Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

M.Tech. (Construction Management) / Sophiatown residence is one of the newly built residential accommodations in University of Johannesburg. The residence is currently the biggest residence in University of Johannesburg in terms of rooms and is a residential accommodation for only students of University of Johannesburg. The residence is a three storey building and has 416 room all single rooms and 416 students occupying it. This research work is post occupancy evaluation of an education building in Johannesburg. The study evaluates the building performance; the extent to which the students are satisfied with the indoor environmental quality and investigates the extent to which the University of Johannesburg newly constructed residence is satisfactory to its occupants (students). It also evaluates the indoor environmental quality elements that affect the student’s health and common illness that affect the student’s performance. The methodology used for this study was quantitative. A structured questionnaire with multiple choices, scaled, matrix-type and open ended question was used to conduct the interview and obtain data during the survey. Findings from the survey revealed that the building is not performing as intended because the occupants needed improvements in some area in the residence like; quality of natural light in there room, size of the study hall, quality of space provided in there study hall and others. The students were satisfied with the building although they need improvements in the study hall, toilet and bathroom, kitchen and TV room, internet services and others. However, students need little improvement in the quality of artificial light in their room, quality of natural light in their room, size of their study hall, and others. They also needed improvements in the size of their room, temperature in their room, noise level in the study hall (ability to have conversation without neighbors overhearing it), and others. Lastly, it was revealed that Fatigue (tiredness) is the most commonly experience illness while nausea is most frequently illness had and also affect the students’ performance. Based on the findings from the study, it is recommended that the institution evaluates the IEQ at specific intervals to ensure that occupants are happy at all times and also to empower the executive managers in such a way that they are able to choose the correct materials during the design stage to promote good indoor air quality. It is important that the managers attend workshops (trainings) so that they have a better understanding of good indoor air quality that will keep occupants satisfied with the performance of the building.

近年來，國內有不少公私立大專校院相繼進行圖書館的新建或改建工程，反應出學校對於圖書資訊資源的重視性。大學圖書館於規劃時應注意空間的配置，如各區域的設計；注意空間中物理因素的規劃，如燈光、聲音、溫濕度、地點的選擇與其他考量因素，且大學圖書館的空間規劃應視每一所大學的教育目標、藏書量或座位數，再作彈性的調整。為了讓大學圖書館發揮更完善的功能，更符合使用者需求，必須以用後評估（Post Occupancy Evaluation）的觀點探討大學圖書館建築設計與規劃之實行成效，並檢視大學圖書館建築與使用者需求間的落差，如能結合圖書館使用者行為之調查結果，將可以幫助圖書館及建築師，日後在規劃設計做出最佳之判斷。 本研究旨在瞭解成功大學圖書館近年來努力的成果，可藉由用後評估來探討成功大學圖書館的建築空間與設施使用成效的各種因素，並發現問題、提出建議，以供現在及未來圖書館的管理者在建築規劃與設計工作的參考，作為未來設計者與研究者在規劃大學圖書館建築與設計之參考。 本研究首先透過文獻分析法，探討目前國內外圖書館建築及用後評估相關理論，並輔以個案探討。透過問卷調查法，探討目前成功大學圖書館的空間使用情況與滿意度。接著進行深度訪談法，以進一步瞭解成功大學圖書館，並探討相關人員對用後評估結果的看法及建議。最後結合文獻分析與上述研究發現進行分析與歸納，提出成功大學圖書館實施用後評估之具體建議。 研究發現：一、成功大學圖書館規劃乃依人文、科學及藝術不同空間需求設計；二、成功大學圖書館特色為模矩式設計、動線規劃清楚、多元化閱覽空間及設置電動密集書架；三、成功大學圖書館歷經長久研究、多方參與及審慎整合而成；四、藝文空間滿意度最高；五、服務空間滿意度最低；六、公共空間完整體現成功大學圖書館建築規劃設計理念；七、討論空間有效整合教學與研究需求；八、物理環境及設備尚待加強；九、具傳統與現代之美的圖書館建築；十、成功大學精神與象徵意義之建築。 最後，提出下列建議：一、建築規劃書是圖書館加強監督設計、管理和發展的資料；二、圖書館建築規劃設計應循專業與合理原則並告知限制條件；三、成立建築規劃小組與諮詢顧問；四、圖書館建築需配合校園整體發展；五、審慎評估物理環境；六、建立指標系統識別空間；七、空間規劃及管理應具有彈性；八、定期進行用後評估工作。 / In the past years, there have been a number of new college library buildings or reconstructing current libraries. This reflect the emphasis of these schools on the library and information resources. When mapping out college libraries, space allocation such as design of each area has to be focused on. One also has to pay attention to planning of physical elements in space such as lighting, sounds, temperature, moisture, selection of locations and others. Moreover, space planning has to be adjusted in accordance with education goals, size of collection and seats of each college. To fully develop the functions of college libraries to meet users’ needs, we need to adopt post occupancy evaluation to discuss the architecture design and practice performances of college libraries as well as reviewing the gap between college library construction and users’ needs. The combination of survey on library users’ behaviors will assist libraries and architects in making the best judgment in planning. The study aims to understand the results of the efforts of National Cheng Kung University Library in the past years. Post Occupancy Evaluation is adopted to discuss the elements such as architecture space and facilities performances of National Cheng Kung University Library, give questions and offer suggestions to serve as reference for library manager in construction planning and researchers when planning and designing college libraries. Literature is reviewed used with case study to discuss theories on architecture and post occupancy of domestic and foreign libraries. With questionnaire survey, space occupancy satisfaction is explored. In-depth interview serves to further understand National Cheng Kung University Library and explore comments and suggestions of related personnel after occupancy. At last, analysis and generalization is made to offer concrete suggestions to National Cheng Kung University Library on post occupancy evaluation. Based on the research findings, the conclusions include planning of National Cheng Kung University Library is based on the different needs of humanist, scientist and artists; 2) characteristics of National Cheng Kung University Library are matrix design, clear route arrangements, diverse reading space and establishment of compact bookshelves; 3) National Cheng Kung University Library is considered under long study, full participation and careful integration; 4) the art space enjoys the highest satisfaction; 5) the service space experiences the lowest satisfaction; 6) the public space completely expresses the design concept of National Cheng Kung University Library; 7) the discussion space effectively integrates the needs of education and research; 8) physical environment and facilities require improvement; 9) National Cheng Kung University Library has the building of beauty of modernity and tradition; and 10) the building expresses the spiritual and symbolic meanings of National Cheng Kung University. Based on the above results, we offer the suggestions: 1) Construction Planning is the material for the Library to enhance supervision on design, management and development; 2) Planning and design of the Library shall be made in the principle of professionalism and rationality with information of limitation conditions; 3) Construction Planning and Consultation Team shall be established; 4) Construction of the Library shall be in line with overall campus development; 5) Physical environment has to be cautiously evaluated; 6) Indicator system identification space has to be established; 7) Space planning and management shall be flexible and 8) Post occupancy evaluation has to be conducted periodically.

Det här är resultatet av ett examensarbete utfört vid Mälardalens högskola i samarbete med Iggesund Paperboard AB. Syftet med examensarbetet var att se om det är viktigt för ett företag att ha tillgången till en gästgård men även till hur de är utformade för att fungera för den typen av verksamhet. En gästgård kan ses vara viktig för ett företags representation. Gården används främst som ett tillvägagångssätt för att sälja företagets varor och tjänster men ger också en god möjlighet till att knyta starkare band mellan kunder såväl som mellan företagets egna arbetstagare. Anledningen till att det här examensarbetet utfördes var för att företaget såg det som ett behov att se över om dessa gästgårdar var värda att bevara och utveckla i framtiden. En utredning gjordes därför genom besök och jämförelse av tre olika gästgårdars verksamhet och utformning för att se hur viktig en sådan gård kan anses vara för ett företag. Som ett resultat av denna utredning har därefter ett förslag till en utformning av en bättre fungerande arbetsmiljö vid Hedvigsfors Herrgård tagits fram. Förslaget var ett önskemål från Iggesund Paperboard AB då denna gästgård fått en utökad verksamhet vilket lett till dåligt fungerande personalutrymmen. / This is the result of my examination report for Malardalens University in cooperation whit Iggesund Paperboard AB. The purpose with this work was to see how important a guesthouse is for a company but also how they are designed to work for this type of activity. A guesthouse can be seen to be important for a company´s representation. The house can be used as a technique to sale the companies goods and services but it is also a god method to tie strong band with the customer as well as between the company’s own employees. The reason that the study was made was that the company saw it as a need to look over if this type of guesthouse is important to keep and expand in the future. An investigation was their forth made through visits and comparison to three different guesthouses activity and design to see how important this type of house was seen to be for a company. As a result a proposal of a design for better work environment was made for Hedvigsfors farm. This proposal was a wish from Iggesund Paperboard AB after that the increased activities at this guesthouse have led to a bad work environment.

A Lean Construction (Construção Enxuta) é uma filosofia de construção que busca reduzir os recursos necessários para a produção e a otimização dos processos produtivos. O crescimento da Construção Civil, a escassez de mão de obra e equipamentos e a necessidade de programação dos materiais com antecedência, são razões que encorajam a busca de um modelo de planejamento que possibilite a leitura das informações do plano estratégico ao operacional. O objetivo é demonstrar que um modelo de planejamento elaborado com ações e técnicas de planejamento orientadas pelo Last Planner (planejamento final) contribui na implantação da Lean Construction. Deste modo, fora realizado um estudo de caso comprovando que utilizando técnicas de planejamento existentes em um modelo de planejamento podem resultar na redução de tempo, mão de obra e custo, quando aplicadas as técnicas de maneira associada e respeitando uma sequência na execução do planejamento. A pesquisa aqui exposta foi realizada através de um método de pesquisa teóricoexploratória buscando criar um modelo de planejamento que estabeleça uma visão clara da hierarquização do planejamento nos diferentes níveis gerenciais contribuindo para um aumento da eficiência do sistema de planejamento, uma vez que o setor tem adaptado conceitos, métodos e técnicas dos ambientes industriais que por diferir o contexto da atividade com o que deu origem a técnica acaba produzindo um sistema inadequado e de baixa eficácia. O modelo de planejamento formado através de uma EAP (Estrutura Analítica de Partição do Projeto), organizada em pacotes de trabalho e ordenada pela sequência executiva da obra, conforme recomenda o Last Planner, permite a identificação das atividades de transformação e as de fluxo, possibilitando a aplicação de sistemas enxutos de produção. Utilizando para a realização de um Sistema de Planejamento uma mesma EAP do processo de orçamentação ao planejamento da obra, as informações flutuam do operacional ao estratégico permitindo que em tempo real obtenha-se o fluxo de caixa da obra, a programação dos recursos e as curvas “S” de acompanhamento físico e financeiro. Através do acompanhamento da obra e da retroalimentação do planejamento, estas curvas “S” e as programações dos recursos seriam alteradas, conforme o andamento da obra, através de um único processo sistêmico, a retroalimentação do andamento da obra no físico planejado. / The Lean Construction (Lightweight Construction) is a construction philosophy that seeks to reduce the resources needed for the production and the optimization of production processes. The growth of the construction industry, the shortage of manpower and equipment and the need for programming of materials in advance, are reasons that encourage the search for a planning model that allows the reading of the strategic operational plan information. The goal is to demonstrate that a planning model developed with actions and targeted planning techniques by the Last Planner (planning) contribute in the implementation of Lean Construction. With pre supposed that these techniques, when applied, can result in the reduction of time, labour and cost. The search here was exposed through a theoretical and exploratory research method seeking to create a planning model that establishes a clear view of the hierarchy of different levels of management in planning contributes to increased efficiency of the planning system, since the sector has adapted concepts, methods and techniques of industrial environments that differ from the context of the activity that gave rise to the technique just producing a system inadequate and low effectiveness. The planning model formed through a WBS (work breakdown structure project partition), organised in work packages and ordered by the Executive of the sequence, as recommended by the Last Planner, allows the identification of processing activities and workflow, enabling the application of lean production systems. Using a planning System the same EAP budgeting process to work planning, information float from strategic to operational allowing real time get the cash flow of the work, the scheduling of resources and "S" curves of physical and financial monitoring. Through monitoring of the work and the feedback loop of planning, these "S" curves and resource schedules would be altered, depending on the progress of the work, through a single systemic process, the feedback loop of the progress of the work on the physical plan.