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Thesis (M.S.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2004. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Suzanne Christopher. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-60).

Les tourbillons de sillage d’avion sont sources de problèmes économiques, environnementaux et de sécurité, et par conséquent ont fait l’objet de très nombreuses recherches depuis plusieurs dizaines d’années. Le sillage est composé d’une paire de tourbillons contrarotatifs qui perdurent longtemps après le passage de l’avion. Dans cette thèse la dynamique non linéaire de ces tourbillons desillage est examinée par Simulation Numérique Directe. L’objectif est d’étudier les comportements non linéaires des tourbillons de sillage et d’évaluer le potentiel de destruction anticipée des tourbillons par la perturbation optimale. Dans un premier temps, le potentiel destructeur de la perturbation optimale linéaire est estimé en l’appliquant aux tourbillons avec une amplitude initiale croissante et en observant la réponse non linéaire de l’écoulement. Une amplitude raisonnable suffit pour que la perturbation optimale linéaire réduise de moitié la durée de vie des tourbillons en accélérant une perte de cohérence des structures après l’étape de reconnexion. Par la suite, l’outil d’optimisation non linéaire développé au cours de la thèse est validé par la reproduction de résultats existants concernant un écoulement simple: un toubillon 2D isolé. De nouveaux résultats d’optimisation non linéaire sont obtenus et analysés. En particulier, la perturbation optimale non linéaire 2D d’un tourbillon isolé peut générer une croissance transitoire bien plus élevée que la perturbation optimale linéaire. Dans certains cas la perturbation optimale non linéaire provoque une transition vers un état non axisymétrique quasi-stationnaire,contournant ainsi le processus naturel d’axisymétrisation. De plus, l’effet de la distribution de vorticité dans le coeur du tourbillon sur les perturbations optimales est étudié. Les tourbillons ayant un profil plus raide que les tourbillons Gaussiens subissent une croissance transitoire linéaire plus élevée mais une croissance non linéaire plus faible. Enfin, l’analyse de perturbation optimale non linéaire est étendue aux perturbations 3D. Bien que les perturbations optimales non linéaires 3D produisent moins d’amplification, des transitions vers des états énergétiques et persistants sont observées. / Aircraft wakes have been the subject of extensive research for several decades as it poses economic, safety and environmental issues. The wake is composed of powerful counter-rotating vortices that persist long after the aircraft has passed. In this thesis, the nonlinear dynamics of aircraft wake vortices is investigated through Direct Numerical Simulation. The aim is to explore the nonlinear effects on wake vortex behaviour and evaluate the potential for the anticipated destruction of the vortices through optimal perturbation. First the disruptive potential of the linear optimal perturbation of the flow is evaluated by applying it with increasing initial amplitude and observing the nonlinear response of the flow. With sufficient yet reasonable initial amplitude the linear optimal perturbation halves the life-span of the vortex pair by accelerating the loss of coherence of the vortices after the linking phase. Next the nonlinear gradient-based optimisation tool that was developed during the thesis is validated by reproducing existing results concerning a simple vortical flow: an isolated two-dimensional vortex. In doing so new nonlinear optimisation results are obtained and analysed. In particular it is shown that the 2D nonlinear optimal perturbation of an isolated vortex can induce considerably greater transient growth than the linear optimal. In some cases the nonlinear optimal causes a transition to a quasisteady asymmetric state, bypassing the natural axisymmetrisation process. The effect of the vortex vorticity profile on the optimal perturbations is also studied. Vortices with sharper profiles experiencefar greater linear perturbation growth, however the nonlinear growth is significantly inferior. Finally the nonlinear optimal perturbation analysis of the isolated vortex is extended to three dimensions. Although the 3D nonlinear optimals produce less growth than their linear counterparts, they can lead to quasi-permanent high energy states.

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Socialite Laura Penrose and a group of wealthy businessmen founded the New Orleans Chapter of the American Red Cross in 1916. The Chapter expanded in 1917 with the addition of two black Auxiliary Branches chartered by nurses Louise Ross and Sarah Brown. Although Jim Crow dictated the division between the Chapter and its Branches within the mostly female organization, racial barriers did not prohibit them from uniting for the cause of national relief. The American Red Cross differed from other forms of biracial Progressivism by the very nature of public relief work for a national charity. American Red Cross relief work brought women into public spaces for the war effort and pushed biracial cooperation between women in the Jim Crow South in a more public and patriotic direction than earlier efforts at social reform. Black women, in particular, used the benefit of relief work to promote racial uplift and stake a claim on American citizenship despite the disenfranchisement of their men.

Though many scholars have explored the memory of slavery in Southern literature, my project expands these readings through a hybrid critical methodology from the fields of trauma studies, African American studies, historiography, and psychoanalysis to articulate how texts about the antebellum past enable later Southern authors to imagine present and future race relations in the South. I analyze how the particularities of the myriad afterlives of slavery – particularly in the economic, social, and political subjugation and terrorization of African Americans – are expressed or repressed in literature about the antebellum past, and argue that these texts demonstrate the varying processes by which white supremacy is enacted in the Jim Crow era. I argue in my first chapter that the plantation fictions of Thomas Nelson Page and Joel Chandler Harris commingle ideologies of antebellum paternalism and contemporary white supremacy to cast the future South as one founded on the reimagining of black subservience. My second chapter examines how black authors Paul Laurence Dunbar and Charles Chesnutt revise plantation romance, their techniques of masking and doubling enabling them to create an alternative collective memory that exposes the trauma of slavery and the fictive constructs of paternalism. Nonetheless, their lack of success outside this accommodationist genre exposes the limitations of black voice. My third chapter considers the portrayal of race and racism in white Southern women’s writings about the Civil War; Margaret Mitchell and Caroline Gordon explore the idea of modern white female freedom as contingent upon the continued subjugation of African Americans. I argue that Mitchell’s and Gordon’s novels displace the history of slavery –in fact, erase its very presence –as a kind of fantasy of white supremacy in the 1930s. In my fourth chapter, I analyze how William Faulkner’s The Unvanquished fluctuates between anxiety about and aggrandizement of the antebellum past, thereby demonstrating the difficulties of modifying white Southern collective memory. The conclusion reads Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God through her protagonist’s constitution of a storied self, one which enables her to recuperate the traumatic past of slavery.

ABSTRACT Joseph Echols Lowery, a key founding member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, led the organization for twenty years. This study explores how Lowery, who took over during an era when many considered the civil rights movement dead, reenergized the SCLC, became a leading black spokesman who challenged Congress, presidents and the Justice Department around issues of voting rights and social justice, while consistently questioning U.S. hegemonic international and domestic policies around jobs and poverty. This research further investigates how Lowery fought for the continuation of affirmative action in the midst of an oftentimes hostile environment and waged campaigns against multi-national companies that discriminated against blacks and minorities. This qualitative empowerment study examines how and why Lowery and the SCLC became the leading non-Muslim influence on the 1995 Million Man March and his role in affirming women leaders and their initiatives.

An unnoticed shift is underway in the revanchist model of accumulation by dispossession (Harvey, 2005) that is rebranding the neoliberal reorganization of space and economic growth. I call this shift “Urban Revanchism as Sustainability,” following Mike Davis and Daniel Monk (2007). In this study, I describe how Tampa elites, led by Democratic Mayor Bob Buckhorn, use politically popular discourses of ‘sustainability’, ‘walkability’, ‘bike-ability’, among others, to coopt the rhetoric and symbols of social and environmental justice as cover for urban capital accumulation. I describe how in the wake of 2008 which devastated Tampa, and in the context of the subsequent gentrification of downtown Tampa, this sustainable urban revitalization strategy is being used to legitimize accumulation by dispossession of the most sought-after land on the downtown waterfront. This ‘green’ mode of enforcing urban revanchism is a politically charged, class-based process that is based on the prior militarization of the city police and securitization of urban space, contradicting the principles of social and environmental sustainability (Agyeman, 2003). Based on ethnographic observations, interviews, newspaper reviews, and document analysis, I show how an environmental facade is being layered over exclusionary forms of racial displacement and class exploitation. As such, the rebranding of a system of militarized exclusion and displacement which amounts to a selective neo-liberal “right to the city” is being normalized across the downtown riverfront. The resulting new waterfront city valorizes individualized entertainment and consumption for elites and privileged business professionals, at the same that it discourages collective solidarity and care among the dwindling middle- and working classes, and enforces private competition among the poor and unemployed.

Orientador: Guilherme Elias Pessanha Henriques / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T02:52:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Torres_JoseWalterMurta_M.pdf: 1252099 bytes, checksum: 8a9ecb06692b975d77a7808edbe5eeec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Padrões de fundição de restaurações protéticas metálicas são usualmente confeccionados em cera. Todavia, especula-se que possa haver aumento nos valores de desajuste marginal, causado por alterações dimensionais ocorridas quando da remoção dos padrões previamente à inclusão em revestimento. Assim, a resina acrílica quimicamente ativada tornou-se uma opção e seu uso rotineiro em laboratórios comerciais. O titânio possui propriedades como biocompatibilidade, baixa condutividade térmica, baixo custo e alta resistência mecânica, tornando-se o material preferido para implantes e o foco de inúmeros estudos visando seu uso em restaurações e coroas protéticas. Visando o menor desajuste marginal possível é recomendado pelo fabricante do sistema de fundição de titânio o uso de cera para a confecção dos padrões, não havendo avaliações do uso de resina acrílica para este fim. Foi propósito deste estudo comparar o desajuste marginal de coroas unitárias fundidas em titânio comercialmente puro (Ti CP - Tritan; Dentaurum, Alemanha), utilizando-se cera (como controle) e as resinas acrílicas Duralay (Reliance Dental Mfg, Co., EUA) e Pattern Resin (GC America Inc., EUA) na confecção dos padrões. Dez dentes bovinos foram preparados para restaurações tipo coroa total, moldados com silicone e replicados em gesso tipo IV. Dez padrões de fundição com 0,7 mm de espessura foram confeccionados para cada grupo (n=10). As coroas foram fundidas em titânio comercialmente puro em máquina de fundição por plasma e vácuo. Após a fundição, as coroas foram removidas do revestimento e ajustadas nos troquéis e nos dentes correspondentes. Para a leitura dos desajustes marginais foi utilizado um microscópio de medição com precisão de 0,5µm, sendo efetuadas 3 leituras em cada conjunto padrão/dente preparado. Os valores obtidos foram tabulados e submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Foram verificados desajustes de 151µm para as coroas fundidas a partir dos padrões em cera, de 153µm para os padrões obtidos em resina Duralay e de 165µm para as fundições obtidas por padrões em resina Pattern. Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos avaliados, estando estes dentro de valores próximos a 150µm / Abstract: Patterns for casting metallic restorations are usually obtained from wax. However, it is speculated that increased marginal misfits could be created caused by dimensional changes during the removal of the pattern from the cast. Therefore, chemically activated acrylic resin is a routinely option in dental commercial laboratories. The characteristics of titanium include biocompatibility, low thermal conductivity, low cost and high mechanical resistance becoming the material of choice for implants and the focus of innumerous studies in prosthetic field such as crowns. To obtain the lowest marginal misfit in crowns, it is recommended that titanium appliances should be cast using wax as pattern, with no evaluation on the use of acrylic resin for this purpose. The aim of this study was to compare the marginal adjustment of crowns cast in commercially pure titanium (CP Ti - Tritan; Dentaurum, Germany)using wax (control), and the acrylic resins Duralay (Reliance Dental, Mfg Co., USA) and Pattern Resin (GC America Inc., USA) as patterns. Ten bovine teeth were prepared for full crown restorations. Impressions were made in silicone material and replicated in type IV dental stone. Ten 0.7 mm-casting patterns were made for each groups. The crowns were cast in CP Ti in a plasma-vacuum casting machine. After casting, the crowns were removed from the investment and adjusted on the respective preparation. For the marginal misfit readings, a 0.5µm-traveling microscope was used. Three readings were taken from each crown-preparation interface. The means were calculated and submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% probability lever. Misfits of 151µm were obtained for the crowns cast using wax as patterns; 153µm when Duralay was used; and, 165µm for the crowns made from Pattern Resin. No significant differences were seen among the groups, and the values about 150µm / Mestrado / Protese Dental / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica