Purpose of this essay is to conduct a style analysis of Swedish silent film posters with visual storytelling and cultural memory as a theoretical basis. Concepts such as design, color and technique are studied to highlight the historical context of Swedish silent film posters.

Ma thèse de doctorat, In the Circle: Jazz Griots and the Mapping of African American Cultural History in Poetry, étudie la façon dont les poètes afro-américains des années 1960 et 1970, Langston Hughes, David Henderson, Sonia Sanchez, et Amiri Baraka, emploient le jazz afin d’ancrer leur poésie dans la tradition de performance. Ce faisant, chacun de ces poètes démontre comment la culture noire, en conceptualisant à travers la performance des modes de résistance, fût utilisée par les peuples de descendance africaine pour contrer le racisme institutionnalisé et les discours discriminatoires. Donc, pour les fins de cette thèse, je me concentre sur quatre poètes engagés dans des dialogues poétiques avec la musicologie, l’esthétique, et la politique afro-américaines des années 1960 et 1970. Ces poètes affirment la centralité de la performativité littéraire noire afin d’assurer la survie et la continuité de la mémoire culturelle collective des afro-américains. De plus, mon argument est que la théorisation de l’art afro-américain comme engagement politique devient un élément central à l’élaboration d’une esthétique noire basée sur la performance. Ma thèse de doctorat propose donc une analyse originale des ces quatre poètes qui infusent leur poèmes avec des références au jazz et à la politique dans le but de rééduquer les générations des années 2000 en ce qui concerne leur mémoire collective. / My doctoral dissertation, In the Circle: Jazz Griots and the Mapping of African American Cultural History in Poetry studies the ways in which African American poets of the 1960s and 1970s, Langston Hughes, David Henderson, Sonia Sanchez, and Amiri Baraka employ jazz in order to ground their poetry in the tradition of performance. In so doing, each poet illustrates how black expressive culture, by conceptualizing through performance modes of resistance, has historically been used by people of African descent to challenge institutionalized racism and discriminatory discourses. Therefore, for the purpose of this dissertation, I focus on four poets who engage in dialogues with and about black musicology, aesthetics, and politics of the 1960s and 1970s; they assert the centrality of literary rendition for the survival and continuance of the collective cultural memory of Black Americans. In turn, I suggest that their theorization of artistry as political engagement becomes a central element in the construction of a Black Aesthetic based on performance. In the Circle: Jazz Griots and the Mapping of African American Cultural History in Poetry thus proposes an original analysis of how the four poets infused jazz and political references in their poetics in order to re-educate later generations about a collective black memory.

Avhandlingen undersöker minnespraktiker kring andra världskriget i S:t Petersburg med omnejd, en stad som under namnet Leningrad 1941–44 var belägrad av tyskarna i över två år. På fronterna runt den omringade staden rasade under drygt två år hårda strider. Skogarna och myrarna där är fortfarande fulla av spår av kriget och marken gömmer kvarlevor av de soldater som fick sätta livet till under striderna. Avhandlingens empiriska fokus är den rörelse som arbetar för att dessa soldater till slut ska få en begravning och kunna identifieras. I avhandlingen speglas olika aspekter av verksamheten: vikten av ett namn, begravningarna, gemensamhetsskapandet, platsen och krigets spår i landskapet. Sökandet sätts också in i en större samhällelig kontext. Minnet av kriget är en viktig källa till stolthet i Ryssland, och segerdagen 9 maj har hög officiell status och stor folklig uppslutning. Det stora lidandet och uppoffringen bidrar till att göra kriget heligt, både då och nu. Det finns en föreställning om att de nu levande har skyldigheter mot det förflutna – en plikt att minnas. Sökarbetet är en komplex kamp mellan identifikation med och kritik av bärande nationella myter. Avhandlingen utforskar spänningsfältet minne och glömska och undersöker hur minnet av andra världskriget får bestående och ritualiserad mening, samt hur meningsskapandet förändras över tid och i olika sammanhang. / In this dissertation commemorative practices in St Petersburg and Leningrad oblast relating to the Second World War are investigated. The city of Leningrad was besieged by the Germans for more than two years 1941–44 and on the fronts around the city raged fierce battles. The woods and bogs here are still full of traces from the war, and the ground hides the remains of fallen soldiers. The empirical focus of the dissertation is the Russian voluntary movement working to find, bury, and if possible identify these soldiers. Different aspects of the activity are investigated: the importance of a name, the funerals, community building, the place, and the traces of war in the landscape. The search for fallen soldiers is related to a wider societal context. The war is an important source of national pride in Russia, and Victory Day May 9th is a holiday with high official status as well as popular enthusiasm. The suffering and sacrifice from the war contributes to making it sacred, both then and now. There is a widespread idea that the now living have obligations to the past – a duty to remember. The search activity is a complex struggle between identification with and critique of national myths. The dissertation explores the tension between memory and forgetting, and investigates how the memory of the Second World War is imbued with lasting and ritualised meaning, and how meaning is changed over time and in different contexts.

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O objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar a memória cultural de Sólon de Atenas no texto “A Constituição dos Atenienses”, atribuído a Aristóteles. Esta obra realiza uma interpretação da poesia de Sólon e do seu contexto histórico através de uma investigação historiográfica da memória política de Atenas. A formação da memória cultural de Sólon nesta obra é um objeto privilegiado para abordar a memória da democracia, a concepção de regime democrático no contexto do séc. IV ateniense, e o estatuto do conhecimento histórico no contexto intelectual da escola aristotélica. / The aim of this research is to study the cultural memory of Solon of Athens on the text “The Athenians Constitution” ascribed to Aristotle. This source performs an interpretation of the Solon’s poetry and his historical context through a historiographical investigation about the political memory of Athens. The shaping of the cultural memory of Solon in this source is a privileged object to approach the memory of ancient democracy, the 4th century BC conception of democratic regime and the historical knowledge status on the context of the Aristotelian school.

Scandinavian prehistory has hitherto received little attention in the field of history didactics. In Swedish schools, it is taught in the lower grades in accordance with traditional periodization: the Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age and the Viking Age. The aim of the present thesis is to provide an overview of Scandinavian prehistory as presented by 20th- and early 21st-century history textbooks and to trace its development and revisions. These revisions are situated in relation to contemporary society and concurrent developments in archaeological research. This study attempts to demonstrate the extent to which history textbooks and archaeological research correspond. In a long-term perspective, the textbooks form a developmental chain in which the gradual revision of historical culture is made manifest. As presented in the textbooks, prehistoric history expresses a historical culture valid in the context of a particular era. The concept of cultural memory, a memory that extends so far back in history that it can only be mediated by someone with expert knowledge (e.g. teachers, journalists or scholars), is applied in order to observe changes in its description. Cultural memory reveals how some stories constantly recur, while others are neglected or forgotten. The textbooks have been compared to standard archaeological works and their development and revisions have been examined from dual perspectives - "story" as cultural memory and gender. The present thesis reveals that most of the stories have been remembered and repeated for more than a century, though interpretations sometimes change along with changes in society and progress in research. A gender perspective elucidates the chores and activities ascribed to prehistoric men and women, respectively, and the changes they have undergone. Although archaeological findings have been influenced by gender research, this study indicates that society itself has had the greatest impact on the treatment of gender in the textbooks. Perceptions of "male" and "female" have changed and women have been become visible after previously being as good as ignored. Both history textbooks and archaeological research are clearly affected by general trends in society and the textbooks under investigation have evolved from focusing on nationalistic aspects and the predominance of men to assigning equal value to people of all cultures and to the sexes.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar a memória cultural de Sólon de Atenas no texto “A Constituição dos Atenienses”, atribuído a Aristóteles. Esta obra realiza uma interpretação da poesia de Sólon e do seu contexto histórico através de uma investigação historiográfica da memória política de Atenas. A formação da memória cultural de Sólon nesta obra é um objeto privilegiado para abordar a memória da democracia, a concepção de regime democrático no contexto do séc. IV ateniense, e o estatuto do conhecimento histórico no contexto intelectual da escola aristotélica. / The aim of this research is to study the cultural memory of Solon of Athens on the text “The Athenians Constitution” ascribed to Aristotle. This source performs an interpretation of the Solon’s poetry and his historical context through a historiographical investigation about the political memory of Athens. The shaping of the cultural memory of Solon in this source is a privileged object to approach the memory of ancient democracy, the 4th century BC conception of democratic regime and the historical knowledge status on the context of the Aristotelian school.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar a memória cultural de Sólon de Atenas no texto “A Constituição dos Atenienses”, atribuído a Aristóteles. Esta obra realiza uma interpretação da poesia de Sólon e do seu contexto histórico através de uma investigação historiográfica da memória política de Atenas. A formação da memória cultural de Sólon nesta obra é um objeto privilegiado para abordar a memória da democracia, a concepção de regime democrático no contexto do séc. IV ateniense, e o estatuto do conhecimento histórico no contexto intelectual da escola aristotélica. / The aim of this research is to study the cultural memory of Solon of Athens on the text “The Athenians Constitution” ascribed to Aristotle. This source performs an interpretation of the Solon’s poetry and his historical context through a historiographical investigation about the political memory of Athens. The shaping of the cultural memory of Solon in this source is a privileged object to approach the memory of ancient democracy, the 4th century BC conception of democratic regime and the historical knowledge status on the context of the Aristotelian school.

Luís da Câmara Cascudo publicou uma vasta obra centrada no homem brasileiro visto pela ótica da etnografia, do folclore e da história. Muito se tem escrito e estudado sobre seu legado. Embora não tenha escrito nenhum livro tratando especificamente sobre música, verifica-se em seus escritos uma grande preocupação pelo assunto e constantes menções, estudos e comentários. Detalhes de sua biografia indicam como a música estava presente em sua vida e, principalmente, o quanto se dedicou ao estímulo aos musicistas de sua terra e à ajuda e incentivo às instituições musicais da cidade de Natal. A atividade de Câmara Cascudo como musicólogo é praticamente desconhecida, pois este aspecto de sua vida ainda não havia sido devidamente estudado. O propósito deste trabalho é trazer um pouco de luz sobre o assunto. / Luís da Câmara Cascudo published a vast amount of work focused on the Brazilian man as seen from the optics of ethnography, folklore and history, and much has been written and studied on his enormous legacy. Although he has not written any book dealing specifically with music his concern on the subject is clear from his writings, as can be noticed on frequent references, studies and comments. Details of his biography show how music was present in his life and, particularly, how and how much he devoted himself both to encouraging musicians and to support musical institutions from his home land. All of Câmara Cascudos activities as a musicologist is in fact unknown for certainly this aspect of his life has not been properly acknowledged in the specialized literature. The purpose of this paper is to shed some light on this subject.

The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) and the Irish Football Association (IFA) were founded in the 1880s and throughout the history have become more than mere sport organizations. Mainly because of the violent history of Northern Ireland during the Troubles, both associations became entrenched in the respective cultural memories of the two competing identities of Northern Ireland. The large-scale violence ended in 1998 with the signing of the Belfast Agreement that was meant to bring peace and inter-communal cooperation to the region. This paper analyses the development of the two associations after 1998 in the context of the theory of cultural memory created by Jan Assmann. It concludes that the IFA has changed profoundly since the end of the Troubles. It left its post in the unionist-protestant cultural identity and now represents part of the new Northern Irish identity which transcends the social division and is still in an early stage of development. The GAA, on the other hand, went the other way and decided to strengthen its position among nationalists and Catholics in spite of its anti-sectarian and anti-racist ethos and gestures. This difference stems mainly from different history and structure of both associations and the fear of the GAA of becoming marginalized by the British sports if it...