Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:42:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo7400_1.pdf: 826306 bytes, checksum: bfd7bb062689d2f079fb315266e95e92 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Ser eficiente deixou de ser um jargão nas reuniões, ou encontros organizacionais, para tornar-se uma meta essencial, e com lugar de destaque no planejamento estratégico das empresas. Num modelo onde o cliente define o quanto está disposto a pagar por um determinado bem ou serviço, o lucro passou a ser uma resultante da minimização dos custos, e estes, a seu turno, são reduzidos à medida que os recursos são usados de forma eficiente. Neste sentido, a gestão voltada para medição da eficiência é a alavanca-mestra dos processos produtivos. Essa realidade também passou a ser vivenciada pela organização pública, cuja busca pela eficiência não está associada ao lucro, mas estritamente à otimização dos recursos. Isto posto, esta dissertação tem o objetivo de apresentar os resultados da avaliação da eficiência das Unidades Operacionais de uma Diretoria Regional da Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégrafos, que é uma empresa pública, a qual foi medida através do uso da metodologia de Análise de Envoltória de Dados (DEA). Essa metodologia determina a eficiência relativa de cada unidade em análise, comparando-a com as demais e considerando a relação entre insumos (inputs) e produtos (outputs). Os modelos DEA, utilizados nesta dissertação, consideraram retornos de escala, através da comparação de cada unidade com as que operam em escala semelhante. Foram considerados os dados relativos ao período de setembro/2004 a agosto/2005

No abstract available

Student Number : 0006936H - MSc research report - School of Electrical and Information Engineering - Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment / Code division duplexing (CDD) has steadily garnered attention in the telecommunication community. In this project report we propose a physical layer implementation of CDD that utilizes orthogonal Gold codes as the means of differentiating transmission directions, in order to implement an ad-hoc networking infrastructure that is overlaid on a standard mobile networking topology, and hence creating a hybrid networking topology. The performance of the CDD based system is then comparatively assessed in two ways: from the perspective of the physical layer using point-to-point simulations and from the perspective of the network layer using an iterative snapshot based simulation where node elements are able to setup connections based on predefined rules.

Orientador: Erivaldo Antonio da Silva / Banca: Hélio Ricardo Silva / Banca: Rubens Augusto Camargo Lamparelli / Resumo: Imagens CCD/CBERS 2 nas bandas B2, B3 e B4, dos anos de 2004 e 2005, de Mirante do Paranapanema, SP (Brasil), foram transformadas em reflectância de superfície usando o modelo 5S de correção atmosférica e normalizadas radiometricamente tendo como base o trabalho desenvolvido por Hall et al. (1991). O objetivo foi caracterizar espectralmente áreas de pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha (Hoschst ex A. Rich) Stapt, em fase de florescimento, isentas e infectadas com a doença "mela-das-sementes da braquiária", no sentido de possibilitar a sua detecção através da comparação entre os valores de FRBS - Fator de Reflectância Bidirecional de Superfície. Ao mesmo tempo, objetivou-se também, avaliar a eficácia das imagens CCD/CBERS-2 para a obtenção de respostas espectrais de pastagens. Os valores de reflectância de superfície foram comparados e analisados através da variação espectral existente entre as áreas sadias e doentes e os resultados indicaram que as principais diferenças foram a diminuição da reflectância na banda B3 e o aumento da reflectância na banda B4 nas áreas doentes. Diferenças significativas também foram constatadas pela comparação entre dados obtidos de imagens índices de vegetação NDVI e RVI. A metodologia empregada com o uso de imagens CCD/CBERS-2 mostrou-se eficaz para descriminar áreas infectadas com a doença. / Abstract: CCD/CBERS 2 images in the spectral bands B2, B3 and B4 of the years 2004 and 2005, from Mirante do Paranapanema, SP (Brazil), were transformed in surface reflectance images using the model 5S of atmospheric correction and radiometrically normalized tends as base the work developed by Hall et al. (1991). The objective was characterize spectrally areas of pastures of Brachiaria brizantha (Hoschst ex A. Rich) Stapt, in your flowering phase, exempt and infected with the disease "mela-das-sementes da braquiária", in the sense of making possible your detection through the comparison among the FRBS - Surface of Bidirectional Reflectance Factor values. At the same time, it was aimed at to evaluate the effectiveness of the CCD/CBERS-2 images for the obtaining of spectral response of pastures. The surface of reflectance values were compared and analyzed through the existent spectral variation between the healthy and diseased areas and the results they indicated that the main differences were the decrease of the reflectance in the band B3 and the increase of the reflectance in the band B4 in the diseased areas. Significant differences were also verified by the comparison among obtained of vegetation indexes NDVI and RVI data. The methodology used with the use of CCD/CBERS-2 images it was shown effective for discrimination the areas infected with the disease. / Mestre

Orientador: Walter Moreira / Resumo: A divisão referente à música (780) da CDD foi completamente revisada em sua 20ª edição, recebendo elogios e críticas por diversos bibliotecários; porém, profissionais da área de música como professores e estudantes apreciaram as modificações. Uma característica interessante dessa revisão foram as categorias elaboradas a partir das divisões para melhor compreensão de conceitos principais da área, sendo divididas em quatro principais: 780 para subdivisões padrão, 781 para princípios, 782 a 788 para mídias de performance e 789 para compositores individuais. Considerando as mudanças realizadas em música, enfatiza-se a importância da compreensão do conhecimento representado na divisão da CDD e a partir das modificações apresentadas, questionam-se quais conceitos se consolidaram na estrutura em música. O problema que se destaca e que orienta a presente pesquisa, portanto, é: quais as mudanças realizadas na divisão de música da CDD a partir da 20ª edição e quais os reflexos dessas alterações? Essa pesquisa define como objetivo geral: identificar as mudanças que a divisão de música (780) apresentou nas revisões da 19ª, 20ª e 23ª edição. E para tal, foram estabelecidos os seguintes objetivos: a. revisar conceitos considerados fundamentais para a realização do trabalho; b. investigar estudos que realizaram análise através da Ontogenia em sistemas de classificação para posteriormente aplicá-la como método nessa pesquisa; c. analisar as subdivisões padrão da divisão de música (780) nas e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The DDC's music division (780) was completely revised in its 20th edition, receiving praise and criticism from several librarians; however, music professionals such as teachers and students appreciated the changes. An interesting feature of this review was the categories elaborated from the divisions to better understand the main concepts of the area, being divided into four main ones: 780 for standard subdivisions, 781 for principles, 782 to 788 for performance media and 789 for individual composers. Considering the changes made in music, the importance of understanding the knowledge represented in the division of the DDC is emphasized and, based on the modifications presented, it is questioned which concepts were consolidated in the structure in music. The problem that stands out and which guides this research, therefore, is: what changes have been made in the DDC music division since the 20th edition and what are the consequences of these changes? This research defines as a general objective: to identify the changes that the music division (780) presented in the revisions of the 19th, 20th and 23rd edition. To this end, the following objectives were established: a. review concepts considered fundamental for carrying out the work; b. investigate studies that performed analysis through Ontogeny in classification systems to later apply it as a method in this research; c. analyze the standard subdivisions of the music division (780) in the 19th, 20th and 23rd editions of the D... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-02-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:27:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rosatti_jc_me_prud.pdf: 4413126 bytes, checksum: 5ac8f38c862833923e7eac17a3667cba (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Imagens CCD/CBERS 2 nas bandas B2, B3 e B4, dos anos de 2004 e 2005, de Mirante do Paranapanema, SP (Brasil), foram transformadas em reflectância de superfície usando o modelo 5S de correção atmosférica e normalizadas radiometricamente tendo como base o trabalho desenvolvido por Hall et al. (1991). O objetivo foi caracterizar espectralmente áreas de pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha (Hoschst ex A. Rich) Stapt, em fase de florescimento, isentas e infectadas com a doença mela-das-sementes da braquiária, no sentido de possibilitar a sua detecção através da comparação entre os valores de FRBS - Fator de Reflectância Bidirecional de Superfície. Ao mesmo tempo, objetivou-se também, avaliar a eficácia das imagens CCD/CBERS-2 para a obtenção de respostas espectrais de pastagens. Os valores de reflectância de superfície foram comparados e analisados através da variação espectral existente entre as áreas sadias e doentes e os resultados indicaram que as principais diferenças foram a diminuição da reflectância na banda B3 e o aumento da reflectância na banda B4 nas áreas doentes. Diferenças significativas também foram constatadas pela comparação entre dados obtidos de imagens índices de vegetação NDVI e RVI. A metodologia empregada com o uso de imagens CCD/CBERS-2 mostrou-se eficaz para descriminar áreas infectadas com a doença. / CCD/CBERS 2 images in the spectral bands B2, B3 and B4 of the years 2004 and 2005, from Mirante do Paranapanema, SP (Brazil), were transformed in surface reflectance images using the model 5S of atmospheric correction and radiometrically normalized tends as base the work developed by Hall et al. (1991). The objective was characterize spectrally areas of pastures of Brachiaria brizantha (Hoschst ex A. Rich) Stapt, in your flowering phase, exempt and infected with the disease mela-das-sementes da braquiária, in the sense of making possible your detection through the comparison among the FRBS - Surface of Bidirectional Reflectance Factor values. At the same time, it was aimed at to evaluate the effectiveness of the CCD/CBERS-2 images for the obtaining of spectral response of pastures. The surface of reflectance values were compared and analyzed through the existent spectral variation between the healthy and diseased areas and the results they indicated that the main differences were the decrease of the reflectance in the band B3 and the increase of the reflectance in the band B4 in the diseased areas. Significant differences were also verified by the comparison among obtained of vegetation indexes NDVI and RVI data. The methodology used with the use of CCD/CBERS-2 images it was shown effective for discrimination the areas infected with the disease.

Cette thèse s'interroge sur les déterminants du recours aux contrats de travail à durée déterminée (CDD) en France sur la période récente. L'explication la plus courante est celle selon laquelle les CDD répondent aux besoins d'ajustement de l'emploi aux variations de l'activité. Face à cette représentation relativement récente de la fonction des CDD, un premier apport de ce travail consiste en une mise en perspective historique sur deux siècles des rôles successivement joués par les CDD.<br />Afin d'explorer les pratiques de recours des entreprises sur la période récente et face au manque de données directement disponibles, nous avons construit une base de données inédite qui renseigne sur les stocks de CDD par entreprises. Une première exploration de cette base fait apparaître d'une part l'absence de caractère cyclique du recours aux CDD pour deux tiers des entreprises, d'autre part la réduction au fil du temps du rôle d'intégration à l'entreprise que peuvent jouer les CDD, à partir de l'examen des durées des contrats et des taux de conversion de CDD en CDI.<br />D'un point de vue théorique, nous confrontons la représentation dominante mentionnée ci-dessus et privilégiée par le courant néoclassique à d'autres conceptions qui font du recours aux CDD une dimension d'une stratégie de gestion de la main-d'œuvre peu soucieuse de la fidélisation des salariés.<br />Les tests économétriques aboutissent à la remise en cause de la thèse du besoin d'ajustement. La représentation du recours aux CDD comme dimension d'une stratégie structurelle de gestion de la main-d'œuvre recueille plus d'éléments favorables.

The identification of known asteroids on existing CCD pictures would allow us to obtain accurate astrometric and photometric asteroid properties. Some asteroids might have ambiguous orbital elements, thus their identification along with their exact positions on multiple picture frames could significantly improve their orbital elements. Furthermore, the possibility of identifying known asteroids on older pictures, sometimes preceding their discovery date, might allow the study of non-gravitational effects like the Yarkovsky effect. Identifying a potential Yarkovsky effect on asteroids is challenging because it is extremely weak. However, this effect cumulates with time, therefore, it is necessary to find astronomical pictures that are as old as possible. In addition, we need to collect high quality CCD pictures and use a methodology that would allow obtaining a statistically significant sample of asteroids. To accomplish this, we decided to use the online archive of the Subaru telescope at Mauna Kea Hawaii because it has a prime-focus camera with a very high resolution of 80 millions pixels very well suited to capture serendipitous asteroids. In addition, the Subaru online archive has pictures from the last 10 years. iv The methodology used in this thesis is to build a database that contains the orbital elements of all the known asteroids, allowing us to write a program that calculates the approximate position of all the asteroids at the date and time of each CCD picture we collect. To obtain a more precise position, the program also interfaces the JPL NASA Horizons on-line computation service. Every time an asteroid is found on a picture, Horizons sends its theoretical location back to the program. A later visual identification of this asteroid at this theoretical location on the picture triggers its input into our sample for further study. This method allowed us to visually confirm 508 distinct asteroids on 692 frames with an average diameter of 3.6 km. Finally, we use the theory (given in appendix A) to calculate the theoretical drift of these asteroids that we compare with the one we measured on the CCD pictures.

Building Integrated Photo Voltaics (BIPVs) are devices which are manufactured to replace building components exposed to sufficient sunlight to generate energy. Photo Voltaic Roof tiles are Building Integrated components which can be used instead of traditional roofing materials. The following thesis is focused on comparing traditional, cheaper asphalt roof tiles with Photo Voltaic (PV) roofing tiles in terms of energy cost savings during their respective Net Present Values. The method used for achieving this is computer simulation made possible by software named "Solar Advisory Model" (SAM), developed by National Renewable Energy Laboratories (NREL), to simulate energy output and resultant energy costs saved. The simulations have been run on a prototype example of a model of a dwelling unit's roof area. The simulations have been repeated for 35 cities all over the U.S.A. for 5 different climatic zones on the same prototype example of the dwelling unit. Similarly, the roof area being laid with an array of PV roof tiles has been estimated for coverage by traditional asphalt roof shingles by using data from the RS Means construction costs data. The estimated costs associated with the asphalt roof area have been adjusted to a different set of 35 locations from the 5 climatic zones by using the location factor from RS Means. A statistical analysis was done to analyze the data, net present value of roofing materials being the dependent variable versus climatic zones and roofing material as the independent variables. The statistical model also included CDD (Cooling Degree Days) and HDD (Heating Degree Days) as co-variates. The results indicate that NPV (Net Present Value) of BIPV roof is significantly different from that of asphalt roof. Another statistical analysis was done to determine the effect of climatic zones on energy savings due to the use of BIPV roofing. Energy savings (in US$) was used as a dependent variable, and climatic zone as the independent variable. HDD AND CDD were also included in this model as co-variates. The results of this test indicate that both climatic zone and HDD have an effect on total energy savings.

PN code tracking plays a very important role in CDMA communication systems. In literature, the influences of multipath fading and of multiuser interference on PN code tracking are studied separately. The multipath fading influence is mitigated by combining a rake receiver and a channel estimator in the Delay-Locked Loop (DLL). The multiuser interference is overcome by incorporating a data estimator into the DLL. In the downlink, PN code tracking may suffer from the multipath fading influence. However, the multipath fading and the multiuser interference influences exist in the uplink. Unfortunately, sole use of the aforementioned methods cannot solve out both influences simultaneously. In this thesis, two new Coherent Decision-Directed Delay-Locked Loop (CDD-DLL) PN-Code tracking schemes are developed and either can overcome both influences. First, a channel and a data estimators are incorporated into the DLL inherent with a rake receiver. This new scheme works properly in an environment with multipath fading and multiuser interference. Second, the original CDD-DLL is combined with a multipath interference canceller (MPI) to reduce both influences. Analytical results are derived for the two schemes proposed and are validated with numerical simulations. Simulation results show that the conventional DLLs working in a multipath fading and multiuser interference environment can be significantly improved using the new schemes. Moreover, the latter outperforms the former because the multipath interference is cancelled completely.