The objective of the thesis is to determine the economic rent amount for a family house located in Brno. The concept “economic rent” refers to the amount of payment that brings adequate profit to the landlord. First, all the factors are identified that compose cost rent, i.e. the rent of mere providing and maintaining a property. The main variable is represented by the reproduction value of a dwelling. For the purposes of this thesis, the reproduction value is determined using the cost method (in agreement with the evaluation regulation). Second, the capitalization rate is determined so that an adequate profit could be calculated. The following two methods are employed: the surcharge method and the method of comparison with the financial market. The thesis presents seven alternatives of an economic rent, depending on the interest rates. Lastly, the calculation of the rate of return is performed, along with a correctness test of the calculation of the economic rent amount.

Le Big Data, phénomène sociotechnique porteur de mythes, se traduit dans les entreprises par la mise en place de premiers projets, plus particulièrement des projets de Data Science. Cependant, ils ne semblent pas générer la valeur espérée. La recherche-action menée au cours de 3 ans sur le terrain, à travers une étude qualitative approfondie de cas multiples, pointe des facteurs clés qui limitent cette génération de valeur, et notamment des modèles de processus projet trop autocentrés. Le résultat est (1) un modèle ajusté de dispositif projet data (Brizo_DS), ouvert et orienté sur les usages, dont la capitalisation de connaissances, destiné à réduire les incertitudes propres à ces projets exploratoires, et transposable à l’échelle d’une gestion de portefeuille de projets data en entreprise. Il est complété par (2) un outil de documentation de la qualité des données traitées, le Databook, et par (3) un dispositif de Médiation Homme-Données, qui garantissent l’alignement des acteurs vers un résultat optimal. / Big Data, a sociotechnical phenomenon carrying myths, is reflected in companies by the implementation of first projects, especially Data Science projects. However, they do not seem to generate the expected value. The action-research carried out over the course of 3 years in the field, through an in-depth qualitative study of multiple cases, points to key factors that limit this generation of value, including overly self-contained project process models. The result is (1) an open data project model (Brizo_DS), orientated on the usage, including knowledge capitalization, intended to reduce the uncertainties inherent in these exploratory projects, and transferable to the scale of portfolio management of corporate data projects. It is completed with (2) a tool for documenting the quality of the processed data, the Databook, and (3) a Human-Data Mediation device, which guarantee the alignment of the actors towards an optimal result.

The aim of this thesis "Theology of Labour of St. John Paul II." is to summarize John Paul II.'s theological view of human labour, its impact on Christian spirituality and evangelization and pastoral efforts of the church. There is also attention paid to influence of his theology on further social magisterial texts. At the end, there is a reflection of impacts of this teaching to everyday economic and political life. The thesis is based on magisterial documents of John Paul II., especially on the encyclical Laborem exercens and his two further social encyclicals, Sollicitudo rei socialis and Centisimus annus. Other inspiring ideas come especially from reflections on St. Joseph and from the theology of body. There is a discussion on relation of human labour to the Mystery of The Holy Trinity, on perichoretical and sharing character of human labour. As a part of discussion on spirituality, there is the work state of life defined as analogy to Christian state of life. Human labour is a key to the social question, it is a tool for our salvation and therefore the mission of the church. Keywords St. John Paul II., Theology of Labour, Human Labour, Spirituality of Labour, Ethics of Labour, Wage Labour, Labour Capitalization, Labour Rights, Dignity of Human Labour, Sharing Economy

Cette thèse analyse le processus par lequel les entreprises d’insertion tentent de neutraliser la situation d’exclusion des populations marginalisées. Il s’agit des individus souvent sans emploi, sans revenu et sans protection sociale qui se battent pour exister socialement. Ils sont diversement nommés et appréhendés par la théorie sociologique, soit en termes « d’inutiles au monde » ou de « désaffiliés », soit en termes de « personnes disqualifiées », de « rebuts humains » ou de « vaincus dans la lutte pour le capital symbolique », pour l’importance sociale. En accordant leur intérêt exclusivement à ces exclus et en transformant le revenu d’assistance sociale en salaire de travail, les entreprises d’insertion jouent, depuis les années 1980, un rôle crucial dans leur lutte pour l’existence sociale et les placent dans la lisière du travailleur et de l’assisté social pour les transformer et les insérer dans le marché du travail. Nous saisissons l’encastrement social et l’émergence de ces entreprises comme un vecteur d’inclusion sociale en lien avec la dépossession sociale qui s’opère par la montée du travail atypique, l’obligation d’activation sociale et le recul de la protection sociale pour comprendre ce qui se joue réellement dans ces organismes. À savoir, en quoi et comment leurs interventions permettent-elles de réhabiliter et de réinsérer les vaincus postfordistes dans le marché du travail ? Quelle est leur mission véritable ? S’agit-il d’une mission d’adaptation des travailleurs aux besoins du marché du travail, d’activation des prestataires potentiels de l’assistance sociale, de requalification des exclus ou de lutte contre l’exclusion et la pauvreté ? Nous inscrivant dans la continuité de Pierre Bourdieu pour qui « le monde social, armé de ce savoir, peut défaire ce que le monde social a fait », cette thèse interroge la mission de ces entreprises en rapport avec le mandat reçu d’Emploi-Québec dans la perspective de la théorie des champs de l’auteur. Laquelle perspective définit l’exclusion et l’insertion sociales comme la position occupée dans l’espace social, résultant du rapport des espèces de capital possédé à ses habitus, les dispositions sociales héritées de sa trajectoire sociale. Ce faisant, l’exclusion sociale reste et demeure un processus de dépossession sociale, c’est-à-dire de décapitalisation, la carence de ressources et pouvoirs nécessaires et indispensables à l’occupation et au maintien d’une position sociale donnée dans un champ. Dès lors, renverser l’exclusion sociale est bien possible et correspond à la mise en œuvre d’un processus de repossession sociale, c’est-à-dire de capitalisation ou de recapitalisation, entendue comme la dotation des exclus en ressources et pouvoirs nécessaires pour payer leurs droits d’entrée dans le champ, s’y investir et jouer le jeu. Nous considérons cet objet d’analyse en mettant en œuvre un double dispositif méthodologique. D’une part, nous avons donné la parole à des dirigeants et intervenants d’entreprises d’insertion qui ont accepté volontiers de nous parler de leurs récits de pratique, c’est-à-dire de ce qu’ils ont fait et font ordinairement avec les bénéficiaires. Ce qui permet de retracer les formes d’interventions pour comprendre ce qui se fait et se défait dans les entreprises afin de doter les bénéficiaires en capitaux nécessaires à leur insertion dans le marché du travail. D’autre part, nous avons donné la parole à des participants afin de comprendre les faits structurants de trois moments de leurs trajectoires sociale et professionnelle, les moments ante-parcours, in-parcours et post-parcours d’insertion. À partir d’un matériau de 69 entretiens en profondeur (36 avec des membres dirigeants et intervenants et 33 avec des participants et participantes), nous analysons la formation des travailleurs et travailleuses précaires et polyvalents, dotés d’un méta-capital. C’est le capital spécifique de ce sous-champ d’insertion, la production des habitus professionnels, devant fonctionner comme un capital à caractère général et universalisant, appelé « les compétences transférables ». Les portraits-types de bénéficiaires permettent ainsi de révéler en quoi le parcours d’insertion est propice pour l’évolution de leur trajectoire. / Abstract This thesis analyzes the process by which integration enterprises try to neutralize the exclusion of marginalized populations. These are individuals who are often unemployed, without income and without social protection who struggle to exist socially. They are variously named and understood by sociological theory, either in terms of "useless in the world" or "disaffiliated", or in terms of "disqualified persons", "human rejects" or "vanquished in the struggle for the world". By giving their interest exclusively to those excluded and by transforming the income from social assistance into working wages, integration enterprises have, since the 1980s, played a crucial role in their struggle for social existence and placed them on the fringes of society. We understand the social embeddedness and the emergence of these companies as a vector of social inclusion in connection with social dispossession which takes place through the rise of atypical work, the obligation of social activation and the decline in social protection to understand what is really going on in these organizations. Namely, how do their interventions make it possible to rehabilitate and reintegrate the defeated post-Fordists into the labor market? What is their real mission? Is it a mission of adapting workers to the needs of the labor market, activating potential social assistance providers, re-qualification of the excluded or the fight against exclusion and poverty? In line with Pierre Bourdieu for whom “the social world, armed with this knowledge, can undo what the social world has done”, this thesis questions the mission of these companies in relation to the mandate received from Emploi-Québec from the perspective of the author's field theory. This perspective defines social exclusion and inclusion as the position occupied in social space, resulting from the relationship of the capital possessed to its habits, the social arrangements inherited from its social trajectory. In doing so, social exclusion remains a process of social dispossession, that is to say of decapitalization, the lack of resources and powers necessary and essential to the occupation and maintenance of a given social position in a field. Therefore, reversing social exclusion is quite possible and corresponds to the implementation of a process of social repossession, that is to say of capitalization or recapitalization, understood as the endowment of the excluded with the necessary resources and powers to pay their entry fees to the field, invest in it and play the game. We demonstrate here this object of analysis by implementing a double methodological device. On the one hand, we gave the floor to managers and workers in integration enterprises who willingly agree to talk about their practices. This makes it possible to trace the forms of intervention in order to understand what is done and what is undone in companies in order to provide the beneficiaries with the capital necessary for their integration into the labor market. On the other hand, we gave the floor to participants to understand the structuring facts of three moments in their social and professional trajectories, the pre-journey, in-journey and post-integration moments. Using material from 69 in-depth interviews (36 with executive members and speakers and 33 with participants), we analyze the fabric of precarious and versatile workers, endowed with a meta-capital. It is the specific capital of this insertion sub-field, the production of professional habits, to function as a general and universalizing capital, called "transferable skills". The typical portraits of beneficiaries thus make it possible to reveal the opportunity of the integration process for the development of their trajectories.

Anecdotal data affirms that companies applying Lean Six Sigma in their operations not only deliver higher quality products and services, but also obtain superior financial results. The goal of this research was to empirically verify anecdotal data. The study proposed to analyze a group of publicly traded manufacturing companies with the intent of verifying if a correlation exists between companies being lean and the attainment of superior returns on investments. The researcher performed a series of statistical tests comparing key Financial Performance Indicators (FPI) extracted from annual reports (10-K) from a large pool of companies. The outcome of this study showed that superior financial rewards result from a systematic application of lean and quality tools. At the conclusion of this thesis we verified that companies having a business model that stimulates a high level of communication between them and their markets - because they are lean - obtained substantially higher financial advantages when compared to companies that still followed a more traditional mode of production. The results also revealed that lean companies obtained on average Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) 10% higher than mass producers. Therefore, companies wanting to strategically invest their capital should consider Lean Six Sigma as a source of competitive advantage. Another strategic insight derived from this study was the recognition of signs of a smart business. Potential investors should look for the presence of lean and quality improvement programs as one sign that capital is being wisely invested to generate value. Another sign is how well historically ROIC have performed against Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). The research revealed that, on average, lean companies had ROIC of 16%. Assuming that the hurdle rate (WACC) for most companies is near 10%, having ROIC of 16% is an incentive to become lean, thus allowing such companies to create value for their shareholders. Finally, we learned that many factors affect ROIC, namely, brand equity, market positioning, patents, core competency, innovation, leadership, etc. However, the presence of a Lean Six Sigma program in a manufacturing business was a strong positive factor impacting ROIC.

Education is one of the most important public goods that society can provide, and researchers have since long agreed that schools' performances are capitalized into residential property prices. However, all previous research is based on residential markets where school districts prevail. This study aims to investigate how the capitalization of residential properties are affected when pupils have free choice and how proximity to schools affect this relationship. The study covers the years 2011 to 2018 and is based in Västerås municipality, Sweden. Through a hedonic pricing model with a semi-logarithmic form, that includes both fixed effects through postal codes and yearly fixed effects, we can show that school quality is capitalized into residential property prices. The quality of schools is estimated through four types of school characteristics; pass rates in national tests, pupil-to-teacher ratio, pupil ethnicity and parental educational background which are combined into a single variable using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Using geo-coordinates, school characteristics are assigned to properties in two different scenarios. In the first, only school characteristics of the closest school are assigned to properties. In the second, properties are assigned the average characteristics of all schools within a radius of 875 meters from the home i.e., walking distance for pupils in third grade. Our results show that quality of education is capitalized in property prices even if pupils are not limited by school districts. We find that if school quality is improved by one unit, the price of local apartments and houses increases by 2.13-3.06% and 2.07-2.19%, respectively. The results also indicate that capitalization is affected by how many schools are within walking distance. Residentials in close proximity of several schools have more options and thus experiences a stronger capitalization effect than properties close to only one school. / Utbildning är en av de viktigaste funktionerna som samhället kan tillhandahålla, och forskningen har sedan länge varit överens om att skolors prestationer kapitaliseras i bostadspriser. All tidigare forskning är dock baserad på bostadsmarknader strukturerade efter skoldistrikt. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur kapitaliseringen av bostäder påverkas av ett fritt skolval samt hur avstånd till skolor påverkar detta förhållande. Studien omfattar åren 2011 till 2018 och är baserad i Västerås kommun, Sverige. Genom en hedonisk prissmodell med semilogaritmisk form, som inkluderar både fixed effects genom postnummer och årliga fixed effects, kan vi visa att utbildningskvalité kapitaliseras i bostadspriserna. Utbildningskvalité uppskattas genom värdet av fyra typer av skolvariabler; andelen godkända elever i nationella prov, elever per lärare, elevens etnicitet och föräldrarnas utbildningsbakgrund som kombineras till en enskild variabel genom Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Med hjälp av geokoordinater tilldelas bostäderna skolors unika värden i två olika scenarier. I det första tilldelas bostäderna endast värdet för den närmsta skolan. I den andra tilldelas bostäderna ett genomsnittligt värde av alla skolor inom en radie av 875 meter från bostaden, dvs. gångavstånd för elever i tredje klass. Våra resultat visar att utbildningens kvalitet kapitaliseras i bostadspriserna även om eleverna inte begränsas av skoldistrikt. Vi finner att om utbildningskvalitén förbättras med en enhet så ökar priset på lägenheter och hus i området med 2.13-3.06% respektive 2.07-2.19%. Resultaten tyder också på att kapitaliseringen påverkas av hur många skolor som ligger inom gångavstånd. Bostäder i närheten av flera skolor har fler valmöjligheter och får därmed en starkare kapitaliseringseffekt än bostäder nära endast en skola.

Magistro darbo objektas - Lietuvos Respublikos norminiuose mokesčių teisės aktuose įtvirtintos prieš mokesčių vengimą nukreiptos normos: jų doktrininis aiškinimas bei analizė, jų taikymas mokestinius ginčus nagrinėjančių institucijų praktikoje. Pagrindinis dėmesys skiriamas turinio viršenybės prieš formą principui, kaip bendrajai prieš mokesčių vengimą nukreiptai normai ir specialiosioms antivengiminėms priemonėms – pajamų arba išmokų apibūdinimo iš naujo (plonos kapitalizacijos – angl. thin capitalization) taisyklėms, kontroliuojamųjų užsienio vienetų apmokestinimo taisyklėms, sandorių kainodaros (angl. transfer pricing) taisyklėms, ūkinių operacijų, atliekamų su tikslinėse teritorijose registruotais asmenimis, apmokestinimas. Darbo tikslai - išanalizuoti antivengiminių priemonių teisinį reglamentavimą bei atskleisti jo praktinio taikymo problemas. Darbo uždaviniai: atskleisti turinio viršenybės prieš formą principo įtvirtinimo įstatyme istorinę raidą; išanalizuoti jį įtvirtinančias teisės normas, atskleisti mokesčių vengimo kaip teisės pažeidimo sudėties analizę, o taip pat pateikti turinio viršenybės prieš formą principo taikymo tvarką mokesčių administratoriui apskaičiuojant mokėtinus mokesčius; išnagrinėti Lietuvos Respublikos mokesčių teisės aktuose įtvirtintas specialiąsias antivengimines normas, identifikuoti jas, suformuluoti ir išanalizuoti atskirų priemonių, nukreiptų prieš mokesčių vengimą, sampratą, pasitelkiant teisinį reglamentavimą, atskleisti jų turinį... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of the master thesis – norms, which are embeded in Lithuanian Republic tax laws and which are against tax avoidance: their doctrinal explanation and analysis, their practical appliance in a light of institutions, which solve taxing disputes. Main consideration is paid to substance over form principle, which is a general anti-avoidance rule and to specific anti-avoidance rules – thin capitalization rules, controlled foreign corporations imposition rules, transfer pricing rules, transactions with organizations, which operate in tax-heavens, imposition. The two objectives of this dissertation are as follows: to analyse anti-avoidance measures embeded in tax laws and unfold their practical implication problems. In order to reach the goal, further tasks were set: to unfold substance over form principles historical embedment evolution in laws; to analyse law rules, which embed this principle, to unfold tax avoidance composition as violation of law analysis and also to present the order of substance over form principle application, when tax authority has to impose a tax; to study special anti-avoidance rules, which are infixed in Lithuanian Republic tax laws, identify these rules, formulate and analyse seperate definitions of measures pointed against tax avoidance, conception, by employing law rules, to unfold their substance; to estimate relationship between general and specific anti-avoidance rules; to analyse and structure practice of institutions, which solve taxing... [to full text]

The topic of this master thesis is to compare and analyze five database of companies in terms of suitability for the process of valuation . The main reason why these databases (Albertina, Amadeus , Magnus , Market Line and Capital IQ) are used is their accessibility within the field of study Finance and Business Valuation in University of Economics in Prague. The thesis is structured with respect to the valuation process recommended by professor Mařík (2011) . The first part contains data collection and focuses primarily on general data options for each database. The second part is a detailed financial analysis describing and comparing the ratios followed by databases options in the field of strategic analysis. The possibility of calculation of NOPAT and operationally necessary capital employed is presented after strategic analysis. The last two chapters deal with the database containing capital markets data and can provide the basics for calculation of interests rate and the actual valuation based on market analysis. The conclusion summarizes the main advantages of databases as appropriate for valuation.

This thesis survey on juxtaposition choice waies evaluation for real property type residence and non-residential space in locality Lesná, where there are built - up type sectional construction namely more - housing type J. Are here used most common manners evaluation for these print real property. On top enclosed is several formulation of several estate agency (juxtaposition offers with demand) in given to locality. Further also design documentation housing periods in type panel building.