Buscamos discutir e identificar os efeitos de três mecanismos de transmissão cultural utilizados pelos participantes em 4 arranjos experimentais: Arranjo Experimental I: a) contato com os materiais produzidos pelas gerações prévias; b) contato com a geração prévia na coparticipação e; c) contato com as gerações prévias através da observação Arranjo Experimental II: contato com os materiais produzidos pelas gerações prévias; Arranjo Experimental III: ) contato com as gerações prévias através da observação e; Arranjo Experimental IV: contato com a geração prévia na coparticipação. Os participantes tiveram de desenhar um Barco em três situações distintas. Cada situação foi identificada como: Fase A, B e C. Desenvolvemos entrevistas curtas nos intervalos de cada fase com vistas a identificar construções de significados de cada participante frente ao que os tocaram nas tarefas. Nosso estudo partiu de uma reorganização do projeto desenvolvido por Caldwell e Millen (2008) onde as autoras buscaram, desde um olhar evolucionista da cultura, identificar a perpetuação de produtos das atividades ao longo das gerações de participantes. Diferentemente de Caldwell e Millen, partimos de uma proposta teórico-metodológica advinda da disciplina nomeada como Psicologia Cultural onde se pretende estudar, discutir e se posicionar perante as complexas relações que as pessoas estabelecem consigo, com os outros e com a cultural em seu mundo, nesta perspectiva as novidades emergentes nas relações ganham maiores destaque em comparação com as regularidades e perpetuações. Com isso, consideramos neste estudo a cultura como sendo estruturas (estabilidades) e processos interativos (variações) que restringem e permitem as ações das pessoas em suas relações transformativas que são estabelecidas em seus mundo. É nesta medida, também, que compreendemos o processo de transmissão cultural como um constructo utilizado para estudarmos como as pessoas apreendem e transformam aspectos culturais de uma geração a outra. Como sínteses dos principais resultados destacamos que: 1) na interação indivíduo(s)-cultura(s) existe uma constate variação possibilitando, restringindo e permitindo a emergência de estabilidades e variações em dinâmicas bidirecionais e multidirecionais de transformação; 2) a observação da geração prévia e o contato com estas gerações através dos artefatos produzidos por elas promovem nítidas estabilidades nas produções e significações dadas pelos participantes da pesquisa em comparação com tarefas realizadas somente em coparticipação; 3) pudemos identificar a emergência de novidades, ora sutis, ora outra, bastante evidentes nas relações estabelecidas entre os participantes; 4) a relação participante-pesquisador-pesquisa ganha dimensões e implicações que merecem maior atenção no estudo de processos culturais, desde metodologias experimentais, em Psicologia Cultural. Portanto, notamos que a forma proposta neste estudo acerca de como vislumbrar a cultura e os caminhos teórico-metodológicos seguidos permitiu-nos trabalhar conceitualmente e experimentalmente sobre o processo de transmissão cultural e, portanto, sobre o estudo de processos culturais. Pudemos observar que além de nos dar indícios de que o processo de transmissão cultural garante a singularidade de cada cultura através da observação da geração prévia em ação, da coparticipação com ela e do contato com artefatos culturais (em diferentes graus e medidas), esta pesquisa nos permitiu questionar e cogitar estudos futuros sobre o fazer científicoexperimental em psicologia cultural / The interest of this research is to discuss and identify the effects of three cultural transmission mechanisms used by participants in 4 experimental arrangements: Experimental Arrangement I: a) contact with the materials produced by tradition; b) contact with the tradition of co-participation, and c) contact with the tradition through observation; Experimental Arrangement II: contact with the materials produced by tradition; Experimental Arrangement III: Contact with the tradition through observation and; Experimental Arrangement IV: Contact with the tradition through co-participation. The participants had to draw a \'boat\' in three different situations. Each situation has been identified as: Phase A, B and C. Interviews were carried out in short intervals of each phase in order to identify constructions meanings, variations and stabilities concerning the interpretation given by each participant in relation to what was noticed in the tasks. Our study was a reorganization of the project developed by Caldwell and Millen (2008) where the authors sought from a cultural evolutionary perspective, identifying the perpetuation of products of activities throughout the generations of participants. Unlike Caldwell and Millen, we from a theoretical and methodological proposal coming from the discipline called Cultural Psychology where intends to study, discuss and understand the complex relationships, in which, people establish themselves, with others and with the world in its cultural field, in this perspective the emergence of novelties in relations gain greater prominence compared to the regularities and perpetuations. Thus, in this study weve considered culture as structures (stabilities) and interactive processes (variations) that constrain and enable the actions of people in their transformative relationships that are established in their world. Also, Cultural transmission is a construct used to understand the process in which cultural aspects are apprehended by people that interact with different cultures or between different generations within a culture. Main Results: 1) the individual(s)-culture(s) relations constraining and enabling the emergence of stability and variations in a dynamic bidirectional and multidirectional process, 2) the observation of the previous generation and contact with these generations through the artifacts produced by they promote more stabilities in products and meanings given by the participants in their tasks in comparison with coparticipation, 3) were able to identify the emergence of novelties, sometimes subtle, sometimes quite evident, in relationships established among the participants, 4) the relationship participantresearcher acquire dimensions and implications that deserve more attention in the study of cultural processes, from experimental methodologies, in Cultural Psychology. Therefore, weve noticed that the form proposed in this study about how to foresee the culture and theoretical-methodological ways followed, allowed us to work conceptually and experimentally on the process of cultural transmission and, therefore, on the study of cultural processes. Weve observed that besides giving us evidence that the process of cultural transmission ensures the uniqueness of each culture through observation of the previous generation in action, the joint participation with it and contact with cultural artifacts (in different degrees and measures), this research allowed us to question and contemplate future studies on the scientific-experimental in cultural psychology

Archaeological research at the Cerro Ventarrón and Collud-Zarpán complex, which began in 2007, has revealed the origins and emergence of early civilization in the Lambayeque Valley. The Huaca Ventarrón Temple was the core of a primeval ceremonial center whose first phase is dated around 2035-2300 BC. This center complex includes the archaeological site of Arenal, located on a hillslope to the southwest. The site has 1 square kilometer of Archaic Period monumental architecture. During the Formative Period, probably beginning in the Initial Period, the Collud-Zarpán site, situated at the northeast end of the Huaca Ventarrón Complex, was the valley’s theocratic capital. It covered more than 2 square kilometers of ceremonial architecture spread between two mounds aligned east to west. / Las investigaciones arqueológicas en el área del cerro Ventarrón y el complejo Collud-Zarpán, iniciadas en 2007, han permitido conocer las características del origen y florecimiento de la civilización en el valle de Lambayeque. El Templo o Huaca Ventarrón, ubicado al pie de la elevación del mismo nombre, fue el núcleo de un primigenio centro ceremonial cuya fase inicial ha sido fechada alrededor de 2035 a 2300 A.C. En esta zona también se ubica el sitio de Arenal, situado en la falda suroeste de cerro Ventarrón. Este conjunto presenta alrededor de 1 kilómetro cuadrado de arquitectura monumental del Periodo Arcaico. Por su parte, durante el Periodo Formativo —y, tal vez, desde el Periodo Inicial—, el complejo Collud-Zarpán, localizado al noroeste de Huaca Ventarrón, constituyó la capital teocrática del valle y abarcó más de 2 kilómetros cuadrados de arquitectura ceremonial repartida entre dos montículos alineados en sentido Este-Oeste.

Através da análise da variabilidade da indústria cerâmica nos espaços intra e intersítios em dois assentamentos a céu aberto relacionados a grupos ceramistas pré-coloniais filiados às tradições Aratu e Uru e localizados no médio curso do rio Tocantins, este estudo objetivou fornecer parâmetros para o debate acerca de processos de interação cultural entre estes grupos ceramistas, que segundo alguns autores teriam motivado e configurado a ocupação humana pré-colonial do Brasil Central desde pelo menos o século X da era Cristã. Por meio dos testes estatísticos de Cluster e Componente Principal tal variabilidade é avaliada no intuito de compreender a organização do uso do espaço intra-sítio, bem como o grau de interação presente entre os assentamentos estudados / Through the analysis of the variability of the ceramic industry in the intrasite and intersite spaces in two open air pre-colonial settlements related the ceramist groups associated to the traditions Aratu and Uru and located in the middle course of the Tocantins River, this study objectified to supply parameters the debate concerning processes of cultural interaction between these ceramist groups, that according to some authors would have motivated and configured the pre-colonial occupation human of Central Brazil since at least century X. By means of the statistical tests of Cluster and Principal Component such variability is evaluated in intention to understand the organization of the use of the intrasite space, as well as the degree of present interaction between the studied settlements

Caribbean immigrants' challenges with acculturation following immigration to the United States, could result in acculturative stress, discrimination, stereotyping, and mental health issues. This study examined the relationship between cultural levels of interaction (LCI), acculturation orientation levels (AOLs), and acculturation levels (ALs) as well as examined the relationship between acculturative stress levels (ASLs), mental health problems, and discrimination/ stereotyping among Caribbean immigrants, age 25-54, in a northeast U.S. metro. Bourhis' interactive acculturation model was the theoretical foundation for this study. It was hypothesized that (a) there would be a relationship between LCI measured in language, food, religion, and education and AOL or AL and (b) there would be a relationship between ASL and mental health problems (negative coping, depression, anxiety, and general life stress) or discrimination/ stereotyping. This research used a survey design, with 138 participants; analyses included Pearson correlations and multivariate multiple linear regression. Results revealed that the LCI group was significantly associated with Caribbean immigrants' AOLs, but food was not significant to their ALs. Additionally, ASL was significantly related to discrimination/ stereotyping, depression, anxiety, general life stress, and negative coping. This research may facilitate social change by urging clinicians to more effectively address preventive care for mental health problems in Caribbean immigrants. Educating society about the economic and other contributions of this population could also decrease discrimination/ stereotyping. Further, the study's findings may lead to initiatives for transitioning new arriving Caribbean immigrants.

En la actualidad, a causa del creciente impacto de las redes sociales en la vida diaria de los ciudadanos, específicamente los jóvenes, diferentes movimientos políticos y sociales se desarrollan a través del internet. Investigadoras del feminismo han manifestado la importancia de la presencia de esta lucha en redes sociales y blogs (Keller, 2011). Por otra parte, las librerías feministas son espacios que brindan la posibilidad de interacción con otras compañeras del movimiento, una selección de libros que apunta a este movimiento social y la posibilidad de un espacio seguro de expresión individual y grupal (Liddle, 2018). La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal analizar el papel que cumplen las librerías feministas en Instagram dentro del ciberactivismo de este movimiento. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se han seleccionado 3 librerías feministas que se desenvuelven en la plataforma de Instagram: Anonyma Librería, Casa de Cuervos y La Siamesa de Siam. Asimismo, para la recolección de datos se seleccionó la herramienta de la entrevista semiestructurada, la cual posibilita un acercamiento de mayor profundidad con el sujeto entrevistado. / Nowadays, because of the growing impact of social networks on the daily life of citizens, specifically young people, different political and social movements are developing through the Internet. Feminist researchers have expressed the importance of the presence of this struggle in social networks and blogs (Keller, 2011). Furthermore, feminist bookstores are spaces that offer the possibility of interaction with other colleagues in the movement, a selection of books that target this social movement and the possibility of a safe space for individual and group expression (Liddle, 2018). The main objective of this research is to analyze the role of feminist bookstores in Instagram within the cyberactivism of this movement. For the development of the research, three feminist bookstores have been selected to work on the Instagram platform: Anonyma Librería, Casa de Cuervos and La Siamese de Siam. Also, for the collection of data, the tool of the semi-structured interview was selected, which allows a more in-depth approach to the interviewed subject. / Trabajo de investigación

There is a wealth of studies which suggest that manager's positive perceptions/expectations can considerably influence organisational performance; unfortunately, little empirical evidence has been obtained from development studies. This first time research explores how Japanese aid workers' perceptions towards the local staff affects their behaviour and performance in cross-cultural project settings. Moreover, this research focuses on the perceptual and behavioural trait differences of successful and unsuccessful aid workers. With cooperation from Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), 244 valid responses were obtained from the aid workers (managers) through a webbased survey. As a result of statistical analysis, positive causal relationships were confirmed between perception related factors and behaviour related factors and the organisational performance variable. These results strongly suggest that aid worker¿s positive perceptions result in positive behaviour in local colleagues and subsequently higher organisational performance. In addition, it was discovered that the aid workers' positive perception/expectation about work and their local colleagues was related to higher organisational performance, whilst conversely, the negative perception on their part was generally associated with negative behaviour and lower organisational performance.Although the differences in perceptual tendencies suggested by that these findings apply to Japanese aid managers; however, as human nature is universal, positive perception and behaviour should bring out positive output in most organisations. It is recommended that there is a need for people-related and cross-cultural management skills to ensure successful future activities, and stress management competencies to maintain positive managerial perception on the part of aid workers. / Japan/World Bank Graduate Scholarship Program (JJ/WBGSP).

This research explores the peculiarity of doing business in modern China. The author focuses on the country's cultural characteristics, specifics of Chinese communication and management styles, subtleties of business etiquette and negotiations as well as development of online commerce and other aspects of business dealings in China in the context of cross-cultural interaction. / В работе рассматриваются особенности ведения бизнеса в современном Китае. Автор акцентирует внимание на характерных чертах культуры страны, специфике китайского стиля делового общения и менеджмента, тонкостях бизнес-этики и деловых переговоров, а также на развитии интернет-торговли и других аспектах деловой культуры Китая в контексте межкультурного взаимодействия.

One of the unsolved problems of modern science is whether the pre-Columbian peoples of the New World developed completely independently of cultural influences from the Old World or if there was a trans-oceanic contact? A number of scientists agree that there are many – and often remarkable – similarities between the cultures of pre-Columbian America and those of the Mediterranean world. Nevertheless, there is no agreement, as yet, on how cultural diffusion can be differentiated from independent invention. Scientific analysis shows that scholarly positions are often strongly pre-formed from paradigms (scientific based assumptions), which tend to hinder consideration of solid scientific data offered by geo-biology and its trans-disciplinary examination of the subject under investigation here. An unambiguous answer to the question, what historical processes led to the emergence of the ancient American agriculture, hasn\'t been given. However, the archaeological discovery of crops with clear trans-oceanic origin, in addition to advances in molecular biology, increasingly support the hypothesis that humans from the distant past influenced each other across the oceans at a much earlier stage. The vegetation and zoo-geography indicate, by numerous examples that some species could only have spread through perhaps unintentional (passive) human transmission [1]. There are two very old crops found in the „New World‟, which contradict the paradigm of a completely independent origin for American agriculture. These are the African Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria L.) and the ancestral cotton species (Gossypium herbaceum L.) of the domesticated spin able sub-genus of tetraploid cotton. The historical spread of both types has been under discussion for decades, especially in respect of trans-oceanic human contact with the American continent. There has also been a debate in the \"Old World\" ever since the discovery of nicotine and cocaine in Egyptian mummies, centering around whether \"New World\" plants (or the ingredients) might have been transmitted in the reverse direction, back to the presumed start in centers of the Ancient World\'s oldest civilizations.

Este trabalho se concentra na discussão sobre relações de cuidado em processos terapêuticoeducacionais junto a pessoas diagnosticadas com Transtorno do Espectro do autismo - TEA. Noções biomédicas descrevem o TEA como um transtorno do desenvolvimento que afeta as áreas da interação social, da comunicação, dos comportamentos e do processamento sensorial da pessoa (Whitman, 2015). Esta pesquisa se situa no Construtivismo Semiótico-Cultural em psicologia que favorece a compreensão sobre a relação pessoa-cultura focalizando um olhar sobre a construção de significados pertinentes a cultura pessoal e coletiva (Simão, 2010; Valsiner, 2012). As reflexões presentes neste trabalho partem da discussão de como os constructos teórico-metodológicos do Construtivismo Semiótico-Cultural em psicologia podem contribuir para a compreensão das dimensões do cuidado (Figueiredo, 2007) como processo terapêutico-educacional junto a pessoas diagnosticadas com TEA. Na metodologia articulam-se noções dialógicas de interpretação dos dados de pesquisa em trajetórias ascendentes e descendentes (Guimarães, 2016) que permitem o transitar sobre o Conhecimento Geral e Particular. Foram analisados dados de um experimento sobre processos de Transmissão Cultural, bem como dados coletados através do estudo de casos clínicos conduzidos no Centro Terapêutico-Educacional Potencializar CETEP localizado em Jundiaí/SP. Destaca-se que ao falar de compreensão e intervenção terapêutico-educacional sobre o desenvolvimento de pessoas diagnosticadas com TEA estão implicados processos: 1) ligados a níveis Filogenéticos, Ontogenéticos e Sociogenéticos de seleção/variação de formas pessoais e coletivas de funcionamento na relação pessoa-cultura (Darwin,1859/2002; Baldwin, 1896); 2) imbricados a níveis Microgenéticos, Mesogenéticos e Ontogenéticos de experiência afetiva humana na construção da cultura pessoal e coletiva (Valsiner, 1998, 2012a); 3) que guiam a forma de intervenção terapêutico-educacional junto a pessoas diagnosticadas com TEA a partir de relações de cuidado / This research concentrates in the discussion on care relationships regarding therapeuticeducational processes for people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is a developmental disorder affecting social interaction, communication, behavior and sensorial processing areas (Whitman, 2015). This thesis is oriented on Semiotic-Cultural Constructivism in psychology in ways that it helps to comprehend the relations between person-culture and to shed a light on meaning making processes related to the personal and collective culture (Simão, 2010; Valsiner, 2012). The ideas presented here have as a starting point the discussion on how the theoretic-methodological constructs of the Semiotic-Cultural Constructivism in psychology can contribute to comprehend the care dimension (Figueiredo, 2007) as a therapeuticeducational process with the people who are diagnosed with ASD. It is articulated in the methodology the dialogical notions of research data interpretation in ascendant and descendent trajectories (Guimarães, 2016) allowing a broad view about the General and Particular Knowledge. Data from an experiment on Cultural Transmission Processes were analyzed as well as data collected from clinical cases studies which were held on the Centro Terapêutico- Educacional Potencializar CETEP - located in Jundiaí, Sao Paulo. What is brought to light here is that when we talk on therapeutic-educational comprehension and intervention on people diagnosed with ASD, the following processes are implicated: 1) processes related to the Phylogenetic, Ontogenetic and Sociogenetic levels of personal and collective ways of selection/variation functioning within the person-culture relation (Darwin, 1859/2002; Baldwin, 1896); 2) interwoven to a Microgenetic, Mesogenetic and Ontogenetic levels of affective experiences within the personal and collective cultural development (Valsiner, 1998, 2012a); 3) that guide the therapeutic-educational intervention with the people diagnosed with ASD, considering the care relationship within them

Este trabalho se concentra na discussão sobre relações de cuidado em processos terapêuticoeducacionais junto a pessoas diagnosticadas com Transtorno do Espectro do autismo - TEA. Noções biomédicas descrevem o TEA como um transtorno do desenvolvimento que afeta as áreas da interação social, da comunicação, dos comportamentos e do processamento sensorial da pessoa (Whitman, 2015). Esta pesquisa se situa no Construtivismo Semiótico-Cultural em psicologia que favorece a compreensão sobre a relação pessoa-cultura focalizando um olhar sobre a construção de significados pertinentes a cultura pessoal e coletiva (Simão, 2010; Valsiner, 2012). As reflexões presentes neste trabalho partem da discussão de como os constructos teórico-metodológicos do Construtivismo Semiótico-Cultural em psicologia podem contribuir para a compreensão das dimensões do cuidado (Figueiredo, 2007) como processo terapêutico-educacional junto a pessoas diagnosticadas com TEA. Na metodologia articulam-se noções dialógicas de interpretação dos dados de pesquisa em trajetórias ascendentes e descendentes (Guimarães, 2016) que permitem o transitar sobre o Conhecimento Geral e Particular. Foram analisados dados de um experimento sobre processos de Transmissão Cultural, bem como dados coletados através do estudo de casos clínicos conduzidos no Centro Terapêutico-Educacional Potencializar CETEP localizado em Jundiaí/SP. Destaca-se que ao falar de compreensão e intervenção terapêutico-educacional sobre o desenvolvimento de pessoas diagnosticadas com TEA estão implicados processos: 1) ligados a níveis Filogenéticos, Ontogenéticos e Sociogenéticos de seleção/variação de formas pessoais e coletivas de funcionamento na relação pessoa-cultura (Darwin,1859/2002; Baldwin, 1896); 2) imbricados a níveis Microgenéticos, Mesogenéticos e Ontogenéticos de experiência afetiva humana na construção da cultura pessoal e coletiva (Valsiner, 1998, 2012a); 3) que guiam a forma de intervenção terapêutico-educacional junto a pessoas diagnosticadas com TEA a partir de relações de cuidado / This research concentrates in the discussion on care relationships regarding therapeuticeducational processes for people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is a developmental disorder affecting social interaction, communication, behavior and sensorial processing areas (Whitman, 2015). This thesis is oriented on Semiotic-Cultural Constructivism in psychology in ways that it helps to comprehend the relations between person-culture and to shed a light on meaning making processes related to the personal and collective culture (Simão, 2010; Valsiner, 2012). The ideas presented here have as a starting point the discussion on how the theoretic-methodological constructs of the Semiotic-Cultural Constructivism in psychology can contribute to comprehend the care dimension (Figueiredo, 2007) as a therapeuticeducational process with the people who are diagnosed with ASD. It is articulated in the methodology the dialogical notions of research data interpretation in ascendant and descendent trajectories (Guimarães, 2016) allowing a broad view about the General and Particular Knowledge. Data from an experiment on Cultural Transmission Processes were analyzed as well as data collected from clinical cases studies which were held on the Centro Terapêutico- Educacional Potencializar CETEP - located in Jundiaí, Sao Paulo. What is brought to light here is that when we talk on therapeutic-educational comprehension and intervention on people diagnosed with ASD, the following processes are implicated: 1) processes related to the Phylogenetic, Ontogenetic and Sociogenetic levels of personal and collective ways of selection/variation functioning within the person-culture relation (Darwin, 1859/2002; Baldwin, 1896); 2) interwoven to a Microgenetic, Mesogenetic and Ontogenetic levels of affective experiences within the personal and collective cultural development (Valsiner, 1998, 2012a); 3) that guide the therapeutic-educational intervention with the people diagnosed with ASD, considering the care relationship within them