Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-10T11:12:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Priscila Mamed Ali.pdf: 3876677 bytes, checksum: 624534c0b7f0189367b6335d2ec4229a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-10T11:12:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Priscila Mamed Ali.pdf: 3876677 bytes, checksum: 624534c0b7f0189367b6335d2ec4229a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of this research was to identify the statuos of the organization and hygiene problems found in the free markets of Afogados, Casa Amarela, Cordeiro e São José, in the city of Recife-PE. The methodologies adopted which supported this research were: questionnaires for consumers and merchants, in the field research, interviews with managers of trade bodies and government agencies, research bibliographic and photographic record. Such research has identified organizational problems regarding standardization of stalls / booths, difficult access and flow, human organ neglect sanitary supervision both in the handling of products, as environmental hygiene. They also identified the non periodicity of garbage collection causing bad smell due to perishable food. It was also observed that the fairs do not meet the requirements established by Csurb, and that most researched fairs are in a state of complete abandon. The results are presented through tables, graphs and pictures, which show the need for a revision to the rules of organization of fairs and training courses to promote the vendors regarding food handling, maintain by the government to collect garbage and inspection of fairs. / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar aspectos organizacionais e de qualidade dos processos de comercialização de produtos hortifrutícolas bem como analisar algumas características dos atores da demanda e da oferta nas principais feiras livres associadas aos mercados públicos do Recife. As metodologias adotadas que subsidiaram esta pesquisa foram: aplicação de questionários para consumidores e feirantes, em pesquisa de campo, entrevista com orgãos gestores das feiras e orgãos públicos, pesquisa bibliografica envolvendo a revisão de dissertações, jornais, revistas, artigos e registro fotográfico. A referida pesquisa identificou problemas de organização em relação a padronização das bancas/barracas, dificuldade de acesso e de fluxo humano, o descaso de orgãos sanitários na fiscalização tanto da manipulação dos produtos, quanto da higienização do ambiente. Também foi identificada a não periodicidade da coleta de lixo causando mau cheiro devido a pericividade dos alimentos. Observou-se ainda, que as feiras não cumprem as exigências estabelecidas pela Csurb, e que a maior parte das feiras pesquisadas estão em estado de completo abandono. Os resultados são apresentados por meio de tabelas, gráficos e imagens, que apontam a necessidade de uma revisão para as regras de organização das feiras livres bem como promover cursos de capacitação para os feirantes referente a manipulação de alimentos, manter por parte do governo a coleta de lixo e a fiscalização das feiras livres.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:53:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:02:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Com a redução das barreiras tarifárias ao comércio internacional, as normas técnicas, regulamentos técnicos e procedimentos de avaliação da conformidade vêm se tornando importantes mecanismos protecionistas e de restrição ao comércio. Esse trabalho tem por objetivo estudar essas questões, tendo como foco principal a exportação para a União Européia dos equipamentos eletromédicos produzidos por pequenas e médias empresas brasileiras. Realiza-se uma revisão bibliográfica buscando-se identificar e comparar as normas técnicas, os regulamentos técnicos e os mecanismos de avaliação da conformidade para os dispositivos eletromédicos, praticados pela União Européia e os vigentes no Brasil. É desenvolvida uma pesquisa junto a PMEs Pequenas e Médias Empresas fabricantes de dispositivos eletromédicos e exportadores para a União Européia, buscando-se identificar as dificuldades encontradas, as formas de superação dessas e os apoios recebidos. É elaborado um método, baseado nas experiências estudadas e adquiridas a partir da pesquisa junto às PMEs, para a identificação e superação das dificuldades técnicas para a exportação dos equipamentos eletromédicos para a União Européia. Conclui-se que não existem propriamente barreiras técnicas e que as dificuldades enfrentadas pelas empresas podem ser superadas com a participação nos fóruns de normalização, apoio técnico dos institutos tecnológicos, apoio financeiro das agências governamentais de fomento e investimentos em pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Abstract A procedure is defined for commercializing slags arising as by-products of steelmaking, and this is used to develop certain products. The outcome of the present work comprised three products or groups of products: 1) slag-based binding agents, 2) a road structure improved by means of stabilization with such binding agents, and 3) a procedure for designing stabilized structures. The commercialization procedure was drawn up by examining the technical properties of the initial materials, excluding environmental acceptability and the mechanisms of their chemical reactions. The research proceeded in stages, of which the first was a reconsideration of the results presented in the author's licentiate thesis concerning factors affecting the stabilization of road construction aggregates with blast-furnace slag-based binding agents and their significance. This was followed by a series of experiments designed to test the validity of these results. At the third stage the selection of slag-based binding agents was extended to include LD steel slag products, while the final stage consisted of the implementation of a set of test structures and associated preliminary experiments and monitoring measurements. The binding properties of three blast-furnace slag products and three LD steel slag products, used separately or in various combinations, were examined in the course of this work, taking cement as a reference material. Materials were then eliminated as the research proceeded, either on account of their poor binding properties or on economic grounds. The final construction experiments were performed with three combinations: cement-activated granulated blast-furnace slag, LD steel slag-activated granulated blast-furnace slag and a mixture of ground granulated blast-furnace slag and cement. The actual novel product among the slag-based binding agents to be introduced here is LD steel slag-activated granulated blast-furnace slag, which was found to be similar in its technical properties to cement-activated granulated blast-furnace slag. Structural layers stabilized with these two binding agents showed very similar bearing capacities, although the former did not reach the same compression strengths at an age of 91 days. The reasons for these similarities lay in a larger amount of binding agent used when activated with LD steel slag and the greater thickness of the stabilized layer, factors which both tended to compensate for the poorer compression strength. The new information gained on the properties of cement-activated granulated blast-furnace slag and the mixture of ground granulated blast-furnace slag and cement opens up fresh opportunities for selecting binding agents and designing road structures. Formulae were developed here for predicting the uniaxial compression strength at 91 days, used as a stabilization criterion, from the value for a sample taken at 28 days, a technique which will speed up the assessment of stabilization results, especially when using slowly reacting slag-based binding agents.

Master of Science / Department of Agricultural Economics / Vincent R. Amanor-Boadu / Interest in commercialization of university research has accelerated since the Bayh-Dole Act (1980) granted authority to universities and federally-funded nonprofit institutions, among others, to obtain patents, grant licenses, and transfer custody of patents with the explicit purpose of promoting the utilization and marketing of their inventions. This interest is supported by these institutions' need to expand their funding sources as growth in their traditional funding has lagged their needs. This study seeks to assess the level of understanding of research commercialization and entrepreneurship aspects by the faculty researchers nearly 10 years after Bayh-Dole Act using a survey of university faculty. The results show that there is indeed the desire to move research from universities to the marketplace through technology commercialization and entrepreneurship, but there is need for educational programs to enhance the current perceptions about the commercialization and entrepreneurship among faculty. We show that this need is independent of the demographic characteristics of faculty but influenced the university's policies covering intellectual property and commercialization.

Master of Science / Department of Agricultural Economics / Vincent R. Amanor-Boadu / The promulgation of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, a declining share of federal research expenditures to the university, and the enforcement of intellectual property rights have contributed to the evolution of university research missions. This thesis sought to understand how the intellectual property policies and commercialization initiatives at research universities affect their commercialization activities and intensity. The ability of universities to engage in commercialization activities is dependent on the willingness of the researchers to disclose their inventions. We used cross-sectional data from AUTM (Association of University Technology Managers) and other sources to evaluate the effect universities intellectual property policies and other factors on faculty willingness to disclose their inventions and discoveries. The research revealed that universities' commercialization efforts have been intensifying over the years and across the institution. Intellectual property policies were found to have insignificant effect on the number of disclosures. This supports earlier research that has shown many faculty members were ignorant about such policies. On the other hand, licensing revenue, which basically goes to fund future research, was a very significant factor in disclosures and hence commercialization initiatives at universities.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This thesis examines livelihoods in the wake of agricultural commercialization under the Revitalization of Smallholder Irrigation Schemes (RESIS) Programme and similar revitalization initiatives within the Olifants River Basin in Limpopo Province. The focus is on contractual joint ventures and strategic partnerships implemented within selected smallholder irrigation schemes. The thesis is based primarily on in-depth empirical studies conducted between October 2003 and March 2009 in three sites located in two Integrated Sustainable Rural Development Programme (ISRDP) poverty nodes namely, Greater Sekhukhune and Vhembe Districts. To a lesser extent, the thesis draws on findings from rapid appraisals of five additional study sites in Greater Sekhukhune District. Research findings showed that the performance of joint ventures and strategic partnerships had so far largely fallen short of expectations. With the exception of a minority of smallholders involved in RESIS-Recharge strategic partnerships, the promise of higher incomes and improved livelihoods had often remained elusive, while debts and potential losses of often meagre household assets loomed large, threatening to erode existing livelihoods and undermine government interventions. This was mainly because ‘viability’ in both the RESIS and RESIS-Recharge phases was narrowly seen in economic and technical terms, such that reduction of transaction costs often entailed the divesting of responsibilities to address issues of rural poverty and inequality. Subsistence production had largely given way to commercially-orientated farming, and weak monitoring of contract formulation and implementation meant that voices of marginalized poor and vulnerable people, particularly women and the elderly, were not being heard. Research findings further revealed that while RESIS-Recharge strategic partnerships increased incomes for a minority of smallholders, such arrangements did not meaningfully improve the productive, managerial and marketing skills of smallholders to ensure their effective participation in agriculture. Rather, strategic partnerships were creating a small class of black ‘arm-chair’ farmers, who played little or no active role and obtained few or no skills in commercial farming but perpetually depended upon and drew incomes from agribusiness initiatives run by externally-based agents. Adjunct to questions of sustainability for these farmers’ ability to participate in commercial farming, the thesis raises the question: What is the rationale for joint ventures and strategic partnerships in the context of South Africa’s Agricultural Sector Strategy objectives for support to black farmers? Contracts lacked mechanisms for equitable distribution of costs and benefits between contracted private partners and targeted smallholders, on the one hand, and the rest of members of local communities, on the other hand. Contracts also lacked provisions for postproject recapitalization of infrastructure and rehabilitation of degraded land. This raised questions about the longer term sustainability of productivity, natural resource base and livelihood security in smallholder irrigation schemes. The conclusion of this thesis is that the challenge of reducing rural poverty and inequality in smallholder irrigation schemes might not be resolved through existing institutional approaches to agricultural commercialization.

MSCAGR / Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness / The study was conducted in the Mutale Local Municipality, Vhembe District of South Africa on a proportionally randomly selected sample of 153 smallholder farmers after clustering them into agricultural zones and commodity groupings (vegetables under irrigation, dryland maize and citrus fruit farming). Data were collected through a structured qualitative and quantitative questionnaire that was administered face-to-face to respondents and captured into the SPSS Version 24 computer program. The same program was used to analyse data through cross tabulations and logistic regression modelling. In particular, the study focussed on the impact of socio-economic characteristics, challenges that farmers face and views of extension officers on transforming subsistence farmers towards commercialization. The most critical findings of the study were dominance of women, lower youth participation, poor training and educational achievements, non-membership to agricultural organizations, low income levels and dependence on social grants and lack of credit as factors that could impact on farmers’ transformation process. Farmers’ challenges that could impact on transformation were identified as lack of production inputs, water, access to market and supportive infrastructure such as mechanization. However, the views of extension officers regarding transformation centred mostly around insufficient land holdings, climate change and financial support. In contrast to farmers, extension officers viewed market access as a minor challenge. The study recommended for development of strategies that could increase youth participation in farming such as start-up credit, reduction of dependence on social grants by adopting strategies that could increase productivity and thus income, exposure to funding opportunities through training and increased involvement of institutions of higher learning into smallholder farming activities.

Ancient Egypt is renowned for its extensive use of beauty products, but the image of Ancient Egypt modern media presents to consumers today barely expresses the importance of these products and practices. This paper details the production, application process, and function of these products and describes their importance in relation to modern society. The four functions of cosmetics (Religion, Aesthetics, Status, Health) are used to examine why beauty rituals are important to the Egyptian society, and modern beauty trends are contrasted with those of Ancient Egypt. Culture and industry movements and their catalysts explain the connection between past and present beauty ideals and standards. Overall, this paper determines Ancient Egypt’s profound impact on the modern beauty culture.

In this essay I will show the changes and continuity expressed in the official journal for the Swedish sports movement, Svensk Idrott. More precisely, the purpose of this essay is to investigate how the ideals of the Swedish sports movement changed or remained the same during the period 1929-1979. To further enable me to answer this my questions are as follows: What goals does the journal wish to achieve? Which groups and persons do they want to reach? How do they wish to work to achieve this? My material is the official journal for the Swedish sports movement Svensk Sport. It was a journal founded in 1929 with the expressed purpose of showing the work, goals and other aspects of Riksidrottsförbundet as well as to promote the sports movement. It eventually ended in 2013, but I have chosen to end my investigation of it in 1979 due to economic changes that caused the sports world as a whole to drastically change. My results are that due to economical and ideological changes related to commercialisation, amateuristic ideals and a democratic and feministic push within the larger people's movement changed Svensk Sport from a journal propagating amaturistic ideals with the man in focus to a journal propagating a sports for all people with less hostility to sports as a career choice.

Scholars often focus on the beginning or ending stages of new venture development without attending to the “middle stage of entrepreneurship, where innovations are developed, but lack market traction. While scholars recognize that innovations travel tenuous pathways that initiate at idea conception and culminate in commercialization, less research investigates the role entrepreneurs play in fostering the adoption of their own innovations within incumbent organizations. How do novel technologies and innovations gain organizational adoption and grow in market relevancy? To examine this overarching question, I conducted a 24-month field study of 54 entrepreneurial firms matriculating through a digital health accelerator, and the customer organizations (health systems, pharmaceutical companies and insurers), investors, government officials (local and state) engaging with the entrepreneurial firms to further their innovations. Each chapter of my dissertation draws upon this data to explore derivatives of this overarching question at different levels of analysis: (1) entrepreneurial firm; (2) the evolution of each firm’s underlying innovation; and (3) dyadic - between an entrepreneurial firm and an adopting organization.In the first paper of my dissertation, I focus on how entrepreneurial firms engage in market search: information gathering activities that probe whether an innovation can meet market needs, to gain traction for their innovations. By tracing each firms’ search and learning practices, I identified three market search processes. Transactional searchers engaged in selective search, reluctantly revising their innovations in response to limited feedback. Confirmatory searchers engaged in broad search but selective learning, resisting adaptation of their innovations. Diagnostic searchers engaged in broad search and learned from ambiguous feedback to adapt their innovations, discovering new sources of value and revenue. By attending to all three search processes, I contribute a grounded theoretical explanation of how entrepreneurial firms vary in the ways they make progress toward market traction. In doing so, I reveal the hidden costs of market search and show how only some entrepreneurs surmount those costs.In the second paper, I examine how entrepreneurial firms repurpose their existing innovations to develop new use-cases and expand their market scope. Scholars frequently suggest that to grow, entrepreneurial firms must stay the course and scale existing capabilities, or pivot in entirely new directions. Yet these prescriptions neglect the recombinant process by which firms decompose and repurpose their existing innovations without straying from their strategic course. With detailed analysis of 58 use-cases from 54 entrepreneurial firms innovating in digital health, I show how entrepreneurial firms varied in their pursuit of organizational adoption. I show that when entrepreneurs pursued a customer centric process, they developed disruptive ways to repurpose their innovations, but strategically paced the introduction of these extensions to seed adoption. Firms that leveraged a market centric process, also developed novel ways to repurpose their innovations, but immediately deployed all aspects of their innovations in attempt to beat the competition. Only a customer centric process aided entrepreneurs in gaining organizational adoption for their innovations. By unpacking the recombinant process by which entrepreneurial firms create new uses for existing innovations, I contribute a critical mechanism that helps explain how entrepreneurial firms gain adoption for their innovations as they grow. The third paper explores how novel innovations are adopted when they threaten to displace adopting organizations’ work practices. With a novel data set of 13 dyadic pairs formed between six entrepreneurial firms and three prospective customer organizations, I analyze how entrepreneurs revised and repositioned their innovations to address each organization’s concerns. All six entrepreneurial firms had developed innovations that utilized machine learning to perform medical diagnostics work. By exploring the process of adoption between pairs of entrepreneurs and adopters, I induct the contingencies that trigger different strategies within the same firm. I show how outside innovators can play different roles in determining how digital innovations displace work and power relations.