Nach einem 10 bis 15 Jahre dauernden Lebenszyklus besteht die Notwendigkeit große IT-Systeme durch eine neue Generation zu ersetzen. Dabei ist es vom Aufwand her unwesentlich, ob es sich um einen Generationswechsel des gleichen Herstellers handelt oder um die vergleichbare Lösung eines anderen Herstellers. Im beschriebenen Fall hat sich die Daimler AG im November 2010 entschieden auf ein anderes CAD-System zu wechseln und die Migration bis Ende 2016 abzuschließen. Der Beitrag zeigt die Vorgehensweise der Umstellung unter fünf Aspekten: — Anwendungsmethodik inkl. Datenarchivierung — Datenmigration — Use-Case-Absicherung — Rolloutplanung — Schulungskonzept

I kursen Examensarbete i integrerad produktutveckling har ett projekt utförts av designingenjörsstudenterna Cecilia Frydén och Nadia Omri våren 2017 på Högskolan i Skövde. Projektet genomfördes i samarbete med konsultföretaget ÅF Industry AB i Skövde och några av deras externa tillverkare. I ÅF:s produkt-utvecklingsprocess ägnar konstruktörerna många timmar åt att framställa tillverkningsunderlag, 3D-modeller och detaljritningar. Tillverkningsunderlagen misstänks innehålla överflödig information som inte används av tillverkarna, vilket innebär att konstruktören ägnar tid åt arbetsmoment i onödan. Av den anledningen vill ÅF att det undersöks vilken information i tillverknings-underlaget som är överflödig och att alternativ på hur det utformas tas fram. Aktionsforskning är den övergripande metodiken som används. Projektet har varit fokuserat på att kartlägga arbetsflödet, identifiera mottagarna av tillverkningsunderlaget och deras behov samt definiera tekniska möjligheter för att generera lösningsförslag på alternativa arbetsmetoder. Lösningsförslagen har utvärderats med både konstruktörer och med mottagarna hos tillverkarna. Utifrån utvärderingarna har ett lösningsförslag valts som består av en 3D-modell med Model Based Definition (MBD) där Product Manufacturing Information (PMI) reducerats och förmedlas tillsammans med en 3D-PDF. / This project was made for the Bachelor Degree Project in Product Design Engineering course at the University of Skövde by Cecilia Frydén and Nadia Omri in cooperation with the engineering company ÅF during the spring of 2017. ÅF’s designers spends several hours creating 3D-models and detail drawings as manufacturing information for the manufacturing phase of the product development. Some of this time is suspected to be spent unnecessary since some of the information generated by the designers might not be used during the manufacturing process. The aim of the project is to generate a solution to increase the efficiency of the designer’s workflow while generating Product Manufacturing Information (PMI) without compromising the manufacturer’s understanding of the information. Research upon the product manufacturing information generation and handling was done in order to identify its main issues. Observation and interviews were done in order to identify its users and clarify the main purpose of the manufacturing information. The result provides reduced PMI in the 3D-model and uses a 3D-PDF to communicate the PMI to the manufacturers. This was decided from evaluations with the manufacturers and designers and is believed to improve the communication between them but also to make the designer’s workflow more efficient.

Aus der Einleitung: "Im Modell und Formenbau des Maschinenbaus beschreibt Reverse Engineering den Prozess der 3D-Erfassung eines Objektes, die Aufbereitung der Digitalisierungsdaten zu CAD-Modellen und die weitere Nutzung dieser Daten in einer CAD/CAM-Umgebung. Ziel dieser Arbeiten ist es dann weiterführend, physische Objekte durch CNC-Fräsen oder mittels Generativer Fertigungsverfahren herzustellen. Die Maßkontrolle der gefertigten Produkte gegenüber dem CAD ist ebenfalls eine Aufgabestellung des Reverse Engineering (Schöne 2009, Wang 2011)."

Objetivo: Avaliar o desajuste vertical (gap) e discrepância horizontal (dh) na interface implante/pilares de zircônia (Zr) confeccionados por três sistemas CAD/CAM (Neodent Digital, Zirkonzahn e AmannGirrbach) e na interface implante de titânio/pilar de ZrTi confeccionado pela Neodent Digital, antes e após ciclagem mecânica. Também foi avaliada a superfície do hexágono do implante antes e após ciclagem mecânica e o destorque do parafuso do pilar pós-ciclagem. Método: Os grupos de estudo constituídos por oito amostras foram: implante/pilar de Zr AmannGirrbach (PZrAG), implante/pilar de Zr Neodent (PZrN), implante/pilar de Zr Zirkonzahn (PZrZ) e implante/pilar de Zr com infra-estrutura em Ti Neodent (PZrTiN). Pilares padronizados foram confeccionados a partir de três pilares idênticos fresados em cera, fixados sobre análogos e enviados para os laboratórios participantes do estudo. A análise da superfície, do gap e da dh foram realizadas em três amostras de cada grupo e o destorque em oito. Inicialmente, imagens da superfície dos hexágonos dos implantes foram obtidas em Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (MEV). Em seguida, imagens das superfícies dos pilares foram obtidas com microscópio óptico 3D (MO 3D) e posteriormente, os pilares foram acoplados aos implantes com torque de 32,0N.cm. Subsequentemente, imagens das interfaces implante/pilar foram obtidas em MEV para posterior comparação com as imagens pós-ciclagem. Coroas de CrCo foram cimentadas nos pilares e os conjuntos (implante/pilar/coroa) submetidos à ciclagem com carga de 400N, frequência de 8,0 Hz, por um milhão de ciclos. Novas imagens da interface implante/pilar foram obtidas em MEV e realizadas as medições inicial e final do gap e a avaliação da dh. Em seguida, foi mensurado o destorque. Para a avaliação da superfície dos implantes, novas imagens foram obtidas em MEV e comparadas com a situação inicial. As alterações verificadas foram classificadas segundo os escores: ausência(0), leve(1), moderada(2), intensa(3). Resultados: Para o destorque(N.cm) nos grupos de Zr, o PZrZ apresentou o maior valor médio 23,12(2,7), seguido pelo PZrAG 19,57(4,3) e PZrN 19,43(1,9). O valor aferido para o grupo PZrTiN foi 21,0(2,5). Com relação às alterações de superfície, entre os grupos de Zr, a maior alteração foi observada no PZrZ 1,39(0,99) e a menor no PZrAG 0,64(0,62). O PZrTiN apresentou o seguinte valor: 0,53(0,56). Com relação ao gap, entre os grupos de Zr, o maior valor médio foi evidenciado no PZrAG 5,19(2,07)μm e o menor no PZrN 3,21(1,47)μm. O grupo PZrTiN 1,48(1,04)μm apresentou valor inferior ao grupo PZrN. Entre os pilares de Zr, o maior valor de dh foi observado no PZrAG 49,98(9,06)μm e o menor no PZrZ 31,53(32,33)μm. O PZrTiN não apresentou dh. Conclusões: Com relação ao destorque, não foi observada diferença significativa entre os grupos de zircônia, assim como entre os grupos da Neodent (Zr e ZrTi). Entre os pilares de Zr, as maiores alterações de superfície do hexágono foram observadas no grupo PZrZ e entre os pilares fresados pela Neodent (Zr e ZrTi) no PZrN. Foi observado que as alterações de superfície mantiveram relação com a forma do hexágono fresado no pilar. Quanto ao gap, entre os pilares de Zr, não foi observada diferença significativa entre os grupos; entre os pilares da Neodent (Zr e ZrTi), antes e pós ciclagem, diferença significativa foi observada entre os dois grupos, apenas antes da ciclagem; quando avaliado o gap de cada grupo antes e após a ciclagem mecânica, só o PZrZ mostrou diferença significativa. Os grupos PZrAG e PZrZ apresentaram maiores valores de gap pré-ciclagem quando considerados por face e na situação pós-ciclagem os pilares sofreram inclinação sobre o implante. Com relação à dh, quando considerados os grupos em Zr, o menor valor médio foi verificado no PZrZ e o PZrN apresentou maior regularidade entre os quatro lados observados. Todos os pilares de Zr apresentaram discrepância horizontal, alternando graus diferentes de sobre-contorno numa mesma amostra. / Purpose: To evaluate the vertical misfit (gap) and horizontal discrepancy (dh) in the zirconium (Zr) implant-abutment interface manufactured by three CAD/CAM systems (Neodent Digital, Zirkonzahn and AmannGirrbach) and the ZrTi implant-abutment manufactured by Neodent, before and after cyclic loading. The surface of the titanium (Ti) hexagon implant was also evaluated before and after cyclic loading as well as the torque loss of the abutment screw post loading. Method: The study groups made up of 8 samples were as follows: Zr AmannGirrbach (PZrAG) implant-abutment, Zr Neodent (PZrN) implant-abutment, Zr Zirkonzhan (PZrZ) implant-abutment and Zr implant-abutment with Ti Neodent (PZrTiN) infrastructure. Standard-made abutments were manufactured from three identical abutments milled in wax, fixed on analogs and sent to the participant laboratories. The analysis of the surface, the gap and the dh were performed on three samples from each group and the torque loss was performed on eight samples. Initially, images of the surface of the hexagon implant were obtained by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Then, images from the abutment surfaces were obtained from optical microscope 3D (MO 3D), followed by the tightening of the abutments to the implants with torque of 32.0N.cm. Subsequently, images of the implant-abutment interfaces were obtained from the SEM for comparison with the post loading images. CrCo crowns were cemented on the abutments and the combination (implant/abutment/crown) was submitted to cyclic loading with a load of 400N, frequency of 8.0Hz, for one million cycles. New images of the implant-abutment interface were obtained from the SEM, and initial and final gap measurements were done with evaluation of the dh. The torque loss was measured. For the evaluation of the surface of the implants, new images were obtained from the SEM and compared with the initial situation. The observed changes were classified according to the following categories: none (0), mild (1), moderate (2), intense (3). Results: In relation to the torque loss (N.cm) in the groups of Zr, the PZrZ showed the highest average of 23.12(2.7), followed by the PZrAG of 19.57(4.3) and the PZrN of 19.43(1.9). The measured value for the PZrTiN was 21.0(2.5). In regards to the surface alterations among the Zr groups, the highest change was observed in the PZrZ of 1.3 9(0.99) and the lowest change in the PZrAG of 0.64(0.62). The PZrTiN group presented the following value: 0.53(0.56). In regards to the gap among the Zr groups, the highest average value was evidenced in the PZrAG of 5.19(2.07)μm and the lowest in the PZrN of 3.21(1.47)μm. The PZrTiN group of 1.48(1.04)μm showed an inferior value compared to the PZrN group. Among the Zr abutments, the highest horizontal discrepancy value was observed in the PZrAG of 49.98(9.06) and the lowest value was observed in the PZrZ of 31.53(32.33)μm. The PZrTiN did not present dh. Conclusions: Regarding torque loss, significant differences were not observed among the zirconium groups, as well as among the Neodent groups (Zr and ZrTi). Among the Zr abutments, the largest hexagon surface alterations were observed in the PZrZ group and among the abutments milled by Neodent (Zr and ZrTi) in the PZrN. It was observed that surface changes showed that a relationship is maintained with the shape of the hexagon milled in the abutment. As to the gap among the Zr abutments, no significant difference was noted among the groups; between the Neodent abutments (Zr and ZrTi), before and after cyclic loading significant difference between the two groups was observed only before cyclic loading. When evaluated the gap of each group before and after cyclic loading, only the PZrZ showed significant difference. The groups PZrAG, and the PZrZ showed the highest pre-cycling gap when considered by face-value and in the post loading situation, the abutments suffered inclinations over the implant. As to dh when considering the Zr groups, the lowest average value was found in the PZrZ, and the PZrN showed highest regularity among the four sides observed. All Zr abutments showed horizontal discrepancy alternating different levels of over-contour in the same sample.

The master’s thesis submitted deals with realtime rendering of three-dimensional CAD data using Vulkan API. The thesis also covers possibilities of connecting the API with VRUT, complex solution for renderig developed by ŠKODA AUTO a.s. Design of such connection is presented in form of Vulkan rendering plugin for VRUT application. Performance of the designed module is compared with another rendering module, based on different rendering technologies.

This thesis deals with the design and production of wheel control holders for the right front wheel of the formula Dragon 4 of TU Brno Racing team. In the theoretical part, the Formula Student competition is described, including the steering holders themselves and description of their function and location. Later the analysis of aluminium and its alloy was made, including description of the CERTAL material of which the holders were made. The practical part includes the design of prototype holders in the Autodesk Inventor CAD software, the design and application of machining strategies in the PowerMILL CAM software. Further, the practical part includes production on milling machines at the MCV 754 QUICK and DECKEL MAHO DMU 50 machining centre. At the end, the dimensional analysis of the part is performed, manufactured holders were compared to the CAD model of the given components and the technical and economical evaluation of the production was made.

This work is focused on the problematics of small CO2 lasers and their possible use for commercial production. The first part describes devices available on the market and evaluation of their parameters. The practical part specifies the parameters that arise from the potential use of technology. Based on these parameters, design of the machine and its complete mechanical design are elaborated. Furthermore, the experimental part deals with the design of structural components, control system, electrical systems and in general a complex technical-technological solution of the equipment, including economic evaluation of the design. Part of the work is also the construction of the machine itself, including activation, adjustment and debugging for the considered production. The constructed machine was subject to testing to ensure required quality of production.

<p>The recent development of Virtual Reality technology, researchers are looking more into changing the way Virtual Reality is used in our daily lives in order to increase our productivity. One such application is the mapping of 3D spatial graphics in Computer Aided Design engineering where practitioners have been historically working on 3D models in a two dimensional environment. Researchers in Computer Graphics have proposed Virtual Reality as a more effective medium for CAD packages. This thesis carries out a user study to test whether or not 3D VR environments are more effective in relaying information to the users as compared to two dimensional displays such as computer screens by conducting a study to determine how users navigate and interact with complex CAD objects in the two different environments. The two environments make use of stereoscopic vision and monoscopic vision in order to compare the efficiency with which volunteers are able to notice subtle differences in objects. The motivation for this study stems from the fact that CAD in VR is largely an underdeveloped topic and the result of such a study could form a baseline and advocate for further research and development in this domain. The research question being addressed is “Does CAD in a three-dimensional Virtual Reality Environment(stereoscopic) allow for better understanding of shapes of complex assemblies as compared to CAD on two-dimensional (monoscopic) computer screens?” The findings of this study suggest that rather than just the display technique the kind of movements which objects undergo also contributes to the way users perceive the objects in 3D vs 2D spaces and uncover a set of directions which would be recommended for similar studies in the future.</p><div><br></div>

This document serves as a reference for the beta version of our evaluation library ITL. First, it describes a library which gives an easy way for programmers to evaluate the 3D image and the normal vector corresponding to a parameter value which belongs to the unit square. The API functions which are described in this document let programmers make those evaluations without the need to understand the underlying CAD complica- tions. As a consequence, programmers can concentrate on their own scien- tific interests. Our second objective is to describe the input which is a set of parametric four-sided surfaces that have the structure required by some integral equation solvers.

Dieser Beitrag stellt ein neues, hybrides Modell für die Entwicklung mechanischer und mechatronischer Systeme vor. Ziel ist es, die derzeitig bestehende Lücke zwischen abstrakten Funktionsmodellen und sehr konkreten, geometrieorientierten 3D-CAD-Modellen zu überbrücken. Das hier vorgestellte SkiPo-Modell beschreibt die Interaktionen zwischen den Komponenten eines Systems basierend auf den zugehörigen Material-, Energie- und Signalflüssen. Ergänzt wird diese abstrakte Darstellung mit Skizzen, die wichtige Konstruktionsentscheidungen in einer strukturierten, semistandardisierten Weise dokumentieren. Das Ziel dieser hybriden Modellierung ist es, die unvermeidbaren Iterationen zwischen abstrakten und sehr detaillierten Betrachtungen von mechanischen und mechatronischen Systemen in der frühen Phase der Produktentstehung zu unterstützen. In Erprobungen mit Studentengruppen zeigte sich, dass dieser Modellierungsansatz das Verständnis und die Kommunikation im Team fördern kann.