Krčmářová Jana 2015 Title: Forgetting traditional agricultural knowledge in modernization. Interdisciplinry historical reconstruction of Czech agroforestry. Abstract: Corresponding with the tradition of current ecological and historical anthropology the study concentrated on reconstruction of transformation of one of the key complex human ecological relationships - modernization of agriculture. The roots of the changes are placed into 17th century Britain yet during the last centuries they spread over the globe and in some cases are still spreading. The process of agriculture modernization was enlightened with analysis of its local progression in the Czech Republic and in the light of mechanisms of cultural memory.. The establishment of modern industrial agriculture was described as forgetting of contemporary used agricultural knowledge during the application of new ideal agriculture form on the contemporary agricultural ecosystem. The new form was derived from the principles of modern economy, sciences and the availability of new technologies and was pushed forward by expert and economic elites and state. The form was applied on the biocultural system-landscape cultivated in majority of cases by thousand years present locals. The dialectical relationship between the new form, its application and the...

The thesis follows up the subject of Jews and Shoah in Czechoslovakia and Austria and their representation at the beginning of the 60s. By this time, the Eichmann-trial took place in Jerusalem. Finding out, how and how much did the trial influence the presentation of Jews and Jewish victims in cultural memories or rather policy of past of both societies in comparison is aim of the thesis. On this basis, it is possible to reveal both differences and similarities between the two societies. Even if they seem to be completely different because of being sepparated by the Iron Curtain. The thesis devides into two parts. First part deals with the situation in post-war Czechoslovakia and Austria till the beginning of the 60s. It shows, how were the societies "set" when the Eichmann-trial came - what were the "prejudices", what was the policy of past dealing with. Second part includes the analysis of press-articles taken from different Austrian and Czechoslovakian newspaper and magazines (daily, weekly and monthly). From general to concrete is the way of the analysis which enables to show as the wider frame of the reaction as answers to the concrete questions. Outcomes are evaluated as continuously, as in the final conclusion.

Dans cette thèse, nous analysons le Festival yougoslave du film documentaire et du court-métrage, dans le but de questionner la manière dont celui-ci a participé au processus de création d'une identité (nationale) commune dans deux contextes distincts et successifs – celui de la Yougoslavie socialiste multinationale (1943) et celui de la Yougoslavie postsocialiste, État serbe mono-national (1992). Parce qu’il montre des images de véritables personnes, des vrais lieux et des vraies situations, le documentaire, au lieu d'être perçu comme la vision artistique de la réalité, peut être confondu par le public avec la réalité elle-même. Dans cette optique, l'objectif de ce travail est de questionner à travers l'analyse des programmes du festival, le type de « réalité » qui était présenté aux différents publics à une époque marquée par la succession de deux régimes autoritaires, mais opposés sur le plan idéologique. L’analyse débute par la création du festival en 1954 et se conclue par son internationalisation en 2004. Il s’agit pour le festival, d’un adieu officiel à son passé yougoslave, plus d’une décennie après sa sortie effective du cadre yougoslave. / This thesis analyses the programs of the Yugoslav Documentary and Short Film Festival in order to examine how the festival participated in the creation of common (national) identities of two of its host-states – firstly, the multi-national socialist Yugoslavia (created in 1943) and secondly, the post-socialist Yugoslavia as a mono-national Serbian state (created in 1992). Due to its particular form, completely relying on the images ‘from the reality’ (real people, places and situations), the general audiences might tend to understand documentary cinema as a truthful representation of reality, instead of critically analyzing it as an artistic vision of reality. Bearing in mind the previous assessment, the study examines what kind of ‘reality’ was presented to the festival audiences in two distinct political periods, corresponding to the establishment of two different states, both born in wars, and both defined by authoritarian, but mutually opposing political regimes. The analysis starts with the creation of the festival in 1954 and ends with its internationalisation in 2004.

Krčmářová Jana 2015 Title: Forgetting traditional agricultural knowledge in modernization. Interdisciplinry historical reconstruction of Czech agroforestry. Abstract: Corresponding with the tradition of current ecological and historical anthropology the study concentrated on reconstruction of transformation of one of the key complex human ecological relationships - modernization of agriculture. The roots of the changes are placed into 17th century Britain yet during the last centuries they spread over the globe and in some cases are still spreading. The process of agriculture modernization was enlightened with analysis of its local progression in the Czech Republic and in the light of mechanisms of cultural memory.. The establishment of modern industrial agriculture was described as forgetting of contemporary used agricultural knowledge during the application of new ideal agriculture form on the contemporary agricultural ecosystem. The new form was derived from the principles of modern economy, sciences and the availability of new technologies and was pushed forward by expert and economic elites and state. The form was applied on the biocultural system-landscape cultivated in majority of cases by thousand years present locals. The dialectical relationship between the new form, its application and the...

In this MA thesis I want to examine if it is possible to be writing a historical narrative with other tools than words. Rufina Bazlova is a Belarusian textile artist, currently based in Prague, who is telling us her narrative about the falsified elections in Belarus held in August 2020. She does it using embroidery, strongly connected with traditional Belarusian symbols used in the crafts that has been an important source of belief in everyday life for women in Belarus since the early 11th century. What kind of narrative is the artist telling us? In what way can her embroidery be seen as cultural memories? I am using the methods formal analysis by Heinrich Wölfflin and iconography and iconology by Erwin Panofsky to explore the hidden meanings in five of Bazlovas embroidery pieces, Female solidarity, Parliament House, Streets of Belarus, Solidarity with Soligorsk and Run from a gun. They are all a part of the work of art named Belarusian Vyzyvanka. I am placing Bazlovas embroidery in the context of cultural memories by looking at them with the eyes of different researchers in the field of cultural memory studies. The thesis has a range from descripting the meaning of traditional textile symbols to implementing the methods of art history. I am continuing with placing the embroidery into the field of cultural memory studies and asking questions about freedom of speach and the political situation in Belarus today. I am looking back in the Belarusian history to find some of my answers and I am adding a transnational perspective to my examination.

Объектом анализа диссертационной работы является аудиовизуальные ресурсы современного музейного пространства в системе социально-культурной деятельности. Автор доказывает, что виртуализация музейного пространства и возрастание роли аудиовизуальной коммуникации связаны с процессами технологического и социокультурного развития общества в информационную эпоху. Научная новизна исследования заключается в анализе новых методологических аспектов аудиовизуальной культуры и коммуникации, их роли в виртуализации современного музея как института сохранения культурной памяти. Практическим проектом диссертационной работы является разработка методических рекомендаций по внедрению аудиовизуальных технологий в структуру музея екатеринбургского театрального института. / The object of the analysis of the dissertation is the audiovisual resources of the modern museum space in the system of socio-cultural activity. The author proves that the virtualization of the museum space and the increasing role of audiovisual communication are associated with the processes of technological and sociocultural development of society in the information age. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the analysis of new methodological aspects of audiovisual culture and communication, their role in the virtualization of the modern museum as an institution for the preservation of cultural memory. The practical project of the dissertation is the development of guidelines for the implementation of audiovisual technologies in the structure of the Museum of the Yekaterinburg Theater Institute.

Диссертация посвящена анализу репрезентации культурной памяти об исторической травме как темы музейной деятельности. Выявлена взаимосвязь партиципаторного подхода в организации музейной деятельности и применения мультимедиатехнологий в современных музеях. Проанализировано выставочное пространство, репрезентирующее культурную память, представляющее собой пример тотального включения мультимедиатехнологий в экспозицию без демонстрации каких-либо артефактов. В качестве практического применения исследования на основе подготовленного теоретического материала представлен проект мультимедийной выставки «Вспомним», посвященной 75-летию Победы в Великой Отечественной войне. / The thesis is devoted to the analysis of representation of cultural memory of historical trauma as a theme of the museum work. The interrelation of the participatory approach in the organization of museum activities and the use of multimedia technologies in modern museums is revealed. The exhibition space representing cultural memory is analyzed, which is an example of the total inclusion of multimedia technologies in the exhibition without demonstrating any artifacts. As a practical application of the study, based on the prepared theoretical material, the project of the multimedia exhibition «Let's Remember», dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, is presented.

Ma thèse de doctorat, In the Circle: Jazz Griots and the Mapping of African American Cultural History in Poetry, étudie la façon dont les poètes afro-américains des années 1960 et 1970, Langston Hughes, David Henderson, Sonia Sanchez, et Amiri Baraka, emploient le jazz afin d’ancrer leur poésie dans la tradition de performance. Ce faisant, chacun de ces poètes démontre comment la culture noire, en conceptualisant à travers la performance des modes de résistance, fût utilisée par les peuples de descendance africaine pour contrer le racisme institutionnalisé et les discours discriminatoires. Donc, pour les fins de cette thèse, je me concentre sur quatre poètes engagés dans des dialogues poétiques avec la musicologie, l’esthétique, et la politique afro-américaines des années 1960 et 1970. Ces poètes affirment la centralité de la performativité littéraire noire afin d’assurer la survie et la continuité de la mémoire culturelle collective des afro-américains. De plus, mon argument est que la théorisation de l’art afro-américain comme engagement politique devient un élément central à l’élaboration d’une esthétique noire basée sur la performance. Ma thèse de doctorat propose donc une analyse originale des ces quatre poètes qui infusent leur poèmes avec des références au jazz et à la politique dans le but de rééduquer les générations des années 2000 en ce qui concerne leur mémoire collective. / My doctoral dissertation, In the Circle: Jazz Griots and the Mapping of African American Cultural History in Poetry studies the ways in which African American poets of the 1960s and 1970s, Langston Hughes, David Henderson, Sonia Sanchez, and Amiri Baraka employ jazz in order to ground their poetry in the tradition of performance. In so doing, each poet illustrates how black expressive culture, by conceptualizing through performance modes of resistance, has historically been used by people of African descent to challenge institutionalized racism and discriminatory discourses. Therefore, for the purpose of this dissertation, I focus on four poets who engage in dialogues with and about black musicology, aesthetics, and politics of the 1960s and 1970s; they assert the centrality of literary rendition for the survival and continuance of the collective cultural memory of Black Americans. In turn, I suggest that their theorization of artistry as political engagement becomes a central element in the construction of a Black Aesthetic based on performance. In the Circle: Jazz Griots and the Mapping of African American Cultural History in Poetry thus proposes an original analysis of how the four poets infused jazz and political references in their poetics in order to re-educate later generations about a collective black memory.

Luís da Câmara Cascudo publicou uma vasta obra centrada no homem brasileiro visto pela ótica da etnografia, do folclore e da história. Muito se tem escrito e estudado sobre seu legado. Embora não tenha escrito nenhum livro tratando especificamente sobre música, verifica-se em seus escritos uma grande preocupação pelo assunto e constantes menções, estudos e comentários. Detalhes de sua biografia indicam como a música estava presente em sua vida e, principalmente, o quanto se dedicou ao estímulo aos musicistas de sua terra e à ajuda e incentivo às instituições musicais da cidade de Natal. A atividade de Câmara Cascudo como musicólogo é praticamente desconhecida, pois este aspecto de sua vida ainda não havia sido devidamente estudado. O propósito deste trabalho é trazer um pouco de luz sobre o assunto. / Luís da Câmara Cascudo published a vast amount of work focused on the Brazilian man as seen from the optics of ethnography, folklore and history, and much has been written and studied on his enormous legacy. Although he has not written any book dealing specifically with music his concern on the subject is clear from his writings, as can be noticed on frequent references, studies and comments. Details of his biography show how music was present in his life and, particularly, how and how much he devoted himself both to encouraging musicians and to support musical institutions from his home land. All of Câmara Cascudos activities as a musicologist is in fact unknown for certainly this aspect of his life has not been properly acknowledged in the specialized literature. The purpose of this paper is to shed some light on this subject.

Engelbert Dollfuß, chancelier et dictateur autrichien entre 1932 et 1934, mourut le 25 juillet 1934 au cours d’une tentative de putsch de Nationaux-Socialistes. Aujourd’hui, il constitue l’une des personnalités les plus controversées de l’Histoire Contemporaine autrichienne. Alors que de nombreuses recherches ont déjà été menées sur le régime dictatorial mis en place par Dollfuß et repris après sa mort par Kurt Schuschnigg, aucun travail ne s’est porté jusqu’à présent sur le mythe entourant la figure de Dollfuß. Comment est née la controverse qui survit aujourd´hui autour de Dollfuß ? Sur quels schémas narratifs le mythe a-t-il été construit puis développé? Quels en ont été les acteurs ? Quelles fonctions politiques et identitaires a joué le mythe de Dollfuß pour chacun des grands partis politiques autrichiens et, au-delà, dans l’avènement tardif de la « nation autrichienne » ? C’est à ces questions, jusqu’alors toutes inexplorées, que cette thèse tente de répondre. / In an experimental biographical form, this thesis traces the “posthumous life” of the Austrian Chancellor who ruled as a dictator from 1933, and was killed by the Nazis on 25 July 1934. Although the majority of the population is ignorant of Dollfuss, he remains, paradoxically, the most controversial figure in contemporary Austrian history, and his legacy continues to provoke political scandal and controversy. The theoretical part of the dissertation deals mainly with the mechanisms of construction of political myths and their social functions; in addition, it considers the possibility of the posthumous survival of a historical figure as part of his or her biography. Using the tools of both historical and critical discourse analysis, this project investigates the evolution of the versatile Dollfuss myth, considers its various forms of expression through different media, and assesses its actors and their political and ideological interests. / Am 25. Juli 1934 wurde der seit März 1933 diktatorisch regierende österreichische Bundeskanzler Engelbert Dollfuß im Laufe eines Putschversuchs der illegalen österreichischen Nationalsozialisten getötet. Nach seinem Tod „überlebte“ Dollfuß in Form eines facettenreichen Mythos, der bis heute geschichtspolitische Wellen schlägt und in politischen, religiösen und akademischen Kreisen weiterhin kontrovers diskutiert wird. Diesem bewegten Nachleben widmet sich diese Dissertation in Form einer experimentellen „Biographie des Posthumen“. Der theoretische Teil der Arbeit widmet sich zunächst den Mechanismen der Entstehung politischer Mythen sowie ihren identitätsstiftenden Funktionen. Darüber hinaus wird der Stellenwert von Personenmythen in der Biographieforschung hinterfragt und die Relevanz der Einbeziehung des „Posthumen“ in die biographische Perspektive hervorgehoben. Gestützt auf diesen theoretischen Unterbau und mithilfe der Instrumente der historischen und kritischen Diskursanalyse analysiert die Dissertation die Entstehung des Dollfuß-Mythos und dessen Entwicklung im Laufe der letzten 78 Jahre, untersucht seine verschiedenen medialen Ausdrucksformen und fragt nach den geschichtspolitischen Akteuren des Mythos sowie ihren politischen Interessen. Diese Untersuchung bettet sich in eine breitere Reflexion über die Opportunität oder Inopportunität des Dollfuß-Mythos im Hinblick auf den langwierigen Prozess der österreichischen Nationsbildung und Identitätsstiftung ein.