O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi identificar os fatores contingenciais para o desenvolvimento e alinhamento das atividades de gestão ambiental com a estratégia empresarial em pequenas empresas. Esses fatores são tratados neste trabalho como barreiras e facilitadores à adoção de práticas ambientais em empresas de pequeno porte. A gestão ambiental é considerada como um conjunto de diretrizes e atividades administrativas e operacionais realizadas pela empresa para abordar problemas ambientais decorrentes da sua atuação ou para evitar que eles ocorram no futuro. Desde os anos 1990, acadêmicos e profissionais têm demonstrado que as atividades de gestão ambiental são urgentes para o planeta e boas para a reputação empresarial e desempenho econômico das empresas. Esta pesquisa foi realizada em quatro empresas de pequeno porte do setor metal-mecânico, situadas na região central do estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa adotou o método qualitativo, com finalidade exploratória, e utilizou a abordagem do estudo de casos coletivos. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram as entrevistas semi-estruturadas e a análise documental. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo indutiva. Como principal resultado, encontrou-se que a capacidade de inovação é o principal facilitador do alinhamento entre gestão ambiental e estratégia empresarial nas pequenas empresas pesquisadas. / The general aim of this research was to identify the contingency factors for the development and alignment of environmental management activities with business strategy in small enterprises. These factors are addressed in this work as barriers and facilitators to the adoption of environmental practices in smaller enterprises. Environmental management is the set of company guidelines and operational and administrative tasks which deal with environmental problems that may be caused by the companys activities and are adopted to prevent their future occurrence. Since the 1990s scholars and practitioners have shown that environmental management activities are urgent for the planet and good for business reputation, as well as the financial performance of companies. This research was conducted at four small enterprises of the metal-mechanic industry in the central region of the state of São Paulo. The research adopted the qualitative method with exploratory purposes, and used the collective case study approach. The data collection instruments used were semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis. The data analysis employed the inductive content analysis technique. The main conclusion was that the capacity for innovation is the most important facilitator for the alignment of environmental management and business strategy in the small enterprises investigated.

Com a divulgação dos efeitos antrópicos sobre o clima nos últimos anos, nota-se um adensamento no debate acerca da incorporação da temática socioambiental na agenda corporativa. Embora as externalidades ambientais da atividade produtiva sejam conhecidas desde o início da Revolução Industrial, os processos de elaboração e implementação de estratégias empresariais de sustentabilidade ainda é algo em desenvolvimento. O presente trabalho visa analisar a dinâmica da difusão de estratégias de sustentabilidade em redes empresariais através de modelos de sistemas sociais complexos. Para tanto, são analisados alguns modelos consolidados na literatura, como o modelo de Ising (1925), Barabási-Albert (1999) e Ito e Kaneko (2002). Tal análise subsidia a criação de um modelo específico, cujos resultados de sua simulação são utilizados para gerar hipóteses que alicerceiam a elaboração de cenários prospectivos, pautando-se no referencial de Berger (1959) e Godet (2008). Por fim, tais cenários apresentam possíveis realidades futuras quanto à emergência de um setor produtivo mais sustentável, auxiliando no planejamento de empresas e governos. / With the disclosure of anthropogenic impacts on climate in recent years, there has been a growing debate about the incorporation of environmental issues on the corporate agenda. Although the environmental externalities of productive activity are known since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the processes of development and implementation of corporate sustainability strategies are still under development. The present work analyzes the dynamics of the diffusion of sustainability strategies on enterprise networks through models of complex social systems. Hence, we analyze three well known models: Ising (1925), Barabási-Albert (1999) and Ito and Kaneko (2002). This analysis underpins the creation of a specific model, which results are used to generate hypotheses that support the development of prospective scenarios, based on Berger (1959) and Godet (2008). Finally, these scenarios present possible future realities for the emergence of a sustainable productive sector, assisting in the planning of businesses and governments.

Cette recherche a pour objectif clé de créer un modèle conceptuel et numérique, basé sur le machine learning, permettant aux académiques et praticiens de repenser le management stratégique mais aussi de prédire l’évolution de la performance organisationnelle (e.g., la profitabilité) en fonction de la variation des facteurs organisationnels étudiés (alignement stratégique, capacités stratégiques).Cette thèse compare et intègre deux approches conceptuelles (approche par les ressources et la théorie de la contingence) et deux approches analytiques (linéaire et non linéaire).Le modèle développé appelé MSM (Modèle de Management Stratégique) est basé sur les données recueillies auprès de 239 hauts dirigeants, les résultats montrent que le MSM capture la non-linéarité (complexité) de l’organisation et offre une bonne capacité de prédiction des performances de l’entreprise basée sur les variables du MSM. De plus, les résultats suggèrent que les approches basées sur les ressources et la contingence devraient être considérées comme complémentaires plutôt que comme des approches concurrentes. / A key goal for this dissertation has been to create a conceptual and numerical model based on machine learning that allows leaders and scholars to reimagine strategic management, and predict the evolution of organizational performance (e.g., profitability) based on the variation of the considered organizational factors (strategic alignment, strategic capabilities).This dissertation compares and integrates two conceptual (resource-based and contingency-based), and two analytical (linear and nonlinear) approaches.The model developed called MSM (Model of Strategic Management) was validated using the data gathered from 239 senior executives, the results showed that MSM captures the organization nonlinearity (complexity) and offers a good prediction capability of firm performance based on the MSM variables. Also, the results suggest that resource-based and contingency-based should be viewed as complementary instead of competing approaches.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-23T14:33:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Vargas_.pdf: 699271 bytes, checksum: 8399743b1b3e02bf72ed6e89100442ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-23T14:33:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Vargas_.pdf: 699271 bytes, checksum: 8399743b1b3e02bf72ed6e89100442ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-28 / Nenhuma / São crescentes os estudos sobre implementação da estratégia dada a sua importância para que a empresa alcance vantagem competitiva. Porém, existe a necessidade de se compreender com mais aprofundamento os requisitos para a implementação bem sucedida da estratégia no varejo. Há espaço na literatura no campo da estratégia de varejo para um melhor entendimento da relação entre estrutura, implementação e desempenho organizacional nesse setor. A literatura da área de estratégia apresenta diversos estudos que analisam a relação entre estrutura organizacional e implementação. Há contudo aspectos a se compreender nessa relação, um deles se refere às dimensões que podem moderar essa relação. Este estudo entra nessa discussão teórica, analisando a influência da estratégia de negócio e da incerteza ambiental moderando a relação entre estrutura organizacional e a implementação da estratégia. Além disso, este estudo se propõe a compreender como essas relações se manifestam no contexto do varejo de alimentação fora do lar. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa, através de uma survey do tipo corte-transversal, avalia empiricamente o efeito contingencial da estratégia de negócio na relação entre a estrutura organizacional e a implementação da estratégia de marketing. Para isso, foram considerados 171 questionários coletados junto a empresas de pequeno porte do setor varejista de alimentação fora do lar. Os resultados do levantamento demonstraram que a descentralização da estrutura organizacional influencia positivamente a implementação da estratégia, assim como, confirmou-se que a formalização influencia negativamente a implementação da estratégia. Além disso, os resultados encontrados indicaram que a estratégia de negócio modera a relação entre estrutura e implementação. / Studies on implementation of the strategy given its importance for the company to achieve competitive advantage are increasing. However, there is a need to understand with more depth the requirements for the successful implementation of the strategy in retail. There is room in the literature in the field of retail strategy to better understand the relationship between structure, implementation, and organizational performance in this sector. The literature of the strategy area features several studies that examine the relationship between organizational structure and implementation. There are however ways to understand this relationship, one refers to dimensions that can moderate this relationship. This study goes into this theoretical discussion, analyzing the influence of business strategy and environmental uncertainty moderating the relationship between organizational structure and strategy implementation. In addition, this study aims to understand how these relations are manifested in the power retail environment outside the home. In this sense, this research through a survey of the cut cross-sectional empirically evaluates the contingent effect of business strategy on the relationship between organizational structure and implementation of the marketing strategy. For this, they considered 171 questionnaires collected from small businesses in the retail sector of food outside the home. The survey results showed that the decentralization of the organizational structure positively influence the implementation of the strategy, as it was confirmed that the formalization negatively influences the implementation of the strategy. Furthermore, the results indicate that the business strategy moderates the relationship between structure and implementation.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar situações em que a tecnologia da informação (TI) contribui para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de negócios, envolvendo interrelação e cooperação entre empresas no setor da saúde. O estudo baseia-se na análise das operações de serviços em uma rede de valor (grupo determinado de empresas) no setor da saúde. Esta análise é realizada por meio de técnicas estratégicas, buscando compreender como e por que a tecnologia da informação pode ser utilizada como um fator diferenciador e decisivo na escolha de estratégias de negócios. As estratégias de negócios obtêm vantagem competitiva na medida em que criam valor, aumentando a eficiência e/ou eficácia das empresas. Este valor pode ser mais bem percebido e até aferido ao se analisar as interações em uma rede de valor em que a empresa está inserida. O levantamento de dados deste trabalho tem respaldo no método exploratório cuja função, entre outras, é obter informações sobre possibilidades práticas de realização de pesquisas em situações de vida real. Utilizam-se, ainda, de levantamento bibliográfico, pesquisas de documentos e dados em geral, tendo como fonte principal um estudo de caso múltiplo, englobando empresas de uma rede de valor no setor da saúde. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que o uso da TI permite ampliar os pontos fortes da empresa, além de suas oportunidades no ambiente externo e propicia também formas alternativas de atuação das empresas no mercado, gerando possibilidades para o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias ou modelos de negócios. / The purpose of this study is the analysis of cases where information technology (IT) helps the development of business strategies. It involves the inter-relation and cooperation among companies in the health care sector. This study is based on the analysis of service operations in the health care sector (a particular group of companies) by means of strategic techniques. It addresses the reasons why information technology may be used as a decisive differentiating factor in the selection of business strategies. Business strategies result in competitive advantages as they create value and thus increase business efficiency and/or effectiveness. Such value may be perceived and measured when the chain of values, the value system, the supply chain, and most of all, the network of values where the company is encased, are analyzed. Data collection for this study is supported by the exploratory method whose function,among others, is getting information about the practical possibilities of carrying out researches in real life conditions. This study also makes use of bibliographic research, documents research and generic data. The main source of data is a multi-case study encompassing health care enterprises. Data obtained in this research show that IT application may amplify the company strong points as well as its business opportunities in the market. It also opens up alternative forms of market actuation and raises new possibilities for the development of new strategies and business models.

Small companies can more flexible react to the present economic crise on one side, but on the other side they are very influenced by unpredictability and continous external factor changes From that reason the current economic crise can contribute to the development of various managerial simulation enabling better support in the company decision making. This new condition and rules "rebuilding" without question means also the creation of new opportunity. The decision making should be supported by suitable decision making systems to be able to quickly react, specially for small companies. This role can play business flight simulators on the basis of system dynamics, which can help small companies make strategy decision. And just the analysis of possibility how to use business flight simulators for the strategy decision in the sector of small companies is the main goal of this thesis. First the present state research had to be done and the definition of small companies and the business strategy was set. Further in this thesis the analysis of using bussines flight simulators for strategy decision making are described. This analysis is influenced by two main factors -- thin capitalization and the current business complexity - which declare the general failure in small companies sector. On these factors of failure the business flight simulator using is tested by creating models in the software for decision making support. The part of all models is the company definition from the resources view, external and internal influences including "soft" factors and the developing of the model which is the base of the business flight simulator. Within the exploring, the questionare research in the small company sector was carried out. This research should show how Czech companies use bussiness flight simulators, if they want to try them or if their decisions are supported by this kind of decision making systems. The own development of model cases reflecting these main factors of the failure and their possible solution made in the software for decision making, which was tested at one small company, the analysis of business flight simulators using by questionare research in the sector of Czech small companies and sugessted recomandation could be taken as a main and scientific benefit of this thesis.

Com a divulgação dos efeitos antrópicos sobre o clima nos últimos anos, nota-se um adensamento no debate acerca da incorporação da temática socioambiental na agenda corporativa. Embora as externalidades ambientais da atividade produtiva sejam conhecidas desde o início da Revolução Industrial, os processos de elaboração e implementação de estratégias empresariais de sustentabilidade ainda é algo em desenvolvimento. O presente trabalho visa analisar a dinâmica da difusão de estratégias de sustentabilidade em redes empresariais através de modelos de sistemas sociais complexos. Para tanto, são analisados alguns modelos consolidados na literatura, como o modelo de Ising (1925), Barabási-Albert (1999) e Ito e Kaneko (2002). Tal análise subsidia a criação de um modelo específico, cujos resultados de sua simulação são utilizados para gerar hipóteses que alicerceiam a elaboração de cenários prospectivos, pautando-se no referencial de Berger (1959) e Godet (2008). Por fim, tais cenários apresentam possíveis realidades futuras quanto à emergência de um setor produtivo mais sustentável, auxiliando no planejamento de empresas e governos. / With the disclosure of anthropogenic impacts on climate in recent years, there has been a growing debate about the incorporation of environmental issues on the corporate agenda. Although the environmental externalities of productive activity are known since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the processes of development and implementation of corporate sustainability strategies are still under development. The present work analyzes the dynamics of the diffusion of sustainability strategies on enterprise networks through models of complex social systems. Hence, we analyze three well known models: Ising (1925), Barabási-Albert (1999) and Ito and Kaneko (2002). This analysis underpins the creation of a specific model, which results are used to generate hypotheses that support the development of prospective scenarios, based on Berger (1959) and Godet (2008). Finally, these scenarios present possible future realities for the emergence of a sustainable productive sector, assisting in the planning of businesses and governments.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o incorporador imobiliário, sua ação empreendedora e influência na produção do ambiente construído. Para isso, foi tomado como base o conhecimento de como os incorporadores agem ou reagem às políticas e às regulamentações legais e como podem ser estimulados ou desestimulados, em razão do interesse público. Foi estudada a formulação estratégica no caso de sete empresas que atuaram de maneira significativa no mercado imobiliário de São Paulo, no segmento residencial, entre os anos 1960 e 1980: Construtora Adolpho Lindenberg, Hindi Cia. Brasileira de Habitações, Construtora Anhembi (sucedida pela Construtora Romeu Chap Chap), Sobloco, Construtora Luciano Wertheim, Construtora Albuquerque & Takaoka e Construtora Alfredo Mathias. O período analisado coincide com uma fase de grande desenvolvimento econômico no país e também de muita instabilidade. A narrativa foi elaborada com base nas teorias dos estudos de caso e da historiografia. As evidências foram analisadas sob a luz da Administração Estratégica, com foco sobre os efeitos de uma estratégia empresarial centrada num “empreendedor”, em um ambiente turbulento e num ramo de negócios complexo e de alto risco. Esse modelo estratégico adotado pelas empresas possibilitou obter sucesso na atividade de produção de residências, diante das oportunidades repentinas, surgidas no mercado paulistano, mas também mostrou suas limitações. Este trabalho também discute a questão das inovações na produção habitacional e a relação dos incorporadores com a prática do planejamento urbano. Essas compreensões podem proporcionar melhorias na gestão urbana. / This paper analyses Brazilian Real Estate developers, their entrepreneurship and influence on the built environment. Research has been focused on how the developers act and react depending on the public policies and urban laws and how they could be stimulated to act according to the public interest. The research approach adopted was that of studying the strategic formulation of seven companies that have developed housing units in the São Paulo Real Estate market, between 1960 and 1980,: Construtora Adolpho Lindenberg, Hindi Cia. Brasileira de Habitações, Construtora Anhembi (and its inheritor, Construtora Romeu Chap Chap), Sobloco, Construtora Luciano Wertheim, Construtora Albuquerque & Takaoka and Construtora Alfredo Mathias. In this period of time, there had been economic development but also a great instability. The narrative was enacted using case studies and historiography theories. The evidences were analyzed under the concepts of Strategic Management. The study analyses the effects of a strategy focused on the entrepreneur, facing a turbulent environment, in a high risk and complex business. The strategic model enables to get success in the housing market when the opportunities has rise, but also has showed its limitations. This paper also discusses the questions of innovation in Real Estate and the relationship between developers and planners. This comprehension could help to reach a better urban management.

Nos últimos anos, as organizações enfrentam um mercado com alta competitividade e, obrigatoriamente, buscam vantagem competitiva. Diante desse cenário, o foco no cliente é apontado como solução para o alcance da vantagem competitiva sustentável. E, conseqüentemente, a filosofia do marketing Itol é inserida nesse contexto. Paralelamente, o grande desenvolvimento da tecnologia de informação aparece como uma variável ímpar nesse cenário, agravando a concorrência no mercado e, simultaneamente, viabilizando a filosofia do marketing Itol. Desse modo, surge o CRM (Customer Relationship Management) como estratégia de negócio. Este trabalho, baseado na pesquisa bibliográfica e no estudo de caso exploratório, propõe um conjunto de soluções de CRM para uma empresa do setor sucroalcooleiro. Ao longo desse estudo, procurou-se analisar os principais conceitos, ferramentas, condições propícias e obstáculos inseridos nesse assunto e, sobretudo, identificá-los e contextualizá-los na realidade empresarial pesquisada. Sendo assim, após esse estudo de caso, conclui-se que a concepção do CRM precisa ser uma necessidade organizacional e coerente com o respectivo contexto. Entretanto, percebe-se a pertinência das principais condições propícias e dificuldades para a implantação do CRM, que foram observadas e discutidas no decorrer da revisão bibliográfica. Finalmente, ressaltam-se a individualidade organizacional e a peculiaridade do respectivo mercado de atuação. Portanto, pode-se afirmara necessidade de personalizar cada estratégia de CRM. / In recent years, the organizations have being faced a very competitive marketplace and they must seek for a competitive advantage. According to the scenery, the focus on clients is pointed out as the solution to reach a sustainable competitive advantage. Consequently, the conception of the marketing one to one appears in this context. Moreover, the huge development of the information technology represents an important factor, which aggravates the competition in the marketplace and, at the same time, it enables the conception of the marketing one to one. In this case, the CRM (customer relationship management) surges as a business strategy. This dissertation, which is based on the bibliographic research and the case study, proposes a set of solutions of CRM for a company of the sugar alcohol industry. During this study, some aspects were analyzed such as main concepts, tools, good conditions and obstacles inside of this subject and, especially, defining them in the reality of this researched organization. To make a summary, after this study, it is possible to conclude that the conception of CRM should be a company necessity and coherent with its context. However, it is also possible to realize the relevance of the major suitable conditions and the difficulties to set up of the CRM, which were discussed in the bibliographic review. Finally, it must emphasize the organizational individuality and the peculiarity of the respective market. Therefore, it confirms the needof personalizing each strategy of CRM.

Researchers have shown that strategies focused on building long-term competitive advantage tend to be more profitable for businesses. Further, companies have traditionally put their focus on strategies and on marketing tangible attributes of products and services such as quality, price and so on to differentiate from the competitors (Mascarenhas et al, 2006). Nonetheless, researchers have studied that consumers do not put any more emphasis in those characteristics when purchasing product or services underlining the needs to put the consumer as central aspect of a firm’s strategy (Morrison & Crane, 2007). In addition, it has been found that focusing on customer experience and use of correct brand management techniques and marketing initiative nowadays drives the company to have a competitive advantage and long-term economic sustainability. All being said it is true both generically speaking and in the specific context of kitchen appliances. In fact, market research suggests that in the kitchen appliances industry companies have begun to compete along new dimensions, whereby putting the consumers and their experiences as a central aspect of the business has become increasingly important for actors who wish to stay and be competitive in the business. However, in the existing literature, there is not accordance on how to define customer experience and scholars identified that it depends on the context, which makes it difficult and confusing when marketing experts and firms want to identify the key aspects to improve the experience of their customers. On top, it has been found that brand identities are more or less relevant depending on the context, country culture and such, where the brand market its product and services. In according to what said, the purpose of this study is to explore and identify the most important dimensions and touchpoints in the specific kitchen appliances context that has more impact on the customer experience, with the aim to better define customer experience in the kitchen appliances context that could give indication to companies operating in the market how to address to some extent those problematics. The research adopted an exploratory qualitative study design. Interviews were used to gather primary empirical data that together with secondary empirical data and insight from the literature review had allowed the researchers to explore and address the research questions and state conclusions that however cannot be considered conclusive according to the nature of the study. In addition, the research reveals that consumer experience is a broad topic that accounts for and depends of many different aspects all interconnected one to another. In addition, it has been found that the aspects around brands, consumer experience and its touchpoints vary not only in relation to the context in study, but as well according to different stakeholders that deal with them. In addition, in the consumer journey, critical aspects reside in both tangible attributes of products and services and intangible attributes that together become critical and in the specific context shape how people think about the brand, and consequently their experiences. Finally, a possible definition of customer experience according to what found was given