Uppsatsen presenterar en svensk översättning av den fornkyrkoslaviska texten, ur passions-historian om De fyrtio martyrerna från Sebaste, vilken i sin tur ingår i den större samlingen Codex Suprasliensis, bestående av tjugofyra helgonberättelser, initialt översatta från grekiska till fornkyrkoslaviska. Förutom dessa helgonskildringar ingår det i Codex Suprasliensis predikningar för kyrkoåret, även dessa översatta från grekiska till fornkyrkoslaviska. Mot bakgrund av detta undersöker jag även hur en tysk respektive engelsk översättning har förhållit sig till den fornkyrkoslaviska originalhandskriften. Då berättelsen initialt nedtecknades på grekiska har jag valt att granska i vilken omfattning den fornkyrkoslaviska källtexten begagnar sig av grekiska lånord, ursprungliga grekiska egennamn, samt hur dåtida översättare valde att hantera de i källtexterna förekommande romerska tidsbegreppen.

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Diese Zweitveröffentlichung stellt eine einerseits (um die Übertragungen einzelner Stücke des Codex Montpellier und deren Kommentierung sowie um die Auszüge aus den Vorlesungsskizzen „Übergang vom Organum zur eigentlichen Mehrstimmigkeit“ und „Die Anfänge der mehrstimmigen Musik“) gekürzte, andererseits (um das Kapitel „Beschreibung des Codex Montpellier H 196“) erweiterte Fassung des ersten Teils einer Nachlass-Edition dar, der unter dem Titel: 'Denkwürdigkeiten in der frühen Stimmenkombination', in: 'G. Jacobsthal, Übergänge und Umwege in der Musikgeschichte. Aus Straßburger Vorlesungen und Studien. Codex Montpellier - Palestrina - Monteverdi - Emanuel Bach - Haydn - Mozart'. Herausgegeben von Peter Sühring, Hildesheim 2010 erschienen war.

Der Codex Weimar Q565 enthält Texte unterschiedlicher Gattungen des 15., 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts, die häufig eine Gemeinsamkeit aufweisen: Obszöne Inhalte. Obwohl 1982 ediert, sind Fragen nach Gebrauch, Konzept, Stellenwert und Sammlerintention weitgehend unbeantwortet geblieben. Über die Ermittlung der Textzusammenhänge, des Gebrauchskontextes, eines möglichen Konzeptes und der Sammelinteressen soll die Handschrift erschlossen und ins Gespräch gebracht werden.

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This thesis examines the impacts and implications of post-1995 linkages between the Codex Alimentarius Commission and the World Trade Organization. Chapters 1 and 2 provide data on the structures, functions, and procedures of the Codex Commission and the WTO and analyze their institutional approaches to risk, danger, risk management and the precautionary principle. Chapter 3 evaluates three impacts of post-1995 linkages between these institutions (the politicization of the Codex Commission, deadlock in the Codex standard elaboration process, and dispute in the WTO) as well as three implications of that linkage (risk v. danger assessment and management, changed interpretations of "science," and changed interpretations of "consensus"). Finally, Chapter 4 applies these impacts and implications to food safety cases. This chapter establishes a framework for understanding issues of food safety, Codex standard elaboration, and WTO dispute settlements in terms of scientific and political consensus and debate. This thesis argues, first, that the post-1995 linkage between the Codex Commission and the WTO changed Codex member state expectations and behaviors relative to standard elaboration procedures and that these changed expectations impacted both member state governments and the WTO. It further demonstrates that the extent of the Codex Commission's ability to elaborate universal standards and the WTO's responsibility for dispute settlement can be explained in terms of scientific and political dispute and consensus. Finally, it illustrates that risk and danger are different concepts, require different food safety approaches, and generate different institutional and national reactions. This analysis addresses existing critiques of the Codex Commission, the WTO, and their post-1995 linkages, examines the potential of both institutions to simultaneously pursue consumer safety and open trade objectives, and points to avenues for future research. / Master of Arts

Following the Second World War, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) teamed up to construct an international Codex Alimentarius (or “food code”) in 1962. Inspired by the work of its European predecessor, the Codex Europaeus, these two UN agencies assembled teams of health professionals, government civil servants, medical and scientific experts to draft food standards. Once ratified, the standards were distributed to governments for voluntary adoption and implementation. By the mid-1990s, the World Trade Organization (WTO) identified the Codex as a key reference point for scientific food standards. The role of science within this highly political and economic organization poses interesting questions about the process of knowledge production and the scientific expertise underpinning the food standards. Standards were constructed and contested according to the Codex twin goals of: (1) protecting public health, and (2) facilitating trade. One recent criticism of Codex is that these two aims are opposed, or that one is given primacy over the other, which results in protectionism. Bearing these themes in mind, in this dissertation I examine the relationship between the scientific and the ‘social’ elements embodied by the Codex food standards since its inception after the Second World War. I argue that these attempts to reach scientific standards represent an example of coproduction– one in which the natural and social orders are produced alongside each other. What follows from this central claim is an attempt to characterize the pre-WTO years of the Codex through a case study approach. The narrative begins with a description of the predecessor regional group the Codex europaeus, and then proceeds to key areas affecting human health: 1) food additives, 2) food hygiene, and 3) pesticides residues.

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em entender-se como ocorreu a escolha, por volta do ano 1000, dos textos em inglês antigo reunidos no manuscrito conhecido como Nowell Codex ou manuscrito de Beowulf. O manuscrito aqui enfocado é a parte chamada de Nowell Codex, que somado ao Southwick Codex, integra o Cotton Vitellius A.xv, hoje em poder da British Library, em Londres. O Nowell Codex é composto pelos seguintes textos: Vida de São Cristovão, em prosa; Maravilhas do Oriente, em prosa; Carta de Alexandre para Aristóteles, em prosa; Beowulf, em poesia e Judite, em poesia. Ao buscar-se entender a unidade temática do manuscrito, é fundamental tocar em questões codicológicas juntamente com as textuais, isto é, questões materiais acerca da produção do codex. Esta abordagem foi muito pouco explorada pelos estudiosos que já se dedicaram aos textos do Nowell Codex, especialmente àqueles que se dedicam ao poema Beowulf. Defende-se aqui que os textos foram escolhido devido a uma semelhança em um arco maior de ideias que abarca todos os conteúdos do manuscrito: o Oriente. Não somente um Oriente geográfico, mas um Oriente como origem ancestral para os anglo-saxões. A palavra Níðwundor (terrível maravilha) resume todos os paradoxos e semelhanças deste Oriente construído pelos anglo-saxões e escolhido como tema para unir estes textos no manuscrito / The aim of this study is identify how happened the choice, around the year 1000, of Old English texts gathered in the manuscript known as Nowell Codex or Beowulf manuscript. The manuscript focused on here is the part called Nowell Codex, which added to Southwick Codex, includes the Cotton Vitellius A.xv, now held by the British Library in London. The Nowell Codex consists of the following texts: Life of Saint Christopher, in prose; Wonders of the East, in prose; Letter of Alexander to Aristotle, in prose; Beowulf, and Judith, in poetry. By be sought for understanding the thematic unity of the manuscript, it is essential to touch codicológicas issues along with the context, that is, material issues regarding the production of the codex. This approach has been very little explored by scholars who have devoted themselves to the Nowell Codex texts, especially those engaged in the poem Beowulf. It is argued here that the texts were chosen because of a similarity in a larger arc of ideas which all the contents of the manuscript: the East. This East is not only a geographical East, but it is an East as ancestral origin to the Anglo-Saxons. The word Níðwundor (terrible wonder) summarizes all the paradoxes and similarities of the East as is thought by the Anglo-Saxons and chosen as a theme to unite these texts in the manuscript