The Bureau of Land Managements (BLM) Emergency Fire Rehabilitation (EFR) policy was developed in 1985 to encourage protection of sites from soil erosion and to minimize potential changes in vegetation communities that may result from the dominance of weedy species. To achieve the goals of EFR policy, managers often used introduced perennial grasses that established quicker and competed better with introduced annuals than did native plants. However, the change of sagebrush-grass communities to communities dominated by introduced forage grasses has led to concerns for wildlife habitat. This concern contributed to a policy change encouraging the use of native species, when available, for rehabilitation projects. This study attempts to assess the effectiveness of BLM EFR projects in meeting the stated goals of the BLM EFR policy in the Great Basin. To do this, two field offices per state were randomly selected from an inclusive list of all Great Basin field offices. In 2001, we randomly selected three EFR projects per field office from those projects that used native species. On each project site, we used a common monitoring technique in association with monitoring techniques implemented by the BLM to assess if national EFR objectives were being met. A semi-structured survey was developed to determine the potential reasons why native and introduced plants were either used or not used, why monitoring was and was not proposed, and whether monitoring was implemented in rehabilitation projects. BLM monitoring techniques did not adequately evaluate EFR goal achievement. The time it took to implement any of the BLM methods did not differ significantly from the time needed to implement the common protocol on the two projects where BLM had implemented monitoring and used native plants (F[subscript 3,12]=1.63, P=0.23). Cost to implement the common monitoring technique was minimal and it directly measured aspects of stated EFR policy goals. Vegetative cover of all natives, seeded and volunteers, contributed half of the overall cover on EFR projects and was significantly higher than sown introduced species. Invasive species were intermediate and did not differ significantly from either the natives or the introduced. The seeded species were a subset of the native or introduced classes. Composition by cover between sown native, sown introduced, and invasive species did not differ significantly. Vegetation cover increased the surface soil stability 39% of the time and subsurface stability 56% beneath the vegetation. Respondents of the survey stated that they generally use more natives and more complex seed mixtures than they did historically. Many also stated that they prefer to use native over introduced species. However, most felt that introduced species are more effective in meeting EFR goals on the degraded sites than native species. All respondents would like to access a summarized report of other rehabilitation projects. The respondents were split between accessing it through the World Wide Web or through a written report. We believe that a common database could be created and maintained on the World Wide Web if a common sampling protocol was implemented. / Graduation date: 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence leadership and its distribution in the Arab Bureau of Education for the Gulf States (ABEGS) Saudi Arabia. The research was undertaken in the ABEGS as a case study and its two initiatives, the Gulf Arab States Educational Research Centre (GASERC) Kuwait, and the Arab Educational Training Centre for Gulf States (AETCGS) Qatar respectively. The findings of this study reveal that the leadership in this interorganizational environment is distributed within the four levels of organizational structures. The visionary leadership comes from the inner most core political level that has its influence and direction at the strategic, managerial, and operational levels of the organization. . Based on extensive research of Leithwood and his colleagues, this study will integrate four leadership functions of setting directions, structuring the organization, developing capacity, and managing the (partnership) program into the analysis of interorganizational partnerships. The study also examined ‘securing accountability’ as another important leadership function in the partnership environment. I learnt that multiple factors influence leadership and enable different individuals and groups to perform these functions at the strategic, managerial and operational levels of the interorganizational structures. However, the major influence on leadership that weaves through the strategic level to the grassroots levels is the consultative process embedded in the organizational structures of the Arab Bureau. Some other prominent factors that influence leadership found in the study are positional power in the hierarchy, experience and knowledge, and dedication and commitment. Researchers like Benson, Mawhiney, Kickert, Proven, and Rodríguez, explored interorganizational partnerships and view the structures of leadership either vertically centralized or horizontally distributive. I argue that interorganizational leadership works horizontally at each level of the partnership i.e. strategic, managerial, and operational and vertically between these levels in the ABEGS partnership as shown in the ‘Circular Model of Interorganizational Leadership’ of this study. The leaders at various levels in the Arab Bureau from the member states function as equals. However, firm vertical hierarchy exists between various levels in the structures of the ABEGS. It is therefore established that horizontal and vertical leadership work simultaneously in interorganizational partnership environments as found in the case study of the Arab Bureau.

The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence leadership and its distribution in the Arab Bureau of Education for the Gulf States (ABEGS) Saudi Arabia. The research was undertaken in the ABEGS as a case study and its two initiatives, the Gulf Arab States Educational Research Centre (GASERC) Kuwait, and the Arab Educational Training Centre for Gulf States (AETCGS) Qatar respectively. The findings of this study reveal that the leadership in this interorganizational environment is distributed within the four levels of organizational structures. The visionary leadership comes from the inner most core political level that has its influence and direction at the strategic, managerial, and operational levels of the organization. . Based on extensive research of Leithwood and his colleagues, this study will integrate four leadership functions of setting directions, structuring the organization, developing capacity, and managing the (partnership) program into the analysis of interorganizational partnerships. The study also examined ‘securing accountability’ as another important leadership function in the partnership environment. I learnt that multiple factors influence leadership and enable different individuals and groups to perform these functions at the strategic, managerial and operational levels of the interorganizational structures. However, the major influence on leadership that weaves through the strategic level to the grassroots levels is the consultative process embedded in the organizational structures of the Arab Bureau. Some other prominent factors that influence leadership found in the study are positional power in the hierarchy, experience and knowledge, and dedication and commitment. Researchers like Benson, Mawhiney, Kickert, Proven, and Rodríguez, explored interorganizational partnerships and view the structures of leadership either vertically centralized or horizontally distributive. I argue that interorganizational leadership works horizontally at each level of the partnership i.e. strategic, managerial, and operational and vertically between these levels in the ABEGS partnership as shown in the ‘Circular Model of Interorganizational Leadership’ of this study. The leaders at various levels in the Arab Bureau from the member states function as equals. However, firm vertical hierarchy exists between various levels in the structures of the ABEGS. It is therefore established that horizontal and vertical leadership work simultaneously in interorganizational partnership environments as found in the case study of the Arab Bureau.

Ecological research, both basic and applied, can inform management decisions on public land in a number of ways. Most importantly, it can illuminate any negative effects of a given land use practice as well as the causes behind that effect. This type of information can be important to a management agency, such as the BLM, with a multi-use mission as these studies indicate under what management regimes a land use is in contradiction with other goals, such as conservation or restoration. The current body of research, however, is flawed. In order to make fully informed decisions, land managers are in need of site or ecosystem-specific studies, which may not be available for the ecosystem in question. In addition, as is the case with investigations of the effects of extraction of natural gas, lack of baseline data and systematically controlled experiments lead to incomplete answering of questions pertinent to land managers. To produce research that is more pertinent to land managers, researchers and managers can work together more closely. This could be facilitated if funding were available to BLM field offices to solicit investigation into questions they need answered locally. This may necessitate a certain level of decentralization or at least more discretionary power given to local managers within the agency. Close collaboration between researchers and land managers from the beginning would ensure the produced results could better inform management decisions. Public land managers of the BLM cannot only consider scientific research when making land use decisions, however. Its multi-use mission statement requires an integration of conservation, restoration, recreation and resource use and extraction. This can lead to a number of conflicts or contradictions between goals. In addition, national, state, and local values and priorities play into which land use practices are deemed acceptable, often regardless of scientific research. In order to remedy the situation, boundary spanning, a transdisciplinary approach, and decentralization have been suggested.

S'appuyant sur une étude de cas d'un conflit environnemental lié à un projet de parc éolien au Québec (Canada), cette recherche doctorale traite : 1) des stratégies de diffusion de l'information utilisées par le promoteur et de la façon dont les gens ont réagi à cette information; 2) des différents profils de recherche d'informations des acteurs impliqués et du rôle de la confiance et de la défiance dans la diffusion de l'information; et 3) des changements apportés à la structure sociale de la communauté concernée par le conflit, notamment la détérioration et l'intensification des relations sociales entre les acteurs les plus impliqués. La méthodologie de recherche mixte inclut une revue de la documentation, de l'observation notamment lors d'événements publics, des entrevues semi-structurées et des questionnaires sociométriques auprès de 93 individus impliqués dans le processus officiel de consultation du Bureau d'audiences publiques sur l'environnement (BAPE). L'échantillon est constitué de 74 opposants au projet et de 19 partisans. Le travail de terrain a eu lien entre les mois d'août 2009 et mai 2010. La première partie de la recherche vise à répondre aux trois questions suivantes : qui est informé du projet, quand ces gens le sont-ils, et comment cette diffusion influence-t-elle l'émergence et le développement d'un conflit? La littérature scientifique relevait déjà que, lorsqu'un conflit environnemental survient, l'information à laquelle les gens ont accès influence grandement le développement du conflit. Les principaux résultats de recherche montrent que le promoteur a fait des choix stratégiques concernant la diffusion de l'information (confidentialité, exclusion de certains acteurs - notamment les citoyens -, rumeurs, etc.) qui ont contribué à faire émerger une opposition dans les dernières étapes de développement du projet éolien. De plus, la sensibilisation de la population par rapport au projet éolien a été lente, en partie parce que la nouvelle du projet s'est répandue lentement dans la communauté et parce que plusieurs personnes refusaient de croire qu'un tel projet pouvait être réalisé dans leur environnement. La deuxième partie de la recherche vise à répondre aux deux questions suivantes : qui sont les sources d'information des gens et en qui n'ont-ils pas confiance pour la diffusion d'information pertinente? Selon la littérature scientifique, les communautés concernées par un projet de développement font souvent preuve d'un manque de confiance envers les promoteurs et les décideurs. Les principaux résultats de recherche ont révélé que les partisans et les opposants présentaient des différences importantes dans leur profil de recherche d'informations, et ce, quant à l'accès à des acteurs en position de pouvoir, mais également quant à la quantité et à la diversité de leurs sources d'information. Les opposants et les partisans faisaient preuve d'une grande confiance envers les membres de leur groupe, mais la défiance à l'égard de l'autre groupe était aussi très importante, particulièrement pour les opposants envers les partisans. La suspicion a servi de stratégie pour discréditer les adversaires qui étaient perçus comme indignes de confiance. La troisième partie de la recherche vise à évaluer la division sociale dans la communauté concernée par le projet éolien. Cette division sociale avait été observée par le BAPE, mais n'avait pas été évaluée. Le conflit a suscité la détérioration de trois relations par participant en moyenne, ce qui inclut aussi la détérioration de certains liens forts. Avant le conflit, les participants à la recherche étaient liés en moyenne par 14,5 relations. La détérioration concerne presque exclusivement des relations entre opposants et partisans, confirmant du même coup la division sociale. De plus, le conflit a provoqué une diminution de l'entraide entre les citoyens et le projet éolien était un sujet tabou dans plusieurs lieux centraux pour cette communauté rurale. Par ailleurs, le conflit a aussi contribué à créer de nouvelles relations (en moyenne 5 par participant) et à intensifier positivement certaines relations préexistantes. À travers les relations nouvelles et préexistantes, le conflit a suscité une importante quête de soutien social, mais aussi le recours à différentes stratégies d'adaptation pour gérer le stress. Certaines de ces stratégies peuvent être considérées comme négatives et pourraient être liées à la perception d'un soutien social inapproprié. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Source d'information, Confiance, Division sociale, BAPE, Énergie éolienne

Japan obtained equal status with the west imperialism, like Britain and North America, after defeating Russia in 1905. For promoting their mainland policy, they set up the semi-official and semi-private company- South Manchuria Railway (SMR). It owned a huge Research Bureau to investigate some aspects like railway, natural resources, transportation and military, not only for satisfying colonial goal but also for producing rich, valuable and multidimensional knowledge .During forty-years, the Research Bureau attracted and enrolled many Japanese who had interests on, or preference to China. Japanese took this process as a approach or domain to contact with China. This process also reflected their own ideology, image and relative location to China by the rise of the Empire of Japan. This dissertation starts from reviewing important research results, such as Shina Resistance Report, Nōson Chūgoku Kankō Chōsa Surveys. The discussion goes further to four researchers in the SMR: Shūmei Ōkawa, Tachibana Shiraki, Amano Waranosuke and Itō Takeo, who were with various academic background and even standpoint. The investigators attempted to construct their own research approach and meanwhile suffered from dealing it with the subjective power structure. The last section focuses on the academic debate after the war time, in term of controversial interpretation about Mantetsu knowledge from Japanese Sinology. From these three perspectives, the dissertation intends to take Mantetsu as a example to portray the context, power relationship and conflicts within research institute in Japan. It would therefore generalize objectivity, autonomy and path-dependence from the Mantetsu knowledge.

Kaoshiung Port had natural advantage of geographical conditions plus adopting the strategy of developing container center in 1970 and also was developed and operated achievement very well in past 20 years for prevailing in containerization. In late 1990, Kaoshiung Port faced internal and external competitive stress because global planning and management affairs were getting in vogue and neighboring countries invested in harbor facilities competitively. By far three years nearly, Kaoshiung Port was in very competitive circumstance and had to adopt seriously some tactic to promote its competition. In 2001, Taiwan government brought up the policy of Free-Trade Port Zone (FTPZ) and intended establishing FTPZ in harbor or airport in order to solicit for propriertors¡¦ investment against the businesses such as exhibition, processing manufacturing and transshipment of storehouse. Due to many examples in growth with high-speed by FTPZ in overseas harbors, KHB respects on this policy very much and strives with all its strength to set up FTPZ in Kaoshiung Port. There are no any precedents of domestic FTPZ in Taiwan. In order to find out the effect of FTPZ to Kaoshiung Port and point for attention and improvement in driving this strategy, following status are found out by this research with collection and discussion on reference sub-data and SWOT analysis of Kaoshiung Port¡¦s competition plus statistical analysis of survey. 1. 71% of persons consider that KHB will promote its advantage in competition and increase container sales revenue to establish FTPZ, extremely 93% of persons think KHB will get much help if government opens direct transportation links with Mainland 2. Following importance of external and internal factors affect whether FTZP will carry out and develop its function: External: Opening up direct transportation links with Mainland, good investment environment, preferential land tax and other levies, efficient clearance, proprietors¡¦ investment will. Internal: advantage of geographical localities, tally with information system of users¡¦ demand, efficient stevedoring, organized system of operation decision-making power, reasonable port tariff, rental and flexible adjustment, respect of customers¡¦ suggestion and high quality service, sufficient container areas 3. In order to apply effectively with restricted resources, now KHB has priority to improve its serviced resources of internal is information system, organized system, selling action, and human resources. Eventually, in order that KHB establishes tactical target of FTPZ effectively, mainly there are some suggestions to two parts, government¡¦s policy-making department and KHB, by this research to pass the bill of FTPZ, open direct transportation links with Mainland, adjust organized system of KHB, improve service system with right remedial steps, reform the rental mode of container harbor, and cooperate with succeeded international harbors or strategic alliance.

No description available.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

The aim of the thesis is an analysis of vulnerable groups of population in the Czech labour market, focusing on their characteristics, causes of their riskiness and proposed solutions. The theoretical part of the thesis includes evaluation of the role of The Bureau of Labour and temporary help agencies in mediation of employment to individuals at risk. In the empirical part of the thesis, which is aiming at the group of people under 25 years of age and graduates, the development of youth unemployment in the Czech Republic and EU member states is analysed on the basis of evaluation of Eurostat statistical data. To determine the profile of the aforementioned group and to confirm or refute the presumed causes of riskiness of this group (mentioned in theoretical part), a questionnaire survey has been conducted through The Bureau of Labour in the three regions of the Czech Republic. The benefit of this thesis is recommendation of appropriate policy to remedy the unsatisfactory position of youth in the labour market. From the methodological point of view a method of analysis of statistical data, a method of comparison, a method of structured interviews with experts and questionnaire survey has been used.