In die Sonderausstellung „Weltuntergang 2012? Der Dresdner Maya-Codex und seine Entzifferung“ strömten vom 23. Februar bis 24. Mai 2012 mehrere tausend Besucher aus aller Welt. Ehrenamtliche der Bürgerstiftung halfen dabei, die Präsentation an allen sieben Tagen der Woche zu öffnen. Aus den eingegangenen Spenden wird zur Zeit das Bildnis des Dresdner Mayaforschers Ernst Wilhelm Förstemann restauriert, dem nach 15jähriger Forschung Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts die Entschlüsselung des Kalenders mit seinen mathematisch-astronomischen Zyklen gelungen ist.

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RMN de Exchange em estado sólido é uma importante técnica utilizada na caracterização de processos dinâmicos em ciência dos materiais. Entretanto, a utilização desta técnica no estudo de materiais complexos tem sido limitada. Neste trabalho, serão propostas novas metodologias de RMN de Exchange em estado sólido, que permitem analisar eficientemente movimentos moleculares na escala de tempo de milisegundos. A técnica denominada Pure Exchange Solid-State NMR (PUREX), provê a supressão dos segmentos rígidos dos espectros de exchange, tomando possível observar os segmentos com mobilidade na escala de ms seletivamente. A técnica Centerband-Only Detection of Exchange (CODEX), permite a observação e caracterização de reorientações moleculares lentas com a maior sensibilidade e resolução disponíveis em RMN de estado sólido, através de espectros obtidos sob rotação da amostra em tomo do ângulo mágico (MAS). Utilizando essas técnicas as funções e tempos de correlação e a geometria de movimentos moleculares lentos podem ser determinadas diretamente, sem a necessidade da utilização de modelos que relacionem as grandezas medidas e as características do movimento molecular. A utilização dos métodos apresentados, permite a identificação e caracterização da dinâmica lenta em materiais complexos, tais como polímeros amorfos, semicristalinos e proteínas. Com objetivo inicial de demonstrar as técnicas, elas foram aplicadas para confirmar detalhes da dinâmica molecular em amostras modelo. Através destas técnicas foi possível confirmar a escala de tempo e os ângulos de reorientação envolvidos na dinâmica molecular de cristais orgânicos, Dimetil Sulfona (DMS), e também para revisitar processos de relaxação local em alguns polímeros, polimetacritato de metila (PMMA) e isotatico polipropileno (iPP). As metodologias foram também aplicadas no estudo da transição vítrea em polímeros semicristalinos, isotatico poli(1-buteno) (iPB 1) e sindiotático polipropileno, os quais não tinham sido ainda estudados por técnicas de RMN de Exchange, já que neste caso a maioria dos segmentos moleculares (porção cristalina do polímero) é rígida durante a transição vítrea. Utilizando os métodos CODEX e PUREX os movimentos lentos que ocorrem na região amorfa destes polímeros em temperaturas próximas as suas temperaturas de transição vítrea foram caracterizados. Um estudo dos movimentos lentos que ocorrem em tomo das temperaturas de transição vítrea nas cadeias poliméricas de dois tipos de nanocompostos híbridos siloxano/(polietileno glicol) (ormolitas) também é apresentado. Heterogeneidades nos movimentos das cadeias poliméricas associados com a interação PEG/siloxano foram diretamente observadas através de experimentos PUREX 1D de Exchange 2D. Evidenciais da presença de movimentos de grande e pequena amplitude foram observados para os dois tipos de híbridos. Os resultados revelam que a restrição do movimento das cadeias poliméricas pelas estruturas de siloxano depende tanto do comprimento da cadeia como da natureza das interações entre as fases orgânica e inorgânica do nanocomposto. Finalmente os resultados referentes a caracterização da dinâmica molecular rápida e lenta e sua relação com as propriedades estruturais de um hidrogel protéico são apresentados. Utilizando uma versão modificada da técnica CODEX, juntamente com experimentos de polarização direta, polarização cruzada e RMN de correlação 2D, foi possível não somente confirmar a estrutura e o modelo de formação propostos para o gel, mas também determinar a geometria e a escala de tempo dos movimentos lentos que ocorrem na região de hélice do hidrogel protéico em grandes detalhes. A demonstração teórica e experimental das técnicas e suas aplicações no estudo dessas importantes classes de materiais serão apresentadas. / Solid-State Exchange NMR is an important method to characterize details of dynamic process in materials science. However, the application of these techniques to study complex materials has been limited. In this work new solid-state Exchange NMR techniques, which allows efficient analysis of molecular motions in the millisecond time scale, are presented. The Pure Exchange Solid-State NMR (PUREX) method provides the suppression of the rigid segments in standard exchange spectrum, making possible to observe the slow moving moieties selectively. The Centerband-Only Detection of Exchange (CODEX) technique allows observing and characterizing slow segmental reorientations with the highest available NMR sensitivity and site resolution, in a magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectrum. Correlation functions, correlation times and information about the motional amplitude and geometry can be direct1y obtained using the techniques, without any model assumption. These methods allowed identifying and characterizing slow dynamics in complex materials such as, semicrystalline and amorphous polymers and proteins. To demonstrated the proposed techniques they have been applied to confirm some kwon aspect of the slow dynamics of model samples. Using the methods it was possible o confirm the time scale and the reorientation angles involved in the molecular dynamics of organic crystals, Dimethyl Sulfone (DMS), and also to revisit some relaxation process in standard polymers, such as the beta relaxation of poly(methyl metacrylate) (PMMA) and the alfa relaxation in isotactic polypropylene (iPP). The time scale and the geometry of the molecular motions responsible by these relaxation process obtained using the PUREX and CODEX techniques are in excellent agreement with the data taken from the literature, confirming the reliability of the proposed methods. Moreover, the techniques were also applied to study the slow molecular motions involved in the glass transition of semicrystalline polymers, such as isotactic poly (l-butene) form I (iPB1) and syndiotactic Polypropylene (sPP). The glass transition of these polymers had not been studied using Exchange NMR methods because most of the molecular segments (crystalline portion of the polymers) are rigid during the glass transition. Using the PUREX and CODEX methods the slow molecular reorientations within the amorphous region of the polymers were characterized for temperatures near its glass transition. A study of the slow motions occurring around the glass transition temperature in the polymer chains of two types of siloxane/(polyethylene glycol) nanocomposites (ormolites) is also presented. Motional heterogeneities associated with PEG/ siloxane interactions were directly observed in the 13C 1D PUREX and 2D exchange data. Evidences of both small and large angle amplitude motions were direct1y observed for both types of hybrids. The results revealed that the hindrance to the slow molecular motions of the polymer chains due to the siloxane structures depends on the chain length and the nature of the interaction between the organic and inorganic phases. Finally the results concerning the characterization of the fast and slow dynamics and its relationship with the structural properties of a protein hidrogel are presented. Using a modified version of the CODEX technique, together with standard direct polarization, cross polarization and 2D NMR correlation experiments, it was possible not only to confirm the proposed structure and the gel formation model, but also to characterize the geometry and the time scale of the slow motions in the helical domains of the protein hidrogel in great detail. The theoretical and experimental demonstration of all proposed methods and also its applications in these important classes of material will be present.

Orientador: Leandro Karnal / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T11:32:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Montoro_GlauciaCristiani_D.pdf: 22830964 bytes, checksum: e613e57bfd246ad0dad6ec74eb7778c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Este trabalho enfoca um manuscrito de tradição indígena, chamado Códice Telleriano Remensis, confeccionado em meados do século XVI na região central do México. Trata-se de um documento de patronagem européia composto por um sistema de notação indígena basicamente pictográfico e por textos em caracteres latinos. Foram realizadas análises do documento original com o auxílio da Codicologia, uma disciplina especializada no estudo dos manuscritos do ponto de vista material, e um estudo pormenorizado dos escribas/ pintores ou tlacuilos. O trabalho é focado, portanto, nas características materiais do códice (suporte, organização material, encadernações, restaurações, etc), visando à reconstrução de sua história de confecção, com enfoque no conteúdo imagético. A pesquisa trouxe dados importantes sobre a confecção e formação do manuscrito, que foi realizado por vários tlacuilos, os quais se vinculam estilisticamente a distintas tradições do México Central e mostram diversas formas de adaptar os conteúdos tradicionais indígenas ao papel e formato de livro europeu e às necessidades dos novos usuários. O códice é um material fascinante, de grande heterogeneidade, e as análises permitiram demonstrar suas diversidades internas, que refletem a complexidade e pluralidade das tradições indígenas e algumas formas de adaptá-las a materiais, convenções e concepções ocidentais / Abstract: The present work focuses on a manuscript of indigenous tradition called Codex Telleriano Remensis, created in the mid sixteenth-century in the central region of Mexico. It is a work of European sponsorship which is composed of a native notation system, basically pictographic, and through texts in latin characters. An analysis of the original manuscript was carried out with the help of Codicology, a discipline that specialises on the study of manuscripts from a material perspective, as well as a detailed study of the scribes/ painters, the so-called tlacuilos. The research is hence focused on the material characteristics of the Codex (support, material organization, binding, restorations, etc). The main objective of this analysis was to re-construct the history of its creation, with special emphasis on its pictographic content. The work developed brought important data into light regarding the history of the creation and development of the manuscript. The task was undertaken by several tlacuilos, which a related to different style traditions of Central Mexico and who show various forms of adapting the traditional indigenous contents to European paper and book formats, as well as to the needs of the new users. The Codex itself is a fascinating working material, with a great level of heterogeneity and, the analysis undertaken gave the opportunity to demonstrate its internal diversity, reflecting the complexity and pluralism of indigenous traditions and some of the forms used to adapt them to Western materials, conventions and concepts / Doutorado / Historia da America / Doutor em História

Many Greek and Latin papyri, originally belonging to only one book (be it in roll or codex form), are currently scattered among different libraries. While it is not possible to physically rejoin these fragments as they cannot be moved from their institutions, they may be virtually reunited thanks to the techniques of digitisation, image processing and electronic publishing. This paper focuses on some issues – emerged from the work of my MA dissertation – that virtual reunification of Greek and Latin papyri presents. Firstly, I propose a workflow for the creation of a digital edition of virtually rejoined fragments, by applying the model of virtual reunification recently suggested by R. Punzalan in Understanding Virtual Reunification (2014), the first systematic study on this topic. Also, as a principal reference point among the existing projects, I follow the Sinaiticus Project website, which, similarly, deals with an ancient Greek manuscript now dispersed in different institutions; however, while the Sinaiticus Project is exclusively dedicated to that artefact, the edition here proposed includes the possibility to be widened, in order to allow researchers to possibly include more reunified papyri in the future. Secondly, I propose some recommendations that can be followed by the owning institutions in order to digitise their fragments according to a common strategy. Finally, I focus on how a virtual reunification of papyrus fragments can be technically achieved – in other words, how the transcription code can present unified information about the papyrus as a whole and mark the parts of text belonging to each fragment. This project will hopefully help researchers study papyri divided among different libraries in a more systematic way, thanks to the availability of an electronic edition including the whole text and images of the virtually reunited fragments, and thanks to a consolidation of metadata.

Seit Produzent und Regisseur Roland Emmerich (Independece Day, Stargate) mit seinem Kinoerfolg „2012“ unsere Welt mit allen Mitteln digitaler Illusion zusammenkrachen ließ, wollen Journalisten aus aller Welt von der SLUB nur noch das eine wissen: Was prophezeit der Maya-Kalender zum 21. Dezember 2012, was steht tatsächlich im Codex Dresdensis über einen Weltuntergang? Die Antwort schrieb Spiegel TV gleich selbst ins Gästebuch: Wenn die Welt auch untergeht – wir senden weiter. An einen Weltuntergang glaubt (fast) niemand, aber viele reden drüber: bei Google findet man in 0,08 Sekunden 2,8 Millionen Weltuntergangs-Treffer. An erster Stelle steht die Uhr, die Tage, Stunden und Sekunden rückwärts zählt…

Mit dem Codex Boernerianus beherbergt die SLUB eine der außergewöhnlichsten Handschriften der neutestamentlichen Paulusbriefe. Das zweisprachige Manuskript enthält zusätzlich zum griechischen Text über jedem Wort eine lateinische Entsprechung – stellenweise auch mit mehreren Übersetzungsvarianten. Ein Seminar an der TU Dresden hat versucht, dem auf den Grund zu gehen.

The study deals with European medieval contact combat, which is often unjustly overlooked and underestimated. It places medieval wrestling and the techniques of medieval hand-to-hand combat systems into the wider context of global development and qualitatively assesses their technical level. In historiographical literature, martial arts used by medieval wrestlers, just like any other medieval martial arts, are often regarded as a mere connecting link between the advanced ancient combat and complex Renaissance combat systems. However, such assessment is rather the result of logical premises, not a detailed analysis. The study does not regard medieval combat as a complete and imperfect interlude on its way towards ever-more perfect formations. On the contrary, the study aims to find and explore several phases and systems, various qualitative levels that medieval combat systems went through and which emerged from the heterogeneous conditions of different time epochs. The study will explain the reasons of the transformation from ancient combat activities into medieval systems and it will reveal and explain their particular forms and contents on specific examples. It will also stress the fact that each peak phase of development of any martial art fully meets the needs of the war field and self-defence...

This thesis explores how large language models can be used to generate configuration files for Terraform from natural language descriptions. Few-shot and fine-tuning paradigms are evaluated on decoder-only models of varying size, including the state-of-the-art Codex model. The generated configuration files are evaluated with regard to functional correctness on a custom dataset using Terraform, to account for the large space of functionally equivalent configuration files. Results show that the largest model Codex is very capable at generating configuration files given an English description of network infrastructure even without fine-tuning. The result could be a useful tool for engineers who know Terraform fundamentals and have experience with the cloud platforms: AWS, GCP, or Azure. A future study could fine-tune Codex for Terraform using OpenAI's API or create an open source Codex-replication by fine-tuning the GPT-3 replication OPT, which in turn can be \hbox{fine-tuned}. / Denna avhandling undersöker hur stora språkmodeller kan användas till att generera konfigurationsfiler för Terraform med hjälp av språkbeskrivningar. Både few-shot och fine-tuning paradigm utvärderas på decoder-only modeller i olika storlekar, inklusive Codex. För att ta hänsyn till konfigurationsfiler som i utseende ser olika ut men som är funktionellt ekvivalenta utvärderas konfigurationsfilerna utifrån deras funktion. Resultaten visar att Codex, som är den största modellen, har förmågan att generera konfigurationsfiler givet en engelsk beskrivning av nätverksinfrastruktur, trots att Codex inte har undergått fine-tuning. Resultatet kan vara ett användbart verktyg för ingenjörer som har grundläggande kunskap om Terraform och erfarenhet av molnplattformarna: AWS, GCP eller Azure. En framtida studie skulle kunna träna Codex för Terraform med OpenAI:s API eller skapa en Codex-kopia genom att träna GPT-3 kopian OPT som i sin tur kan bli tränad för Terraform.

Le concile Vatican II a apporté des modifications ecclésiologiques qui ont transformé profondément la participation des fidèles à la vie de l’Église de même que l’exercice des charges ecclésiastiques. En présentant l’Église comme une communion de fidèles et en insistant sur l’aspect communionnel de l’exercice des diverses charges, le concile a mis à jour la dimension synodale de la vie ecclésiale qui était occultée par l’ecclésiologie préconciliaire. Dans le cadre de ces développements, les procédures, qui auparavant avaient seulement un statut de lois auxiliaires, reçoivent une importance accrue. Les procédures apparaissent nécessaires pour instituer la communion. Elles sont des lois constitutives, ce sont les règles qui instituent la prise de décision commune, la consultation, le consensus, etc. C’est l’objet de la présente thèse de déterminer le statut des procédures dans l’Église après Vatican II, à savoir leur place dans le discours officiel et la législation post-conciliaire.