking het tot ekonomiese-, sosiale- en omgewings-aspekte. Twee toetsgevalle is ontwerp volgens argitektoniese en tegniese standaarde sowel as gemeenskap benodigdhede. Die eerste geval is ontwerp as 'n enkel-verdieping huis, met behulp van modulêre skeepshouers. Die tweede geval is 'n meertallige-verdieping, medium-digtheid residensiële gebou wat verskeie families kan huisves. Die toetsgevalle modelleer verskeie skeepshouer oplossings, terwyl konvensionele konstruksie oplossings dien as beheer gevalle. Elke geval word volgens die drie volhoubaarheids beginsels getoets, met die beheer gevalle wat dien as die teen-prestasie voorbeelde. Die vergelyking van die ekonomiese parameter berus op die koste van elke ontwerp, sy konstruksietyd en die eindproduk kwaliteit. Die lys van hoeveelhede is gemeet teen dié van ʼn konvensionele huis, en daar is bevind dat die enkelverdieping skeepshouer-geval veel duurder sal wees. Die meertallige-verdieping geval aan die ander kant, maak gebruik van baie kostebesparings metodes, en lyk uitvoerbaar. Die tyd-aspek wys dat die konstruksie m.b.v. “Intermodal Steel Building Units” (ISBUs) tot en met 3 keer vinniger te wees teenoor ʼn konvensionele huis. Die eindproduk kwaliteit hang af van die tipe kwaliteit stelsel wat die kontrakteur gebruik, sowel as die korrekte toepassing van hierdie stelsel; dus is dit nie ʼn skeidende faktor tussen alternatiewe en konvensionele boumetodes nie. Die gemeenskaplike aspek van die gebruik van alternatiewe konstruksie berus op die aanvaarding van die huisbewoners. Gemeenskappe het tradisioneel nie ʼn hoë dunk van Alternatiewe Bou-Tegnologie (ABT) behuising nie, aangesien hulle dit as swak kwaliteit bestempel. Om hierdie stelling te toets is ʼn opname uitgevoer in ʼn informele nedersetting. Die resultate wys dat die meerderheid inwoners die konvensionele opsie verkies. Daar is wel bevind dat die inwoners ʼn ISBU huis sal oorweeg indien dit ʼn visuele ooreenkoms toon met ʼn konvensionele huis. Die omgewingsvolhoubaarheid van ʼn nuwe produk berus hoofsaaklik op die koolstof-voetspoor van die materiale en boumetodes wat gebruik is. Hierdie aspek is getoets deur ʼn ISBU oplossing se omgewings-impak te meet teen dié van ʼn konvensionele huis. Die “upcycling” voordeel wat skeepshouers gebruik gee ʼn groot voordeel teenoor die konstruksie van konvensionele huise, siende dat min nuwe materiale gebruik word. Dus is die totale omgewings impak laer as die van ʼn konvensionele huis. Die bevindinge van die navorsing wys dat ʼn enkelverdieping ISBU oplossing onprakties is in terme van koste per vierkante meter, aangesien dit veel duurder as ʼn konvensionele metode is. Die meertallige-verdieping geval is wel uitvoerbaar, aangesien dit ʼn laer koste tot gevolg het, vinniger gebou word, hoër-digtheid behuising bevorder en meer omgewings-vriendelik is.

Att utnyttja befintliga byggnader som annars står tomma kan vara en del av lösningen på problemet gällande bostadsbrist i Sverige. Vid ändring av äldre bebyggelse som är det viktigt att beakta de kulturhistoriska och arkitektoniska värdena. Vid ombyggnation till bostäder och energieffektivisering är det viktigt att detta genomförs varsamt på äldre värdefull bebyggelse. Syftet med arbetet är att bidra till en ökad förståelse för hur en äldre byggnads arkitektoniska och kulturhistoriska värden kan bevaras trots att det sker en funktionsändring från en verksamhet till en annan. Målet för arbetet är att undersöka hur en gammal skolbyggnad kan ändras till bostäder samtidigt som kulturella och arkitektoniska värden bibehålls, energianvändningen minskar och funktionella bostäder skapas. Arbetet baseras på en fallstudiebyggnad som är en skolbyggnad från 1850 som ligger i Vanstad, Skåne.   En inledande litteraturgenomgång behandlar äldre bygg- och installationstekniska lösningar, kulturvärde och kvalitéer i bostäder. Vilka regelverk som skall följas vid ombyggnation och ändrad användning, utformningskrav enligt BBR och energieffektiviseringsåtgärder vid ombyggnation behandlas också. Även fyra exempel gällande energieffektiviseringar av äldre tegelbyggnader studeras. Fallstudiebyggnaden är inte K-märkt men pekas ut som värdefull och värd att bevara i handlingar tillhandahållna av Sjöbo kommun. Generellt så rekommenderas det att byggnader uppförda före 1900-talet skall bevaras i så autentiskt skick som möjligt.   Utifrån insamlad information genom inventering av arkivmaterial och inventering av fallstudiebyggnaden tas en beskrivning av fallstudiebyggnaden fram, som ligger till grund för utvecklingen av ett utformningsförslag för ändring av skolbyggnaden till bostadsändamål. Det efterfrågas mindre lägenheter från Sjöbo kommun vilket utformningsförslaget tagit hänsyn till. Utformningsförslaget resulterade i 7 stycken lägenheter där 6 av 7 har en boarea mellan 35 m2 och 55 m2. På grund av byggnadens ålder och äldre byggnadstekniker så når byggnaden inte upp till dagens energikrav. Förslaget till bostadsutformning inkluderar åtgärder som bedöms vara möjliga att genomföra för att sänka energianvändningen. Varje lägenhet granskas också för att kontrollera vilka kvalitéer som uppnås i bostäderna. De åtgärder som förespråkas är: tilläggsisolering av ytterväggar och yttertak, tätning av klimatskal, byte av ventilationssystem, uppvärmningssystem, installation av solceller samt förbättring av fönster och dörrar.   Resultatet visar hur det går att utforma funktionella bostäder i en äldre kulturhistoriskt värdefull byggnad. Att tillämpa energieffektiviseringsåtgärder för minskad energianvändning och förbättrat inomhusklimat påvisas också i resultatet. Gällande lönsamheten i genomförandet sett till ombyggnation, ändrad användning, energieffektivisering och lägenhetsutformning kan vidare studier ske mer ingående på den konkreta energibesparingen och LCC-kalkyler för vidare ekonomisk insikt. / To use existing buildings that would otherwise be empty could be a part of the solution regarding the housing shortage in Sweden. When changing older buildings, it is important to consider the cultural and architectural values. When changing usage to dwellings and improving energy efficiency it is important that it is carried out carefully on older valuable buildings. The purpose of the work is to contribute to an increased understanding of how the architectural and cultural-historical values of an older building can be preserved despite a change in use from one function to another. The goal of the work is to examine how a cultural-historical valuable building can be changed to functional dwellings in conjunction with reduced energy usage. The work is based on a case study of a school building from 1850 in Vanstad, Skåne.   An introducing review of theory is a bout older building and installation solution, cultural value and qualities in dwellings. Which acquis to follow during reconstruction and change of usage, design requirements according to BBR and actions to reduce energy usage. Four different studies regarding reduction in energy usage on older brick buildings are studied. The case study building is not K-marked but is pointed out as a valuable building that is worth preserving in documents from Sjöbo. It is recommended that buildings constructed before the 1900s should be kept as authentic as possible.   Based on information gathered through inventory of archive material and inventory of the case study building a description on the case study building is made which is the basis for a design proposal for changed usage from school building to housing. Sjöbo is requesting smaller apartments which the design proposal considers. The design proposal resulted in 7 apartments where 6 out of 7 has a living space between 35 m2 and 55 m2. Because of the buildings age and older building techniques the building does not reach todays energy requirement. The design proposal documents which actions that is possible to implement to reduce the energy usage. Every apartment is reviewed to control which qualities is achieved in the dwellings. The measures advocated is: additional insulation on walls and roof, sealing of the climate shell, change of ventilations system, heating system, installation of solar cells and improvement of window and doors.   The result shows how it is possible to design functional dwellings in an older cultural-historical valuable building. To apply energy efficiency measures to reduce the energy usage and improving the indoor climate is also demonstrated in the result. Regarding profitability considering reconstruction, changed usage, reduction in energy usage and design of dwellings more in-depth studies could be made regarding the actual energy savings and LCC calculations for further economic insight.

Transmits decision SS.VII/2 of UNEP Governing Council/Global Ministerial Environment. / UN Job no.: N0230044 E. Material type: Resolutions/decisions (UN). Issued under agenda item 1, agenda document A/CONF.199/PC/1.

The subject of master’s thesis is technological project of residential building in Prague. The thesis is focused on feasibility of the object. An implementation study is elaborated with a detailed solution of the construction process in terms of time and financial. A technology prescription, control and test plan is designed. Construction drawings are processed.

The aim of the diploma thesis is selected parts of the construction project of the apartment block in Hejčín, Olomouc. It deals in detail with the most optimal design of the machine assembly, the assessment of the lifting mechanism, the equipment of the building site, the timetable and, last but not least, the itemized budget of the structural work of the apartment block. The work is based on the technical documentation from the borrowed project documentation.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the elaboration of a construction and technological project of production and storage hall SW-MOTECH s.r.o., in which the technical report, coordination of broader transport relations, time and financial plan of the construction, study of the main technological stages, project of building equipment, design of the main construction machines and mechanisms. Further, the thesis contains a technological regulation, a control and test plan and safety requirements for the implementation of reinforced concrete assembled structures. Part of the diploma thesis is also environmental plan and contract for work.

In my diploma thesis, I focus on a building technology project of an apartment house in Prostějov. My work aims to design an optimal construction process. The thesis consists of a technical report, coordination drawing, project of the building site, building machines and mechanisms, time schedule and financial plan, description of technological process of the ventilated facade and of the monolithic reinforced concrete vertical structures including quality controls and testing plans. The process of making ventilated facade in comparison with the ETICS system is presented in more detail. Because the construction works take place in a city centre, the study of noise on the construction site is included as well.

[pt] Trata-se de proposta ensaística de releitura das obras de quatro arquitetos modernos brasileiros - Lucio Costa, Affonso Eduardo Reidy, Oscar Niemeyer e Paulo Mendes da Rocha - sob o ponto de vista da tecnologia da construção. A investigação parte diretamente da experiência das obras e busca apontar algumas das soluções que tornaram possível a realização de uma engenhosa produção, não obstante a dificuldade de conciliação da teoria do projeto arquitetônico moderno internacional e a prática da construção no Brasil. / [en] This essay proposes a rereading of the works of four modern Brazilian architects - Lucio Costa, Affonso Eduardo Reidy, Oscar Niemeyer, and Paulo Mendes da Rocha - from a technical perspective. The study is based directly on the experience of these works and seeks to identify some of the solutions that have made possible the achievement of an ingenious production, despite the difficult task of conciliating the theory of international modern architectural project with Brazilian building construction technology.