This essay, When women become men, is written with the intention of illustrating a way in which archaeologists and osteologists can work together to derive from the notion that men and women, and masculinity and femininity, are two rigid binary components which oppose each other. This is done on a practical level by analysing the graves from the Viking age burial site at Stora Hallvards, Silte parish, Gotland, Sweden. The analysis has been carried out through the means of osteological and archaeological sex assessments and osteological means of age assessment on the individuals. The main questions asked are how well the archaeological and osteological sex assessments correlate with each other, and what it means when they don’t; whether or not there is a difference in sex and gender based on age; and how the non-normative individuals in the materials can be reached. The essay has been written through intersectional feminist theoretical perspective with a base in queertheory, and an introduction has also been given to different views of, and ways in perceiving, sex and gender in different cultures around the world, with a broad time perspective to broaden the sex/gender discussion over time and space. The results of the analysis show that the archaeological and osteological sex assessments matched in 47,8% of the cases, and did not in 8,7% of the cases. The results are then discussed from a gender perspective, and it shows that there are differences between both children and adults, but also between adults, and between children. The difference can to some extent be linked to age. In this essay, it has been shown that it is fully possible to interpret the material based on more parameters than femininity and masculinity, and that this can only be achieved by seeing gender as the wide range of humanity that it actually includes, such as identity, status, sexuality, occupation and age. All that is required is that one is open to the idea that gender is not linked binary to biological sex.

I mitt kandidatarbete har jag genomfört en analys av George Crumbs (1929-2022) verk VOX BALAENAE (1971) som en form av auditiv paleokonst. Paleokonst är en genre inom bildkonsten som syftar till att med hjälp av paleontologi skapa bilder av hur förhistorisk flora och fauna kan ha sett ut. Andra satsen i VOX BALAENAE är en tema- och variationssats, Crumb har namngivit variationerna efter geologiska tidsåldrar, medan de kringliggande satserna är tillägnade själva tidens början och slut. Mitt fokus ligger på att analysera och jämföra musiken med den geologiska tidsålder som den gestaltar. Syftet med min studie är att undersöka hur Crumb musikaliskt gestaltar de geologiska tidsåldrarna och att se om förståelse av detta kan hjälpa mig att tolka och framföra stycket på ett mer meningsfullt sätt. Genom att analysera Crumbs musikaliska gestaltning av tidsperioderna kan jag få en djupare förståelse av hur musiken kan användas för att gestalta historiska epoker vilket i sin tur kan ge nya insikter om kopplingar mellan vetenskap och konst. Crumb använder sig av rytmik och kopplingarmellan fraser för att gestalta evolutionen samt skapar olika klangvärldar med hjälp av instrumentering och preparering av piano för att skapa musikaliska ljudlandskap. Att analysera ett verk i noggrann detalj är inte nödvändigtvis till gagn för det slutliga framförandet. Arbetet har vållat mig stor ångest och ibland hindrat mig från att tolka materialet ur ett enbart musikaliskt perspektiv. / <p>Ljudinspelning från examenskonsert 26/5-2023</p><p>VOX BALAENAE (1971) - George Crumb (1929-2022)</p><p>Emma Eskeby - flöjt</p><p>Hedvig Bengtsson - cello</p><p>Octavian Leyva Dragomir - piano</p>

Den här studien analyserar den moderna paleodieten genom en postmodernistisk teori och observerar om de aktörer som förespråkar den moderna paleodieten har ett nyanserat och problematiserande förhållningsätt till paleodieten. Studien baseras på fyra källor skrivna av tre aktörer, två böcker av arkeologen Göran Burenhult. Ytterligare en källa är The Paleo Solutionav Robb Wolf, den fjärde källan som förespråkar paleodieten är Swedish Paleo, ett företag som marknadsför paleodieten samt AIP-dieten online. Marlene Zuk är i sin bok Paleofantasymotståndare till paleodieten och hennes argument står i kontrast till de andra källorna. Honräknas dock inte som en huvudaktör och granskas inte av studien. Istället används hon endast för att analysera det positiva metanarrativet kring paleodieten. Studien kommer fram till att förespråkare för den moderna paleodieten ofta exkluderar information som motsäger den bildav dieten som de vill presentera. / This study analyses the modern paleodiet through a postmodernist lens and tries to find out if the proponents of the diet have a honest approach to archeological science. The study is based on four sources written by three individuals, two books by the archeologist Göran Burenhult, another source is The Paleo Solution by Robb Wolf. The fourth positive source to the paleodiet is Swedish Paleo, a company which markets the paleodiet and AIP-diet online. Marlene Zuk in her book Paleofantasy is an opponent to the paleodiet and her arguments are in opposition to the other sources. She is not however considered to be a main actor to be analyzed in this study, instead her arguments are only meant to analyze the positive metanarrative which proponents of the paleodiet advocates. The result of the study is that the modern paleodiet often excludesinformation which contradicts the image of the paleodiet the proponents of the diet wants to present.

Scandinavian prehistory has hitherto received little attention in the field of history didactics. In Swedish schools, it is taught in the lower grades in accordance with traditional periodization: the Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age and the Viking Age. The aim of the present thesis is to provide an overview of Scandinavian prehistory as presented by 20th- and early 21st-century history textbooks and to trace its development and revisions. These revisions are situated in relation to contemporary society and concurrent developments in archaeological research. This study attempts to demonstrate the extent to which history textbooks and archaeological research correspond. In a long-term perspective, the textbooks form a developmental chain in which the gradual revision of historical culture is made manifest. As presented in the textbooks, prehistoric history expresses a historical culture valid in the context of a particular era. The concept of cultural memory, a memory that extends so far back in history that it can only be mediated by someone with expert knowledge (e.g. teachers, journalists or scholars), is applied in order to observe changes in its description. Cultural memory reveals how some stories constantly recur, while others are neglected or forgotten. The textbooks have been compared to standard archaeological works and their development and revisions have been examined from dual perspectives - "story" as cultural memory and gender. The present thesis reveals that most of the stories have been remembered and repeated for more than a century, though interpretations sometimes change along with changes in society and progress in research. A gender perspective elucidates the chores and activities ascribed to prehistoric men and women, respectively, and the changes they have undergone. Although archaeological findings have been influenced by gender research, this study indicates that society itself has had the greatest impact on the treatment of gender in the textbooks. Perceptions of "male" and "female" have changed and women have been become visible after previously being as good as ignored. Both history textbooks and archaeological research are clearly affected by general trends in society and the textbooks under investigation have evolved from focusing on nationalistic aspects and the predominance of men to assigning equal value to people of all cultures and to the sexes.