A la fin du XIXe siècle, trois sociétés françaises de la Croix-Rouge apparaissent. Ces associations humanitaires sont auxiliaires du Service de Santé des armées. Les hommes et les femmes bénévoles soignent les soldats français blessés. Les femmes bénévoles sont infirmières, conductrices automobiles, etc. Peu à peu, elles s'imposent et deviennent essentielle dans le fonctionnement général des Croix-Rouges. Aux yeux des hauts gradés militaires, des médecins et des hommes des Croix-Rouges, elles se rendent indispensables par leurs zèles, leurs dévouements, leurs sacrifices notamment lors de la guerre entre la France de Napoléon III et la Prusse (1870-1871), pour la première fois véritablement pendant la Grande Guerre (1914-1918) et la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1939-1945). En temps de paix, les femmes sont polyvalentes. Elles collectent des fonds, tissent des réseaux avec les populations locales, les milieux économiques et politiques. Elles recrutent de nouvelles bénévoles pour les former ensuite au métier d'infirmière. Ces femmes appartiennent aux milieux aisés de la noblesse et de la bourgeoisie. Elles remplacent leurs homologues masculins quand ils sont en sous-effectifs à certaines fonctions et selon les périodes. Elles permettent aux Croix-Rouges de continuer à assurer leurs missions en faveur des combattants blessés, des victimes d'épidémies et catastrophes naturelles. Les femmes engagées dans les Croix-Rouges ont un destin extraordinaire. / At the end of the nineteenth century, three French companies of the Red Cross appear. These humanitarian organizations are auxiliaries of the Health Service of the Armed. Men and women volunteers care for the wounded French soldiers. Volunteers are women nurses, auto conductive, etc. Gradually they become necessary and essential in the overall functioning of the Red Cross. In the eyes of senior military officers, doctors and men of the Red Cross, they make themselves indispensable by their zeals, their devotion, their sacrifices particularly during the war between France and Napoleon III of Prussia (1870-1871), for the first time really in the Great War (1914-1918) and World War II (1939-1945). In peacetime, women are versatile. They raise funds, weave networks with local populations, economic and political circles. They recruit new volunteers for the next train as a nurse. These women belong to the upper classes of the nobility and bourgeoisie. They replace their male counterparts when they are understaffed in certain functions and over time. They allow the Red Cross to continue to assurer their missions for the wounded fighters, victims of natural disasters and epidemics. Women involved in the Red Cross have an extraordinary destiny.

Introductory part of my work delimits concept of charity and concepts related to it, the first chapter formulates fundamental theoretical basis of charitable work. Next chapter briefly summarizes changes of charity practice in Czech and European setting from antiquity to the end of twentieth century according to chosen criteria. The aim of the fourth chapter is describing present activity of Charity of the Czech Republic as a provider of social services, the fifth chapter delimits some specifics of charity work in the context of dialogue between theology and social work. Empirical part tries to find out (by the form of semi- structured interviews with directors of professional charities, in the basis of content analysis and by the participating observation), what is the specific character of charitable helping practice that gives to its activity long-term orientation and an unmistakable position at social services market.

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This thesis explores Gustavo Gutiérrez‟s and John Milbank‟s articulations of the doctrine of creation, with a view to developing a criterion that can be used to inform our understanding and evaluation of Christian charities that address homelessness and operate in contemporary British civil society. Milbank and Gutiérrez‟s works both ask questions of the peace or life that can be instituted through charitable practices. They also develop, from the doctrine of creation, their own theological accounts of social and political orders, normative anthropologies, and accounts of the interpersonal. For both Milbank and Gutiérrez, the doctrine of creation maintains a paradox: the internality and externality of the created world in relation to God. Part One of this thesis explores these respective accounts of charity and creation, noting the strengths and limitations of each position. Part One ends with a qualified endorsement of Gutiérrez‟s theology and defends the utility of the criterion he deploys in his work to judge the task of theology and praxis of the church: integral liberation. The second part of this thesis progresses in three steps. First, I put forward a theological methodology which is attentive to the logic of theo-political language and our current neoliberal socio-political order. I argue that it is prudent to think of political theology as a counter-hegemonic discourse, and in dialogue with Ernesto Laclau and Chantel Mouffe, Francis Schüssler Fiorenza and Gutiérrez, I explore and endorse political theology as spiral in character. I go on to extend Laclau and Mouffe‟s analysis of neoliberalism by developing and defending the hypothesis: 'charities are dual'. By engaging with the work of Frank Prochaska, this section argues that charities are both religious and political, as well as being both internal and external to the state apparatus. Furthermore, I contend that charities constitute and ameliorate the social exclusion attributed to homelessness, and that selfless giving, under the current circumstances, is internal to a process of volunteer self-making. By attending to the dualities of homelessness charities, this part of the thesis sets charities in their current context and proposes an elective affinity between current charitable practices and the hegemony of neoliberalism. At the end of the thesis, I return to the doctrine of creation and ask how attention to this doctrinal locus can help us to move homelessness charities beyond their dependence on the existence of homeless people, and their embeddedness in our current neoliberal arrangement. I argue that charities, and civil society more broadly, have an important role to play in envisioning and establishing a theo-politics of common life. To do so, I contend that we need to articulate a robust account of the role of the state, must defend human rights, nurture egalitarian and non-hierarchical charitable practices, be attentive to what the homeless can teach charities and volunteers about our current order, and reform aspects of charitable law. In each of these cases, I defend a paradoxical politics of integral liberation. In summary, this thesis aims to make an original contribution to the growing body of literature that explores homelessness and theology by coordinating the paradox of creation, the duality of charity, and the double truths of neoliberalism.

Through successful personal training, verified assessments, and professional applications, a musician can establish a personal career as a performing artist. This study seeks not only to explore the ways in which musicians can better their own musicianship, but to how they can inspire and empower others through philanthropic applications of their art. A musician’s laboratory exists both in the practice room and on the concert stage. Therefore, for twelve months, the author sought out the most diverse research and performance opportunities, including performances as a featured soloist in Canada and as guest timpanist with the Moscow Symphony in Russia. The project culminated in a benefit concert titled, …in loving memory, raising nearly $5,000 for the Alzheimer's Association. Through personal experiences, the author outlines the solo, small ensemble, and large ensemble performance opportunities that were pursued in order to improve his own musicianship and then applied to the performance of the benefit concert. Offering a "look behind the curtain," this document will also address the logistical hurdles for tackling a charitable event of this scale.

In this thesis I compare Pierre Leroux, a French utopian socialist (1797 – 1871), with Feodor Dostoevsky, the well-known Orthodox Russian novelist (1821 – 1881). I argue that both authors reacted against what they considered to be the dissolution of the social order, brought about by the increasing nineteenth-century bourgeois individualism. On the other hand, they reacted as well against the opposite phenomenon, the idea of a universal socialist state, which was, in fact, according to them, the outcome of bourgeois individualism. My purpose is to bring close and to compare Leroux’s republican socialism with Dostoevsky’s Christian socialism, and to explore to what extent the two authors give similar answers to a common problem. In order to better explain their thought, I divide my thesis into three chapters. The first analyzes and compares Leroux’s and Dostoevsky’s critiques of individualism. If Leroux reaches the conclusion that the ultimate expression of individualism is Malthusianism, Dostoevsky argues that individualism ends in nihilism. The second chapter analyzes the type of socialism against which Leroux and Dostoevsky reacted, as well as the critiques of the two authors. I argue here that Saint-Simonian socialism – the main object of Leroux’s critique – and the socialism of the Grand Inquisitor – a Dostoevskyan character – are the expression of a certain utopian thought which considers the requirement for freedom incompatible with the requirement for unity. In the last chapter, I analyze the ideas of community of Leroux and of Dostoevsky, which are centered on philia, in the case of the former, and on agape, in the case of the latter. Philia and respectively agape are the expression of organic social relations, through which the two requirements, of freedom and unity, are made compatible, and which create unity in multiplicity. Their ideas of community appear as active utopias, grounded on the life of relation in a spontaneous, organic community.

Les organisations caritatives religieuses connaissent depuis la fin de l’ère maoïste une croissance importante en Chine. De façon générale, ces organisations complémentent les services de l’État, lequel a réduit sa présence dans la sphère sociale au cours de la période de Réforme et d’ouverture. Face à ces groupes, le Parti communiste chinois est passé d’une attitude répressive à une attitude instrumentale. La présente thèse explore le détail de cette instrumentalisation. Elle constate, grâce à une étude de terrain, l’attitude différenciée du Parti communiste envers les groupes caritatifs religieux, selon que ceux-ci adhèrent à une religion « chinoise » ou « étrangère ».

This master thesis analyses the role of running charity fundraising and its impact on non-profit organizations. It discovers the impact of various non-profit marketing and fundraising methods to address the donors, both current and prospective. First part of the thesis is focusing on explanation of key terms and concepts of non-profit organizations. It also describes what the position of marketing in the nonprofit sector is and how the fundraising is done. Author then identified the main fundraising methods in which non-profit organizations use running to make an impact. All identified types are supported by the real life examples. An intensive mapping of running oriented charity events in the Czech Republic and its deep analysis has helped author to identify what are the key success factors to be used when designing a new fundraising or marketing plan linked to running initiatives for Světlo pro svět NPO.

A pesquisa buscou identificar e comparar as representações da pobreza e da caridade em Taubaté durante a Primeira República e a Era Vargas, tendo como referência documental primária o `Jornal de Taubaté dos anos de 1899 e 1935. Trata-se de uma pesquisa básica, de abordagem exploratória, com enfoque qualitativo, a pesquisa com os jornais foi feita a partir da técnica da exaustividade, os dados foram organizados em planilhas eletrônicas, a análise do discurso foi utilizada com os textos jornalísticos mais relevantes da pesquisa. Durante a pesquisa, buscou-se relacionar a teoria de Serge Moscovici sobre as Representações Sociais com o conceito de Gramsci sobre ideologia, já que os temas de estudados abordaram questões sociais, fortemente marcadas por relações assimétricas, os que doam e praticam a caridade e os pobres que dependem da ajuda alheia. Foi possível constatar que a pobreza e a caridade foram representadas pela imprensa taubateana a partir da ótica liberal, dessa maneira a ideologia liberal acabou influenciando na formação de instituições religiosas e privadas, que atuavam como paliativos das questões sociais do município, sempre diferenciando os pobres merecedores de ajuda, dos ditos `vadios. / This research seeked to identify and compare the representations of poverty and charity in Taubaté during the Primeira República and Era Vargas, as primary documental reference the `Jornal de Taubaté in the years 1899 and 1935. This is a basic research, with exploratory approach, using qualitative focus, the research was done with the papers from the technical completeness, the data were organized into spreadsheets, speech analysis was used with the most relevant journalistic texts. During the research, we tried to relate the theory of Serge Moscovici on Social Representations with Gramscis concept of ideology, since the subjects studied addressed social issues, strongly marked by asymmetrical relationships, those who donate and practice charity and poor who depend on help from others. It was found that poverty and charity were represented by the press from a liberal perspective, thus liberal ideology ended up influencing the formation of religious institutions and private, who worked as a hospice social issues of the city, always differentiating the deserving poor help, the so-called `stray.

abstract: Microlending aims at providing low-barrier loans to small to medium scaled family run businesses that are financially disincluded historically. These borrowers might be in third world countries where traditional financing is not accessible. Lenders can be individual investors or institutions making risky investments or willing to help people who cannot access traditional banks or do not have the credibility to get loans from traditional sources. Microlending involves a charitable cause as well where lenders are not really concerned about what and how they are paid. This thesis aims at building a platform that will support both commercial microlending as well as charitable donation to support the real cause of microlending. The platform is expected to ensure privacy and transparency to the users in order to attract more users to use the system. Microlending involves monetary transactions, hence possible security threats to the system are discussed. Blockchain is one of the technologies which has revolutionized financial transactions and microlending involves monetary transactions. Therefore, blockchain is viable option for microlending platform. Permissioned blockchain restricts the user admission to the platform and provides with identity management feature. This feature is required to ensure the security and privacy of various types of participants on the microlending platform. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Software Engineering 2020