INTRODUCTION: Osseodensification is an innovative technique in dentistry to create osteotomies in bone to enhance bone density. Developed by Huwais in 2013, this method has been used to increase the primary stability around dental implants, help in indirect sinus lifts and achieve desired expansion in bone. AIM: The main objective of this study was to examine the effects of osseodensification-induced bone modification in mouse ex vivo cultures under dynamic conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty calvaria were surgically extracted from 7-9 days old mice and divided into groups. Densah burs were utilized to create the defects. Clockwise action of the bur produced conventional osteotomies whereas counter-clockwise action created osseodensification effects. Photomicrographs were taken on days 7,14 and 28. Image J software was used to trace the defects and all data were transferred into Microsoft Excel to generate graphs. Statistical analysis and tests of association were done using SPSS software. RESULTS: Increased defect closure was evident in the “Osseodensification” group compared to the “Conventional Osteotomy” group. Defect closure was highest in the first week. There was no statistical significance between groups in original defect size (P-value: 0.6097). Comparing both groups, defect closure was statistically significant on day 7 (P-value: 0.0313). CONCLUSION: Osseodensification has proven to be superior to conventional osteotomies in terms of healing around bony defects and enhancing the primary stability of dental implants. Dynamic conditions during the initial phase of wound healing could hinder the healing cascade and result in a delay of the normal healing process.

<p>Today’s housing system for laying hens has limitations for the hens natural behavior. Despite the current law of prevention of cruelty to animals, this might implicate health problems for the hens. This degree project is aiming to improve the situation for laying hens in cage-systems. The aim with our project is to bring forward a draft of a cage that improves the welfare of laying hens. The studies includes the hen in a natural life and in production, the law of prevention of cruelty to animals and studies of materials and design of current cages, this will hopefully bring out improved alternatives. There are about 5,3 million laying hens in Sweden at this moment but only about seven percent of them have access to open-air and the opportunity to implement their natural behavior. About one million laying hens are kept in approved cage-systems by the New Technique Evaluation Program, according to Swedish Board of Agriculture. These approved systems must include perches, nest boxes, claw shorteners and litter area. For each hen the area must be at least 0,06 square meter. These requirements are not enough with regard to the possibility for the hens to express their natural behaviors. A dammed up behavior can result in stereotypes. All disturbances in behavior are closely related to stress and arise from situations where the handling of the animals is not optimal. The most efficient way of handling emerged stereotypes is to solve the underlying problems i.e. as far as possible adjust the animals environment to improve the possibility to express themselves in a natural way. Regarding to the cage, considerations have been taken concerning natural behaviors that will benefit the welfare of the hen. The system is more commodious, more well-planned concerning perches in position and height, larger area of the cage, the nests and litterboxes, and sand as littersubstrate etcetera.</p>

Today’s housing system for laying hens has limitations for the hens natural behavior. Despite the current law of prevention of cruelty to animals, this might implicate health problems for the hens. This degree project is aiming to improve the situation for laying hens in cage-systems. The aim with our project is to bring forward a draft of a cage that improves the welfare of laying hens. The studies includes the hen in a natural life and in production, the law of prevention of cruelty to animals and studies of materials and design of current cages, this will hopefully bring out improved alternatives. There are about 5,3 million laying hens in Sweden at this moment but only about seven percent of them have access to open-air and the opportunity to implement their natural behavior. About one million laying hens are kept in approved cage-systems by the New Technique Evaluation Program, according to Swedish Board of Agriculture. These approved systems must include perches, nest boxes, claw shorteners and litter area. For each hen the area must be at least 0,06 square meter. These requirements are not enough with regard to the possibility for the hens to express their natural behaviors. A dammed up behavior can result in stereotypes. All disturbances in behavior are closely related to stress and arise from situations where the handling of the animals is not optimal. The most efficient way of handling emerged stereotypes is to solve the underlying problems i.e. as far as possible adjust the animals environment to improve the possibility to express themselves in a natural way. Regarding to the cage, considerations have been taken concerning natural behaviors that will benefit the welfare of the hen. The system is more commodious, more well-planned concerning perches in position and height, larger area of the cage, the nests and litterboxes, and sand as littersubstrate etcetera.

Piezoelectric and high speed rotary instrumentation have proven to be viable methods of preparing osteotomies during lateral sinus wall surgery. Piezoelectric units have been suggested to have superior access and control as well as the ability to discern between soft and hard tissue. The major disadvantage of the piezoelectric technology is the reduced speed at which osteotomies are prepared. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in operator perception, speed and membrane damage between the two modalities. Seven different operators prepared 4 osteotomies in 2 mm thick polyurethane sheets backed by 0.2 mm thick plastic wrap. The preparation speed and incidence of membrane damage were recorded after each osteotomy. The operator perception of each modality was recorded at the end of the preparations. Several questions were asked to evaluate the accuracy, visibility, vibration, comfort and ease of use of both modalities. Results showed that rotary instrumentation was 160% faster than piezo (p&lt;0.001), but resulted in 370% more damage and 130% more perforations (p&lt;0.01). Surveys of operator preference showed piezo units with higher scores for accuracy and visibility (p&lt;0.05). This study showed that in vitro a piezo unit compared to a rotary unit results in less membrane perforation and damage, higher perception of accuracy and visibility, but longer osteotomy preparation time. / Oral Biology

Denna rapport är skriven på och om Ringhals. Den beskriver i stora drag hur Ringhals jobbar för att hålla säkerheten på en hög nivå och hur de jobbar med miljön i fokus, som med t ex avfalls-och utsläppshanteringen. I rapporten kan man även läsa om underhållets och driftens organisation. På teknikavdelningen Nuclear teknik instrumentation analys (NTIA) pågår ett projekt där alla skrivare som sitter i kontrollrummen (KR) ska inventeras. Dessa skrivare ritar trender, från normalt ett flertal olika mätvärden, på papper. Inventeringen görs för att sammanställa information som status, fabrikat, placering och vilken information respektive skrivare presenterar. Det ska också undersökas om informationen som skrivarna presenterar finns tillgänglig i andra system. För att förstå var informationen eventuellt skulle kunna hämtas någonstans så beskrivs i rapporten system som blockdator (BUR), vibrationsdator, reaktorövervakningssystem (RÖS), turbinsystemet 800xA och processinformationssystem (PIS). Huvudsyftet är att detta arbete ska vara en del av det underlag som ingår i ”R34 Målkontrollrum”. ”R34 Målkontrollrum” ska i sin tur vara vägledande gällande hur anläggningarna ska kunna vidmakthållas till en effektiv kostnad. Resultatet av denna rapport visade att det inte var speciellt många mätvärden som kunde fås från de andra systemen utöver pappersskrivarna. Det ligger nu i övriga projektmedlemmars händer att med hjälp av denna inventering besluta vilka skrivare som kan plockas bort och vilka som bör bytas ut till s.k. Loggers.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cutting performance and accuracy of CAD/CAM diamond burs in different chemo-mechanical conditions when machining yttria-stabilized zirconia (YTZ), lithium-disilicate, feldspathic porcelain, and double network hybrid ceramic material. The study also examined bur wear mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two experiments were performed. Experiment 1: 45 samples of each material were milled, and four criteria were tested: milling time; surface roughness; change in bur weight after machining, and total cement space. Experiment 2: Four different coolant liquids were used while machining 15 samples of lithium-disilicate, feldspathic porcelain, and double network hybrid ceramic material. The four criteria in Experiment 1, plus marginal adaptation, were measured. Burs and ceramic materials used were examined with SEM before and after machining. RESULTS: Experiment 1: All burs milled 15 crowns of each material successfully, with a general increase in milling time and decrease in weight. Four wear patterns were identified: grit cracks, micro-fractures, dislodgement, and matrix abrasion. Sequential milling time increased for all of the ceramic materials. Surface roughness (Ra) decreased in general for all materials used in the study except YTZ, which showed an increase in Ra by the end of the machining series. Experiment 2: Additives used in this study had no significant effect on IPS e.max CAD milling efficiency or Ra. Boric acid reduced Vita MarkII machining time significantly and Ra. CONCLUSIONS: The cutting rate of diamond burs differed when machining different ceramic materials. In sequential machining, every consecutive milling demonstrated lower cutting efficacy. The surface roughness of consecutive machined samples differed. Some cooling liquids affected the quality of the machined surface. The bur wear mechanism was the same when different ceramic materials were machined, and their microstructure affected their machinability. / 2019-09-26T00:00:00Z

abstract: Healthcare infection control has led to increased utilization of disposable medical devices, which has subsequently led to increased adverse environmental effects attributed to healthcare and its supply chain. In dental practice, the dental bur is a commonly used instrument that can either be reused or used once and then disposed. To evaluate the disparities in environmental impacts of disposable and reusable dental burs, a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed. The comparative LCA evaluated a reusable dental bur (specifically, a 2.00mm Internal Irrigation Pilot Drill) reused 30 instances versus 30 identical burs used as disposables. The LCA methodology was performed using framework described by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14040 series. Sensitivity analyses were performed with respect to ultrasonic and autoclave loading. Findings from this research showed that when the ultrasonic and autoclave are loaded optimally, reusable burs had 40% less of an environmental impact than burs used on a disposable basis. When the ultrasonic and autoclave were loaded to 66% capacity, there was an environmental breakeven point between disposable and reusable burs. Eutrophication, carcinogenic impacts, non-carcinogenic impacts, and acidification were limited when cleaning equipment (i.e., ultrasonic and autoclave) were optimally loaded. Additionally, the bur's packaging materials contributed more negative environmental impacts than the production and use of the bur itself. Therefore, less materially-intensive packaging should be used. Specifically, the glass fiber reinforced plastic casing should be substituted for a material with a reduced environmental footprint. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Civil and Environmental Engineering 2013

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2000-12-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:43:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_vo_dr_arafo.pdf: 540803 bytes, checksum: 7326794dd51a361dd48b2e7c4b355170 (MD5) / O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência da forma do preparo cavitário na microinfiltração marginal em restaurações em dentes decíduos. Foram preparadas canaletas medindo 2,0 mm nas faces vestibular e lingual de molares decíduos que foram divididas aleatoriamente em 3 grupos de acordo com a técnica de preparo cavitário: Grupo I - alta rotação associado à ponta diamantada; Grupo II - sistema de abrasão a ar; e Grupo III - laser Er:YAG. Após o condicionamento com ácido fosfórico por 15 segundos, foi utilizado o adesivo Single Bond (3M) e a resina Filtek Flow (3M) para restaurar as canaletas. Os espécimes foram então mantidos em estufa a 37ºC por 6 dias, termociclados (500 ciclos com temperatura variando entre 5 e 55ºC), isolados e colocados em solução de fucsina básica à 0,5% durante 24 horas. Após serem seccionados a microinfiltração foi avaliada em microscópio ótico ligado a uma câmera de vídeo com 10 X de aumento. Para se avaliar a forma das cavidades medimos os ângulos oclusal, cervical e de abertura das cavidades, bem como a largura e a profundidade das mesmas por meio de fotomicrografias obtidas em MEV. Os resultados demonstraram semelhança estatística entre as larguras dos preparos cavitários, porém os ângulos oclusal, cervical e de abertura das cavidades apresentaram-se diferentes estatisticamente e que não houve microinfiltração marginal em nenhum dos grupos avaliados e que a diferença na forma de preparo das cavidades não influenciou na microinfiltração marginal dos espécimes estudados. / The aim of this research was the evaluation of the cavity prepare technique on the marginal microleakage in deciduous teeth. Cavities measuring 2.0 mm were prepared on the buccal and lingual faces and were divided into three groups according to the cavity prepare technique: Group I - High speed associated to diamond bur; Group II - air abrasion system; and Group III - Er:YAG laser. After the phosphoric acid etching for 15 seconds, the Single Bond (3M) adhesive and te Filtek Flow (3M) were used for the restoration of the cavities. Then the sample was stored at 37ºC for 6 days, termocycled (500 cycles with temperature varying from 5 to 55º C), isolated and immersed in a 0.5% funcsin solution for 24 hours. After being sectioned the microleakage was examined with a magnification optical microscope connected to a color video camera. In order to evaluate the shape of the cavities the occlusal, cervical and cavity opening angles were measured, as well as the width and depth of then, using SEM photographs. The results showed that there was no marginal microleakage in any of the evaluated groups and that the difference in the cavity shape did not influence the marginal infiltration on the studied samples.

Growth performance of Bur oak (Q. macrocarpa Michx.) and Red oak (Q. rubra L.) under salinity conditions was assessed by growing seedlings in the presence of increasing levels of NaCl. Salinity reduced root growth in both species, although its repressive effect was more pronounced in Red oak. Exposure to 75 mM NaCl for three weeks almost arrested root growth in Red oak, while it reduced it only by 40 % in Bur oak. Red oak roots showed extensive necrosis and limited branching. Salinity also induced leaf injury, which at a NaCl level of 25 mM was less severe in Bur oak possibly due the higher expression of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), enzymes participating in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Salinity also altered nutrient uptake and accumulation in root and leaf tissue. Compared to Red oak, the relative calcium level in Bur oak roots exposed to increased salinity remained elevated, while an opposite trend was observed in leaf tissue. This was in contrast to nitrogen and potassium, the relative level of which was higher in Red oak leaves grown in the presence of NaCl. The better performance of Bur oak root tissue under salinity conditions was ascribed to structural modifications of the root system with maturation of casparian bands and suberinization occurring closer to the root tip. These structures are known to act as barriers enhancing ion selectivity. Collectively this study demonstrates that relative to Red oak, Bur oak is more tolerant to NaCl induced salinity conditions. / February 2017

Recent research has challenged the long-standing hypothesis that forests in the Upper Midwest of the United States developed during wetter periods and retreated during dry periods. We explored this debate by examining patterns of tree establishment on an oak savanna in east-central Minnesota within the context of variable moisture availability and fire suppression. We used superposed epoch analyses (SEA) to evaluate the mean moisture conditions for a 21-year window surrounding tree establishment dates. Before effective fire suppression (1809–1939), 24 of 42 trees with pith dates (62%) grew to 30-cm height during dry years (Palmer Drought Severity Index < -1), versus only 5 of 42 (12%) that established in wet years (PDSI > 1). Significantly more trees established during dry periods (negative PDSI values) than would be expected with the proportion of wet-to-dry years (x²= 10.738, df = 1, p-value = 0.001). Twenty of the complete sample of 74 trees with pith dates (27%) established during drought in the 1930s. We hypothesize that dry conditions limited plant productivity, which in turn decreased competition between grasses and tree seedlings and reduced rates of accumulation of fine fuels, enabling seedlings to grow tall enough to resist subsequent fires. We recommend SEA as a methodological approach to compare historical climate conditions with the timing of regeneration success in other regions of forest expansion.