Compacted Graphite Iron offers mechanical properties in between of gray cast iron and ductile iron. Thus,the material is seen as a hopeful alternative for engine cylinder blocks and heads satisfying environmentaland performance objectives. Nevertheless, CGI is more difficult to machine than conventional gray castiron due to the presence of MnS and thin wall section of probing high strength. This problem of CGI thenled to the initiation of large Optima Sweden project to study machinability and optimization of related toCGI.The thesis is centered on a study of tool life, cutting force and MRR with regards to machining parametersmainly feed rate and cutting speed for CGI milling. Tool life is measured; flank-wear is observed andcompared between several combinations of cutting parameters.Similarly cutting forces were measured using LMS software for full factorial design experiments. Extensivemachining experiments were carried out. Machining tests was done based on Design of Experiment (DoE)for high cutting data and lower data are performed separately. Comparison is made for tool life and cuttingforces. After data collection, analysis of tool life and force has been followed. Once the data is analyzedand checked its consistency. An approximate model is developed using MODDE software. Further, multiobjective optimization of tool life and Material removal rate (MRR) using cutting parameters mainly feedrate and cutting speed are investigated. Working on optimal parameters will allow for CGI is to becompetitive in manufacturing with gray CI, aluminum alloy, magnesium.Keywords: Compacted Graphite Iron (CGI), face milling, tool life, MRR, optimization, cutting force

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights article 27 shows that copyright law has two functions. ‘everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. Everyone has right to protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.’[1]  These functions are supporting cultural aspects on society and give a prior right to holder of the copyright to secure and use the work. On the other hand, copyright secures the personality and property rights of the copyright holder. When talking about copyright as an international concept we can state that copyright is not an absolute right, it is limited by the common wellbeing of society, meaning that quoting and getting the information or ideas from other’s work is accepted. Ideas, principles, thoughts, or themes are not included in the scope of copyright protection.[2] Copyright can be created only by a human, but it can be transferred to a legal person like a company. Not that long-ago computer programs were not seen as tangible property and that is why the damages done to the programs were hard to prove as a criminal action.[3] Copyright protects the artistic work during the whole lifetime of author and 70 years after his death. It can be said that copyright and related rights are less protective than industrial registered intellectual property, on contrary, copyright is not limiting the protection to the level of success or requirements, while for example, patent law is very restrictive about the quality of product.[4] Copyright law is a territorial limited law, led by international regulations like the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (hereafter Berne Convention)[5] and European Copyright Directive (hereafter DSM Directive).[6] Photoshop and image manipulation are present in everyday life, this kind of services can be offered even to children for their school portals. Use of computer-generated pictures and films is increasing in campaigns, news and movies. This kind of image technology can be used for making simulations of law cases or “waking up” movie stars from death. The scale of use is endless. The artificial intelligence (hereafter AI) technology behind computer-generated imageries is called deep learning. Deep learning is an advanced type of machine learning and it is used at, for example, computer programs, self-driving cars, and targeted online advertising.[7] The artificial intelligence software makes generating easy and possible for larger user groups and develops images, which brings more legal problems as well. Computer-generated imageries (hereafter CGI) are used for the entertainment industry for different targets and upgrade the film for a new level. In the same time, it can be used for an act of revenge, when the content is defamation the person at the picture, or it can be used for fake news. These kinds of computer-generated imageries are called deep fakes. Sometimes the imageries done by AI or other software are so real that it is almost impossible to recognize the difference with the bare eye, the content of the deep fake can lead the viewer to wrong. The problem of deep fakes has been identified by the governments as well as by the large corporations, for example, Facebook. Facebook, which is one the world’s biggest social media network, has decided to delete and ban deep fakes on its pages according to Monica Bickert vice-president of Facebook. The ban does not apply the parody or satire content, which is one argument that copyright holders are relying on deep fakes.[8] The aim of the thesis is to recognise all aspects of copyright law implications; including the rights of the owner of original work, rights of the owner of new work, rights of the persons that are at the copyright-protected work and rights of the trademark owner if the trademark is used on imagery. [1] The Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 December 1948 [2] Article 2 of Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. September 9, 1886 regulates the scope of the works which are enjoying copyright protection. Guidelines to Berne Convention paragraph 2.2 and 2.3 state that the content itself is not important for copyright protection but the form of the work. Therefore, for example, idea is excluded from the scope of copyright protection. WIPO. Guide to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. 1978. Retrieved April 25, 2020, from https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/copyright/615/wipo_pub_615.pdf [3] Cox v Riley (1986) 83 Cr App R 54. The employee erased several programs from the magnetic cards and was charged with criminal damage. Employee argued that he was not guilty because the computer programs were not tangible property. Court held that even though the computer programs were not tangible property the damages done to the cards were enough to be charged in a criminal sentence. [4] Pila, J. Torremans, P. European Intellectual Property Law. 2nd edition. 2019. Oxford. [5] Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. September 9, 1886. The latest text of Berne Convention (from 1971 Paris Act plus Appendix) will be used at thesis. [6] Directive (EU) 2019/790 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market and amending Directive 96/9/EC and 2001/29/EC [7] Rouse, M. Definition ‘deep learning’. TechTarget. 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020, from  https://searchenterpriseai.techtarget.com/definition/deep-learning-deep-neural-network [8] Bickert, M. Enforcing Against Manipulated Media. 2020. Retrieved May 9, 2020, from   https://about.fb.com/news/2020/01/enforcing-against-manipulated-media/

Colonial legacies continue to impact representational practices in contemporary society. Social media platforms have provided a patriarchal marketplace in which female bodies become commodifiable products as ‘influencers’ and processes of racialisation and Othering are reproduced. A novel feature is the emergence of computer-generated imagery depicting feminized and racialised figures, or avatars, created by US and UK companies for profit. The objective of this thesis is to examine the problematics of the avatars in their construction, discursive practices and potential social and political impact by examining a range of material spanning from articles to social media images. To this end, a critical discourse analysis is conducted with a theoretical framework comprising feminist postcolonial theory and intersectionality. Building on feminist works on colonial legacy, conceptions of the Other, and Donna Haraway’s cyborg idea, measures of objectification and exotification are investigated. Exemplified by two leading avatars, the thesis explores their potential implications for power dynamics in society. The analysis found that while claiming to enhance representation and diversity the avatars effectively work against these goals. Considering histories of colonialism and the avatars’ profitability for patriarchal and capitalist agendas, they overtly and subtly reinforce systemic inequalities and materialise processes of Othering and racialisation embedded in social discourse. Expanding on existing disparities the avatars produce a novel marketable feature for corporations through social media that influences and shapes social perceptions spanning from fashionable ideals to, ultimately, political beliefs.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of teachers attending Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI) professional development on students' problem solving strategies and the effect of students' use of strategies on their mathematics achievement as measured by a standardized test. First, the study analyzed the differences in students' use of strategies between treatment and control groups. The treatment was CGI professional development, and the teachers in the treatment group attended CGI workshops whereas the teachers in the control group did not. Next, the study analyzed the differences in the mathematics achievement of students between different strategy groups. A student posttest, which was ITBS (Math Problems and Math Computation), was used to compare students' mathematics achievement. A student pretest was used as a covariate. The results of this study showed that there were statistically significant differences in the students' use of strategies between the treatment and control groups at the second grade level. A greater percentage of treatment students used derived facts / recall strategies (the most advanced strategy for single-digit addition and subtraction) than control students did. The results related to the effect of students' use of strategies on their mathematics achievement showed that the students who used derived facst/recall strategies for single-digit problems had significantly higher mathematics achievement than students who used counting or concrete modeling strategies. Furthermore, the students who used invented algorithms for multi-digit problems had significantly higher mathematics achievement than the students who used standard algorithms.

Internet är idag en enorm samling av information och möjligheter, där webbservrar bland annat finns placerade för att tillgängliggöra olika webbtjänster. Inom detta arbete har vi i samband med det internationella IT-företaget CGI utfört en analys på säkerhetsaspekter kring webbtjänsten Digital Portal (en självbetjäningsportal) som CGI byggde för att erbjuda tjänster till sina kunder. Denna analys fokuserar framför allt på den DMZ som portalen utnyttjar, vilket innebär säkerhetskrav, brister och risker hos uppställningen och till sist olika bekämpningsmetoder och åtgärder för dessa brister och risker. Vi utforskade frågor angående hur kraven uppfylls, vilka brister och åtgärder som finns i uppställningen. Eftersom CGI:s DMZ huvudsakligen bygger på IPv4 har vi i denna rapport även analyserat styrkor och svagheter för rent IPv6-baserade DMZ-uppställningar.  Inom detta arbete har vi studerat litteratur som behandlar säkerheten hos DMZ. Vi har analyserat de krav CGI ställer på sin egen DMZ för en självbetjäningsportal, där vi med det som referens utforskat risker och brister hos DMZ-uppställningar. Med hjälp av intervjuer av personal hos CGI har vi även fått direkt tillgång till tankar och detaljer som inte visar sig i dokumentationen, där vi kan få ett direkt intryck till motivationen vid utvecklingen av denna DMZ. Med denna metod har vi kunnat visa att alla de utforskade kraven uppfylls. Utöver detta har vi identifierat potentiella risker angående fildelning där endast filändelsen granskas vid färd till DMZ, samt filskanning som endast sker vid anländande till server. Vi har även kommit fram till att SSO kan ha bristfälligt skydd mot phishing- och DoS-attacker.

The Swedish truck industry is forced to find new material solutions to achieve lighter engines with increased strength. Customers and new environmental regulations demand both higher specific power and more environmentally friendly trucks, and this places a rising pressure on the manufactures. This demand could be met by increasing the peak pressure in the cylinders. Consequently, a more efficient combustion is obtained and the exhaust lowered. This however exposes the engine to higher loads and material physical properties must therefore be enhanced. Today, alloyed gray iron is the predominantly used engine material. This material cannot meet the requirements of tomorrow’s engines. Compacted Graphite Iron has good potential to be the replacement; it opens new design opportunities with its superior strength, which can lead to smaller, more efficient engines and additional power. The question is: how will manufacturing be affected? The main goal of this thesis is to identify and investigate the main factors’ effect and their individual contributions on CGI machining.  When the relationship between the fundamental features; machinability, material microstructure, and material physical properties, are revealed, then the CGI material can be optimized, both regarding the manufacturing process and design requirements. The basic understanding is developed mainly through experimental analysis. No attempt has been made to optimize the material to be used as engine material in this thesis. The thesis demonstrates the importance of having good casting process control. It also illustrates the microstructural properties’ effects on CGI machinability, and what new aspects of machining must be taken into account, compared to gray iron. / QC 20101105 / OPTIMA CGI

A la frontière entre musique et mathématiques, cette étude présente un espace musical géométrique original utilisé pour l'analyse et la pédagogie.En utilisant différentes méthodes, les mathématiciens et théoriciens de la musique ont démontré que notre espace des hauteurs tempéré à douze notes peut être considéré comme une combinaison de tierces mineurs et majeures. Nous utilisons le produit cartésien de deux graphes circulaires C3□C4 pour construire le graphe Planet qui répond à ce concept. Comme la décomposition implique deux ensembles et que chaque classe de hauteur est la combinaison unique de ces deux sous-groupes, nous utilisons une coloration en termes de graphes par des nombres complexes et introduisons le concept d'idéogrammes à deux dimensions. Nous effectuons une analyse spectrale du graphe Planet pour déterminer ses espaces propres et obtenir des coordonnées géométriques. Le modèle qui en résulte est appelé Planet-4D, il offre à chaque symbole une position physiquement équivalente. Il comporte plus de symétries que tout modèle discret 3D. A partir de ce modèle, nous construisons une représentation en quatre dimensions où les accords parfaits se trouvent en surface d'une hypersphère. Nous étendons enfin le concept principal pour afficher n'importe quel agrégat de notes sur l'hypersphère dans un cadre atonal. Dans une seconde partie, nous modélisons sous forme de graphes des objets musicaux existants : claviers, réseaux de notes (Tonnetze) ou d'accords ainsi que des schémas de modulation. Nous appliquons des projections spectrales afin de visualiser les symétries inhérentes à ces objets et terminons par des études d'œuvres tonales et atonales, effectuées avec le système de visualisation inventé. / At the frontier between music and mathematics, this study presents an original geometrical musical space used for musical analysis and pedagogy.Using different schemes, mathematicians and music theorists have demonstrated that the tempered twelve tones pitch space can be considered as a combination of minor and major thirds. We use the Cartesian product of two circular graphs C3□C4 to build the Planet graph that matches this concept. Since the decomposition involves two sets and each pitch class being a unique combination of these two sub-groups, we use a graph coloration based on complex numbers and introduce the concept of bi-dimensional ideograms. We perform a spectral analysis of the Planet graph to determine its Eigen spaces and obtain geometrical coordinates. The resulting model, called Planet-4D, grants each symbol and equivalent physical position, and involves more symmetries than any discrete 3D model. From there, we build a four dimensional chordal space where perfect chords lie on a hypersphere. We finally extend this concept to display any set of pitches in an atonal context. In the second section we construct the graphs of some existing musical objects such as keyboards, tone networks (Tonnetze), chordal spaces or modulation schemes. We apply spectral projections to visualize the symmetries that are inherent to these objects. This work concludes with musical studies of tonal and atonal pieces, performed with the help of the visualization tolls designed in this study.

<p>More and more travellers use navigation-aid software to find the way while driving. Most of todays systems use static maps with little or no information at all about currently yeilding roads conditions and disturbances in the network. It is desirable for such services</p><p>in the future to include information about road works, accidents, surface conditions and other types of events that affects what route is currently the best.</p><p>It is also desirable to notify users about changes in the prerequisites of the chosen route after they have started their trip.</p><p>This thesis investigates methods to include dynamic traffic information in route calculations and notifying users when the characteristics change for their chosen route.</p><p>The thesis utilizes dynamic traffic information from The Swedish Road Agencys (Vägverket) central database for traffic information, TRISS and calculates affected clients with help of positioning through the GSM network.</p>

<p>I denna uppsats beskrivs metoder för att skapa en arm i 3D samt att lägga in den i ett foto där den ersätter en riktigt arm. Anledningen till detta är att kunna skapa effekter i filmer och bilder som inte är möjliga med analog teknik. I denna uppsats kan man läsa om tekniker som används i varje del av utvecklingsprocessen och problem som uppstår samt lösningar och tips. I uppgiften finns det med delar som Modellering, Texturering, Rendering, Kamera Matchmoving och Compositing.</p>

More and more travellers use navigation-aid software to find the way while driving. Most of todays systems use static maps with little or no information at all about currently yeilding roads conditions and disturbances in the network. It is desirable for such services in the future to include information about road works, accidents, surface conditions and other types of events that affects what route is currently the best. It is also desirable to notify users about changes in the prerequisites of the chosen route after they have started their trip. This thesis investigates methods to include dynamic traffic information in route calculations and notifying users when the characteristics change for their chosen route. The thesis utilizes dynamic traffic information from The Swedish Road Agencys (Vägverket) central database for traffic information, TRISS and calculates affected clients with help of positioning through the GSM network.