Taiwan Security Market is a typical order-driven market, and the business transactions are matched through the electronic trading system since 1988. In this work, we study the joint distributions of tick size changes of bid price and ask price, bid volume, and ask volume¡@for each matching order in Taiwan Stock Exchange (TSEC). Exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) method is adopted to update the joint distribution of the incoming order variables aforementioned. Here we propose five methods to determine the update timing and consider three different initial matrices of the joint distributions. In empirical study, the daily matching data of two enterprises Uni-president Enterprises Corporation and Formosa Plastics Corporation in April, 2005 are considered. The goodness of fit for the joint distributions are determined by Chi-square Goodness of Fit Test. The results show that EWMA method provide good fit for most of the daily transaction data.

This thesis presents several statistical analysis on a cooperative project with Dr. Pallas and Yuting Mao from Biology Department of Georgia State University. This research concludes the impact of cauterize size of animals’ midbrain on auditory and visual response in brains. Besides some already commonly used statistical analysis method, such as MANOVA and Frequency Test, a unique combination of Permutation Test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test is applied to our non-parametric data. Some simulation results show the Permutation Test we used has very good powers, and fits the need for this study. The result confirms part of the Biology Department’s hypothesis statistically and enhances more complete understanding of the experiments and the potential impact of helping patients with Acquired Brain Injury.

Darbo objektas: nuolatinio (> 3 mėn.) apatinės nugaros dalies skausmo, negalios dėl jo, judamojo atraminio aparato funkcinių ir pusiausvyros rodiklių pokytis po 8 savaičių Čen stiliaus Taidzičiuan treniruočių įtakos. Tyrimo problema: ar Čen stiliaus Taidzičiuan treniruočių programa gali įtakoti rodiklius susijusius su nuolatiniu apatinės nugaros dalies skausmu? Hipotezė: Čen stiliaus 8 savaičių trukmės Taidzičiuan treniruočių programa turi teigiamą įtaką, skausmo bei su juo susijusios negalios, judamojo atraminio aparato funkciniams bei pusiausvyros rodikliams esant apatinės nugaros dalies skausmui. Tikslas: nustatyti, kokią įtaką turi 8 savaičių trukmės Čen stiliaus Taidzičiuan treniruočių programa esant nuolatiniam apatinės nugaros dalies skausmui. Uždaviniai: 1. nustatyti skausmo ir negalios dėl jo rodiklius bei įvertinti jų kaitą; 2. nustatyti judamojo atraminio aparato funkcinius rodiklius bei įvertinti jų kaitą; 3. nustatyti pusiausvyros rodiklius ir įvertinti jų kaitą. Tiriamieji: 10 tiriamųjų (8 moterys ir 2 vyrai, 42,8 ± 11,6 metų amžiaus, 168,1 ± 4,6 cm ūgio, 66,3 ± 13,0 kg svorio, nuolatinio apatinės nugaros dalies skausmo trukmė – 8,6 ± 7,7 metai). Išvados: 8 savaičių trukmės Čen stiliaus Taidzičiuan treniruočių programa, esant nuolatiniam apatinės nugaros dalies skausmui yra efektyvi mažinant skausmą bei negalią dėl jo, tačiau neturi reikšmingos įtakos judamojo atraminio aparato funkciniams rodikliams (išskyrus padidėjusį lankstumą į šonus, bei kairės kojos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Subject of study: impact of 8 weeks duration Chen style Taijiquan training program on chronic (> 3 month) low back pain, disability, functional musculoskeletal system and balance indicators. Problem of study: can Chen style Taijiquan training program influence indicators, which are related with chronic low back pain? Hypothesis: 8 weeks duration Chen style Taijiquan training program has positive influence on pain, disability, functional and balance indicators for people, who have chronic low back pain. The aim: to assess, what impact has 8 weeks duration Chen style Taijiquan training program on chronic low back pain, disability, functional and balance indicators. Objectives: 1. to assess indicators of pain and disability and evaluate alternation; 2. to assess functional indicators of body and evaluate alternation; 3. to assess indicators of balance and evaluate alternation. Participants: 10 participants (8 woman and 2 man, 42,8 ± 11,6 year old, height - 168,1 ± 4,6 cm, weight - 66,3 ± 13,0 kg, duration of chronic low back pain - 8,6 ± 7,7 years). Conclusions: 8 weeks duration Chen style Taijiquan training program has positive influence on reducing pain and disability, but does not have influence on functional indicators of body (except increase range of side flexibility and length of left leg posterior muscles). Balance indicators (length of swinging trajectory and average swinging speed) also were not influenced.

Musculoskeletal disorders are common among musicians at all levels of performance. Since music teachers train our future musicians it is important to understand their work environment. By creating good examples of a healthy work environment, they can teach their students how to stay healthy and to prevent pain. The aim of this thesis was to study the work environment of music teachers at municipal music schools, with regard to physical and psychosocial factors and musculoskeletal disorders with the focus on neck and shoulder disorders. An additional aim was to investigate the variability of the playing technique in string players and to investigate if they could play with greater variation in the trapezius muscle activity pattern after a training intervention program. In a cross-sectional study at 23 municipal music schools, 171 out of the 208 (82%) music teachers reported that they had experienced work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) during the previous year. Women reported significantly more symptoms in the neck, the shoulders and the upper back compared to men. Both physical and psychosocial work factors were associated with neck and shoulder disorders. For women “high mental work demands” and “teaching at many schools” could be seen as risk factors and for men “lifting”, “playing the guitar” and “low social support at work” were risk factors. The occurrence of WMSDs was also investigated, over an eight-year period, in music teachers at one music school. The result showed that neck, shoulder and lower back disorders were common and tended to be of long duration and to increase over the years. In an interview study, nine music teachers focused on what they perceived to be important for their health and well-being. Replenishing and using up energy was found to be the core category. Creativity in the music and working with other musicians were perceived as sources of energy, while the goals of the organisation were experienced as stressful and used up energy. Whether the work was regarded as pedagogical or musical could affect the perception of health and the strategies for dealing with the strains of work. In two studies using electromyography, the variation in the trapezius muscle activity pattern in string musicians was investigated. The results suggested that each musician could repeat their muscular activity pattern in a similar way between two playing sessions. No difference was found in the trapezius muscle activity between five violinists who trained basic Body Awareness Therapy (BAT), a technique having its roots in Tai Chi Chuan tradition, compared to a reference group of nine violinists who did not take part in any training. However, the training group perceived positive changes in breathing, muscular tension, postural control and concentration during practice sessions. Neck and shoulder disorders were associated with physical and psychosocial factors at work. A process of replenishing and using up energy was important for music teachers’ health. The playing technique in string musicians seemed to be repeatable but difficult to affect over a short-term period. For future musicians it is crucial to learn good working technique at an early age. In the learning process the music teacher is a vital role model. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2003, Härtill 5 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

Lyophilized pea chloroplasts were extracted in a stepwise manner in an organic solvent (petroleum ether) with increasing polarity which was obtained by addition of small amount of ETOH (0-1 %). Absorption and low temperature fluorescence emission spectra were measured on both the extracted thylakoids and on isolated chlorophylI-protein complexes. Extraction of chlorophyll from the membrane increased (and the ratio of chlorophyl l a/b decreased) with increasing polarity of the solvent. The gel scan revealed that after extraction with petroleum ether, CPa.. was lost from the gel and after extraction with petroleum ether +1 % ETOH only the CPa/b was left together with SDS-free chlorophyll. This shows that the chlorophyll in CPa/b are situated in a less hydrophobic environment than chlorophyll in CPa|| and CPa|. The long wavelength absorbing and emitting chlorophyll fraction associated to CPaj was found to be easily removed from the membrane. This caused a blue shift in the low temperature fluorescence emission peak and in the red absorption peak and it was also accompanied by a decrease in carote-noid absorption in isolated CPa|. It was found in different plant material lacking $-carotene in CPàj that a strong correlation between ß-carotene in CPa. and the existence of the long wavelength chlorophyll in isolated cPa. existed. Based on these data, it was suggested that excited chlorophyll can transfer energy in excess to ß-carotene by a triplet--triplet transfer.A method based on in vivo chlorophyll £ fluorescence was developed for studying photosynthetic capacity in unicellular algae. It was shown that DCMU-induced fluorescence increase was a good measure of photosynthetic capacity in four species of green algae tested.The effect of copper chloride on photosynthetic electron transport and chlorophyl1-protein complexes was studied in spinach chloroplasts. Copper(11) inhibited a PS I i reaction H2O—&gt; DPIP, a PS I reaction Asc/DPIP —&gt; NADP and the overall electron transport H2O —&gt; NAOP to different degrees. Chlorophyll protein complexes were only slightly affected by copper(ll) but with both copper and ascorbate in the reaction media, a rapid membrane destruction occurred. This was probably caused by a free radical reaction catalyzed by copper(ll). / <p>Härtill 4 delarbeten.</p> / digitalisering@umu

In this dissertation we developed theoretical models to analyse Gaussian and multinomial distributions. The analysis is focused on classification in high dimensional feature spaces and provides a basis for dealing with issues such as data sparsity and feature selection (for Gaussian and multinomial distributions, two frequently used models for high dimensional applications). A Naïve Bayesian philosophy is followed to deal with issues associated with the curse of dimensionality. The core treatment on Gaussian and multinomial models consists of finding analytical expressions for classification error performances. Exact analytical expressions were found for calculating error rates of binary class systems with Gaussian features of arbitrary dimensionality and using any type of quadratic decision boundary (except for degenerate paraboloidal boundaries). Similarly, computationally inexpensive (and approximate) analytical error rate expressions were derived for classifiers with multinomial models. Additional issues with regards to the curse of dimensionality that are specific to multinomial models (feature sparsity) were dealt with and tested on a text-based language identification problem for all eleven official languages of South Africa. / Thesis (M.Ing. (Computer Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Despite the huge national energy resources, many Nigerians do not have access to high quality, modern energy services. For those with access, energy supply lacks reliability, especially in the case of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Hence this research considers the possibility of enhancing the household use of LPG. It analyzes the factors affecting the current demand and supply. Salient features of the LPG supply and distribution system were also discussed. On the basis of the existing situation, barriers of increasing LPG use, in particular, the problems regarding affordability, priCing, government poliCies, safety, transportation and distribution were analyzed and identified statistically using the chi-square statistical method as a tool. Finally, on the basis of the challenges identified, suggestions and recommendations were made regarding the policies through which the problems could be overcome. Furthermore, a model was developed and tested for an effective marketing strategy of LPG in Warri Nigeria. ii / Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

In this dissertation we developed theoretical models to analyse Gaussian and multinomial distributions. The analysis is focused on classification in high dimensional feature spaces and provides a basis for dealing with issues such as data sparsity and feature selection (for Gaussian and multinomial distributions, two frequently used models for high dimensional applications). A Naïve Bayesian philosophy is followed to deal with issues associated with the curse of dimensionality. The core treatment on Gaussian and multinomial models consists of finding analytical expressions for classification error performances. Exact analytical expressions were found for calculating error rates of binary class systems with Gaussian features of arbitrary dimensionality and using any type of quadratic decision boundary (except for degenerate paraboloidal boundaries). Similarly, computationally inexpensive (and approximate) analytical error rate expressions were derived for classifiers with multinomial models. Additional issues with regards to the curse of dimensionality that are specific to multinomial models (feature sparsity) were dealt with and tested on a text-based language identification problem for all eleven official languages of South Africa. / Thesis (M.Ing. (Computer Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Despite the huge national energy resources, many Nigerians do not have access to high quality, modern energy services. For those with access, energy supply lacks reliability, especially in the case of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Hence this research considers the possibility of enhancing the household use of LPG. It analyzes the factors affecting the current demand and supply. Salient features of the LPG supply and distribution system were also discussed. On the basis of the existing situation, barriers of increasing LPG use, in particular, the problems regarding affordability, priCing, government poliCies, safety, transportation and distribution were analyzed and identified statistically using the chi-square statistical method as a tool. Finally, on the basis of the challenges identified, suggestions and recommendations were made regarding the policies through which the problems could be overcome. Furthermore, a model was developed and tested for an effective marketing strategy of LPG in Warri Nigeria. ii / Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Thesis (M. Hous. M.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-68).