No description available.

Diss. (sammanfattning)--Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

L’ordre viral des Mononegavirales contient de nombreux virus pathogènes tels que le virus de la rougeole, le virus de la rage, le virus des oreillons ou encore le virus Ebola. Ces virus mettent tous en place des mécanismes moléculaires similaires, notamment concernant la synthèse des ARN viraux. Le complexe polymérase, composé de la polymérase virale (L) et de la phosphoprotéine (P), possède un fonctionnement encore obscur et unique dans le monde du vivant, notamment car il utilise une matrice enchâssée dans une gaine protéique. La formation de ce complexe a été étudiée et la protéine chaperon HSP90 (« Heat Shock Protein of 90 kD ») s’est révélée nécessaire à la formation du complexe. L’inhibition de l’activité d’HSP90 entraine l’ubiquitination et la dégradation de la protéine L par le protéasome. Les protéines P et HSP90 sont toutes les deux nécessaires au repliement de la protéine L et à la formation d’un complexe P-L stable, soluble et fonctionnel. Les domaines de P impliqués dans la formation du complexe, ont également été cartographiés et révèlent des interactions complexes entre P et L, mêlant liaison, stabilisation, repliement et fonction. Enfin, une interaction entre P et la protéine virale C, connue pour inhiber la synthèse des ARN viraux, a été identifiée, cartographiée et ouvre des perspectives quant aux mécanismes moléculaires sous-jacents à son effet inhibiteur. / The Mononegavirales order contains several pathogens like measles, rabies, mumps and Ebola viruses. These viruses share numerous homologous molecular mechanisms and in particular they have a highly conserved RNA synthesis machinery that is unique in the living world. Indeed, the polymerase complex, composed of the polymerase (L) and the phosphoprotein (P), uses a template of RNA recovered by a sheath made of nucleoproteins. The formation of the complex was investigated and the chaperone protein HSP90 (Heat Shock Protein of 90 kD) was shown to be required for the formation of the complex. The inhibition of HSP90 activity induces the ubiquitinylation and the degradation of the L protein by the proteasome. Both P and HSP90 are required to form stable, soluble and functional polymerase complexes. The domains of P involved in the formation of the complex have been mapped and they show that the interplay between P and L is complex with at least three identified functions: binding, folding and function of the polymerase complex. Finally, an interaction between P and the viral C protein, known to inhibit the viral RNA synthesis, have been identified, mapped and allows new perspectives concerning the molecular mechanism underlying its inhibitory effect.

No description available.

Cardiovascular diseases, particularly acute myocardial infarction, are one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. It is well known that adaptation to chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) confers long-lasting cardiac protection against acute ischemia/reperfusion injury. Protein kinase C (PKC) appears to play a role in its cardioprotective mechanism since the administration of general PKC inhibitor completely abolished the improvement of ischemic tolerance in IHH hearts. However, the involvement of individual PKC isoforms remains unclear. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the potential involvement of PKCδ and PKCε, the most prevalent PKC isoforms in rat heart, in the mechanism of IHH-induced cardioprotection. We showed that IHH up- regulated PKCδ protein in left ventricle, enhanced its phosphorylation on Ser643 and increased its co-localization with markers of mitochondrial and sarcolemmal membranes. PKCδ subcellular redistribution induced by IHH as well as the infarct size-limiting effect of IHH was reversed by acute treatment with PKCδ inhibitor rottlerin. These data support the view that PKCδ plays a significant role in IHH-induced cardioprotection. On the other hand, adaptation to IHH decreased the PKCε total protein level without affecting its...

No / Streptococcus agalactiae is a major neonatal pathogen. Disease progression is characterised by bacterial adaptation from commensal maternal vaginal colonisation to environments associated with neonatal disease, including exposure to blood. To explore this adaptation in vitro, we have used proteomics to identify proteins differentially expressed following growth on Todd Hewitt agar in the presence or absence of 10% v/v human serum. Twelve differentially expressed proteins were identified. Notably, the C protein β antigen and arginine deiminase proteins were upregulated following growth in the presence of human serum, consistent with previous studies implicating these two proteins in the pathogenesis of S. agalactiae disease.

No / Streptococcus agalactiae is a major neonatal pathogen that is able to adapt to a variety of host environments, including both rectal and vaginal maternal carriage, growth in amniotic fluid and at various neonatal body sites. As such it is important to elucidate the patterns of protein expression that are associated with S. agalactiae growth under these different in vivo conditions. To this end, we have grown S. agalactiae strain A909 under in vitro conditions reflecting those associated with maternal vaginal carriage (low pH, low oxygen, nutrient stress) and those associated with exposure to body fluids during invasive disease (neutral pH, aeration, nutrient sufficient). The protein profiles of bacterial cells grown under each of these conditions were compared using a proteome approach. A total of 76 proteins were reproducibly identified 16 of which were shown to be differentially expressed. The putative virulence factor C protein β and several proteins linked to resistance to oxidative stress were found to be upregulated under the conditions hypothesised to reflect those associated with foetal exposure to S. agalactiae. Thus, these data add to the currently limited understanding of the molecular basis of S. agalactiae GBS adaptation to different environmental conditions.

Malgré le bénéfice observé par de nouvelles thérapeutiques, le devenir des patients hospitalisés pour une insuffisance cardiaque aigue (ICA) reste sombre. Ce pronostic péjoratif est en partie influencé par la survenue fréquente d’événements thrombotiques qui sont à parfois directement à l’origine du décès des patients. Les mécanismes physiopathologiques de cette hypercoagulabilité pourraient être considérés comme des cibles thérapeutiques d’intérêt. L’objectif de ce travail est de démontrer qu’une défaillance des systèmes biologiques contrôlant la thrombose est impliquée dans la physiopathologie de l’ICA. Notre travail met en évidence la présence d’une hypercoagulabilité de ces patients qui se caractérise par une génération de thrombine exagérée pendant la phase aigüe de la décompensation cardiaque et qui se normalise ensuite à distance. Cette élévation de la génération de thrombine est la conséquence d’une augmentation du nombre de microparticules procoagulantes circulantes et d’une altération de l'activité d’un système naturel anticoagulant représenté par la voie de la protéine C / Acute heart failure (AHF) is a syndrome with an increasing prevalence and a high mortality whose management is challenging given the incomplete understanding of its pathophysiology. This doomed prognosis is partly influenced by thromboembolic events and is often the cause of death. The present study demonstrates a significant shift towards a prothrombotic biological profile at the acute phase of decompensated heart failure. Using a comprehensive exploration of the dynamics of thrombin generation and inhibition, we found an increased overall thrombin-generating capacity in AHF patients during hospital course. Both increased in circulating procoagulant microparticles and impairment in the downregulation of thrombin generation by the anticoagulant C protein pathway represent mechanisms contributing to this hypercoagulable state in AHF

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2004. / Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 52 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 306 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.