This study analyzed the eighth grade mathematics portion of the spring 2004 Maine Educational Assessment (MEA) achievement test and the survey questions that were also administered. The analysis was on a school-wide level (n = 182). The two survey questions used were: “Which statement best describes the use of calculators in your mathematics classes?” and "Which statement best describes how you use your laptop in mathematics class: getting data from the Web, finding mathematics problems online, creating graphs?" Correlational analysis, partial correlation, and regression were used to determine if there was any association between calculator usage, laptop usage, and mathematics achievement for girls and for boys in the first state-wide group of students to have one-to-one laptops in Maine. Calculator usage was found to be positively associated with mathematics achievement for both girls (partial correlation coefficient of .189 (p = .011)) and for boys (partial correlation coefficient of .193 (p = .010)) even after controlling for school size and socio-economic status. Though no significant association between laptop usage and mathematics achievement for either girls or boys was found, this may be more a reflection on the survey question being a weak measure than the usage of laptops. In a post-hoc analysis of findings, schools were rank ordered based on the average mathematics achievement score regardless of gender; the top 25% (n = 45) and the lower 25% (n = 45) of the schools were evaluated. In the top 25%, there was no statistically significant difference between school-wide girls' and boys' mathematics achievement scores. However, in the lower 25% of the schools, there was a statistically significant difference (p = .01) between the school-wide average of girls' and boys' mathematics achievement scores, with the girls' score being 1.49 points higher (p = .01, d = .447) than the boys'. Recommendations for refinement of MEA survey questions as well as future studies are provided.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-04-19T15:43:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - José Edivam Bráz Santana.pdf: 4949774 bytes, checksum: e773da8cad6152e9fc914368556f0260 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-07-22T20:25:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - José Edivam Bráz Santana.pdf: 4949774 bytes, checksum: e773da8cad6152e9fc914368556f0260 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-07-22T20:26:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - José Edivam Bráz Santana.pdf: 4949774 bytes, checksum: e773da8cad6152e9fc914368556f0260 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-22T20:26:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - José Edivam Bráz Santana.pdf: 4949774 bytes, checksum: e773da8cad6152e9fc914368556f0260 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research work aimed to explore the conceptions on the use of Scientific Calculator and possibilities of this use in the process of mathematical solving problem. Is was done with students of a Middle School 3º Year class of a state school in the city of Afogados of Ingazeira, PE, between 2014 September to 2015 May. This is a qualitative research, based on, mainly, in the human perception and comprehension and the researcher himself is an instrument to observe the actions and contexts. The case study is the adopted study methodology, as it allows to portrait situations of real life, without lack of complexity and of its natural dynamics. We use as instruments for collecting the data participant observation, interviews (semi structured) with the class teacher and with the students of the case study and researcher notes. We started our research work with a Diagnostic Test, for choosing four of the students of the case study. After that, semi structured interviews were carried out, as one with the teacher class, aiming to identify their conceptions on the use of Scientific Calculator in Middle Level Mathematics class, and the other, with the same aims, with the four students of the case study. After that, we have done, with all the class, a Workshop, for presentation of Scientific Calculator. We have done six sessions of problem solving, three with the use of Scientific Calculator and three with this tool. In the end of the sessions of the problem solving a second interview was done with the students of the case study, in a way of identifying if the class teacher’s conceptions influences the students conceptions, as well as the possible change of conceptions during the process. The results show for a no use of calculator (even the basic one) in the classroom, by the Mathematics class teacher. The results also show for teaching and learning conceptions raised on traditional postures, not in order of students’ autonomy neither the use of essential technologies during their living in society. The students consider that the use of calculator does they mislearning how to do written calculus, made them depend to the machine, that they to calculate in a mechanical way. Another worry, for the students and the class teacher, is related to the calculator not be used in the ENEM and university exams. However, it is worth to mention, that today the exams (like ENEM) and university exams bring situations to evaluate competencies linked to argumentation, concepts and proprieties and not specifically calculus. So, it is not the fact of the use of calculator, itself, that will disturb the students, but the way it will be used. We hope that this research work contributes for a discussion about the issue and it may, in this way, also contributes for a better quality of Mathematics teaching/learning in our country. / A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo explorar as concepções sobre o uso da calculadora científica e possibilidades deste uso no processo de resolução de problemas matemáticos. Foi realizada com alunos de uma turma do 3º Ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola da rede estadual de ensino da cidade de Afogados da Ingazeira PE, no período de setembro/2014 a maio/2015. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, a qual se baseia, principalmente, na percepção e na compreensão humana e o próprio pesquisador é um instrumento ao observar ações e contextos. O estudo de caso é a metodologia de estudo adotada, pois permite retratar situações da vida real, sem prejuízo de sua complexidade e de sua dinâmica natural. Utilizamos como instrumentos de levantamento de dados a observação participante, entrevistas (semiestruturadas) com a professora regente da turma e com os alunos constituintes dos estudos de caso e diário de bordo do investigador. Iniciamos a pesquisa com a realização de um Teste Diagnóstico, para a escolha dos quatro alunos constituintes dos estudos de caso. Em seguida, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, sendo uma com a professora da turma, objetivando identificar as suas concepções sobre o uso da calculadora científica nas aulas de Matemática do Ensino Médio, bem como sobre a utilização da Metodologia de Resolução de Problemas e outra, com os mesmos objetivos, com os quatro alunos constituintes dos estudos de caso. Posteriormente, realizamos, com toda a turma, uma Oficina, para apresentação da calculadora científica. Subsequentemente, foram realizadas seis sessões de resolução de problemas, sendo as três primeiras sem o uso da calculadora científica, e as três seguintes, com a utilização desta ferramenta. Ao final das sessões de resolução de problemas, uma segunda entrevista foi realizada com os alunos constituintes dos estudos de caso, a fim de identificar até que ponto as concepções da professora da turma influencia as concepções dos alunos, bem como possíveis mudanças de concepções ocorridas no decorrer do processo. Os resultados apontam para uma não utilização da calculadora (nem mesmo a básica) na sala de aula, pela professora de Matemática da turma pesquisada. Os resultados apontam ainda para concepções de ensinar e aprender arraigadas a posturas tradicionais, não favorecendo a autonomia dos alunos nem o uso de tecnologias essenciais ao seu convívio em sociedade. Os alunos consideram que usar a calculadora faz com que desaprendam a fazer cálculos manuscritos, tornem-se dependentes da máquina, calculem mecanicamente. Outra preocupação, tanto dos alunos quanto da professora, é com relação ao fato de a calculadora não ser utilizada em ENEM e vestibulares. Entretanto, vale destacar que, atualmente, os concursos (como o ENEM) e vestibulares trazem situações que avaliam competências ligadas à argumentação, conceitos e propriedades e não especificamente ao cálculo. Assim, não é o fato do uso da calculadora, em si, que irá causar prejuízo aos alunos, mas a forma como esta será utilizada. Esperamos que este trabalho contribua para a discussão em torno do assunto e possa, dessa forma, também contribuir para uma melhoria da qualidade do ensino/aprendizagem da Matemática em nosso país.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-08-28T19:49:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Revisão Dilermano V Regis.PDF: 739794 bytes, checksum: d08c982161f7e5a51c6e06ede504f527 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-28T19:49:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Revisão Dilermano V Regis.PDF: 739794 bytes, checksum: d08c982161f7e5a51c6e06ede504f527 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-11 / O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma ferramenta que todos possuem, que é fácil de carregar e que portanto tem alcance popular. Nas primeiras seções apresenta-se algumas operações matemáticas elementares executadas com uma calculadora simples. Começa-se por estudar a operação de divisão de inteiros e como encontrar o resto na calculadora, como operar com frações em uma calculadora e responder na forma de fração, como encontrar a fração geratriz de uma dízima periódica ou ainda como extrair a raíz "n-ésima"de um número real. Para cada operação destas há a preocupação de se expôr também suas devidas aplicações e, quando necessário, de se realizar estudos matemáticos mais profundos como, por exemplo, no caso das congruências módulo m nas dízimas ou derivadas para raízes n-ésima. Em iterações com a adição, por exemplo, trabalha-se o uso adequado de algumas teclas para um procedimento rápido no estudo das progressões aritméticas, juro simples e funções polinomiais do 1o grau. Já na seção de iterações com o produto, propõe-se um estudo das progressões geométricas, funções exponenciais e juro composto. Iterando com as fórmulas de Maclaurin, veremos como é possível utilizar a calculadora simples para encontrar valores das funções trigonométricas circulares e hiperbólicas, bem como os valores dos logaritmos decimais e neperianos. Esse trabalho mostra ao leitor que pelo conhecimento matemático pode se otimizar a calculadora simples, responder questões que antes os cálculos ficariam apenas indicados, ganhar tempo nos cálculos e utilizar o tempo restante para melhor elaborar a estratégia de resolução, e demais vantagens que o leitor descobrirá. / Quero agradecer aos amigos, àqueles que o tempo separou mas as lembranças não, e de forma especial aos 29 novos amigos que o mestrado me proporcionou: Amanda, Viviane, Leozão, Hélio, Flávio, Carlos André, Fabão, Rogério, Marquinhos, Junior César, Paulo César, Edmaldo, Haniel, Simão, Leandro, Kadu, Frederico, Kariton, Marcão, Welington. Àqueles que foram além da amizade e se fizeram irmãos: Túlio, Robison, Alan, Hugo César, César Pereira, Leo Alcântara, Maradona, Eduardo Vasconcelos e Mateus. A esses devo meus reconhecimentos. A esses que leram ou ouviram com cuidado as primeiras versões, que opniram, corrigiram e criticaram, meus sinceros agradecimentos. Desejo agradecer de forma mais pessoal à minha família, pelo apoio incondicional, por me ouvirem mesmo quando nada entendiam. À Dagma e à Dalma pelas lições diárias de força e coragem; a minha esposa Juliana que conseguiu suportar a construção de um livro dentro de casa e por acreditar que eu conseguiria escrevê-lo. Meu maior agradecimento vai aos meus filhos: Priscila pelas horas ao telefone me ouvindo; Pedro, Mariana e Gabriel, pela correção ou reescrita de meu português, pelas brincadeiras, pelas partidas de futebol no vídeo game buscando aliviar meu cansaço, por me obrigarem a ir ao cinema ou por fazermos nada ao final dos meus dias de trabalho. Sem isto, e sem eles, eu não sobreviveria à escrita deste.

Medical imaging can involve different modalities, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and ultrasound. Each examination generated by these modalities has a set of unique instructions, the imaging protocol, which are imaging parameters determine the signal and contrast for creating a particular medical image. Properly managing imaging protocols is like systemically documenting an instruction handbook, which guarantees the quality of scans by providing the radiologist and technicians with appropriate procedures for a given indication. It also ensures patients’ safety by reducing repeated scans to acquire the desired image information. Radiology Protocols (RP) is a company that provides an online medical protocol database to improve protocol management. It recently developed RP Import, an imaging protocol import software, to automatically collecting elements from the medical imaging file – Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) files, and mapping them to the specified protocol database. With the help of RP Import, protocol creation is much faster and eliminates manual definition of the parameters, thus this tool lays the foundation of the further development of imaging protocol management. Radiology Protocols also developed a series of Modality Calculators to assist radiologists and technicians to build or modify imaging protocols as they are needed. These calculators cover most of the essential medical parameter calculations associated with different modalities. By using them, computing specific parameters while editing protocols becomes more convenient, and determining the use and amount of certain medical parameters becomes more precise as well. In summary, RP Import and Modality Calculators are two meaningful tools in protocol management, and they also play very important roles in regulating procedure and dosage during the medical image practice.

<p>The purpose of the study is, through some aspects, to make it visible and compare the education in mathematics in classes 1-3 in Sweden and Turkey. I have also studied the mathematic lessons, textbook and teaching aids, examinations and the use of calculator, on the basis of steering documents in curriculum and syllabi. The method used in this study contains of qualitative interviews and have an unstructured character but also observations noted continuously. The result is a comparison between my own experiences and the observations connected to relevant theories and the questions.</p>

<p>Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur elever på praktisk gymnasieskola använder miniräknaren och hur de ser på användandet. Studien går också ut på att undersöka hur elevernas lärare ser på användandet av miniräknaren och vilka attityder de har gentemot användningen av den. Det ingår också att se vilka skillnader som finns i attityden till miniräknare hos elever och lärare.</p><p>En elevenkät och lärarintervjuer på två praktiska program ligger till grund för arbetet. Resultatet visar på en positiv attityd bland eleverna där många anser att miniräknaren inte har några nackdelar. Lärarna är mer återhållsamma och framför viss kritik mot miniräknaren. En åsikt som framfördes var att miniräknaren kan ses som ett tveeggat svärd. Miniräknaren gör i bästa fall att eleverna kommer längre i undervisningen men även att de i många fall blir beroende av miniräknaren. Att eleverna som en konsekvens också blir svaga i huvudräkning anses som ett problem av flera lärare. Ett annat problem som lyftes fram var att en del elever använde räknefunktion på mobiltelefonen istället för att använda miniräknaren. Lärarna verkar inte ha någon pedagogisk tanke bakom användandet av miniräknaren utan ser den som ett effektivt hjälpmedel att göra beräkningar med. Eleverna ser också miniräknaren som ett snabbt och effektivt sätt att göra beräkningar på. Ingen av lärarna tyckte att miniräknaren har några direkt pedagogiska fördelar. De menar dock att miniräknaren indirekt kan ha pedagogiska fördelar då eleverna hinner göra fler uppgifter och därmed får mer träning. Miniräknaren ses trots</p><p>sina nackdelar som ett bra och är ett accepterat hjälpmedel för matematiska beräkningar.</p> / <p>The purpose of this study is to examine how pupils in a vocational upper secondary school use the calculator and their attitude towards it. The study also examines how the teachers use calculators and their attitude towards it. Another part in the study is to see how the attitude towards calculators differs between pupils and teachers.</p><p>A questionnaire among pupils and interviews among teachers in two vocational programs is the foundation for the study. The result shows a positive attitude among the pupils who do not find any drawbacks with the calculator. The teachers are more restrained and have certain</p><p>criticism towards it. One opinion was that the calculator is a double-edged sword. At most the calculator helps the pupils to reach further in their studies but also makes them depend on it. The pupil’s weaker ability to do mental calculation is also a negative effect according to the teachers. Another problem that came up was that many pupils use the calculator-functions in the mobiles instead of a real calculator. The teachers don’t seem to have any pedagogy-philosophy in their use of the calculator. Instead they see it as a powerful tool to do calculations. The pupils also see the calculator as a</p><p>fast and effective calculation tool. None of the teachers found that the calculator have any pedagogic advantages. However can the calculator, according to the teachers, indirectly have pedagogic advantages as the pupils have time to do more tasks and therefore get more practice. Despite its disadvantages the calculator is considered a effective and accepted tool for calculations.</p>

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur elever på praktisk gymnasieskola använder miniräknaren och hur de ser på användandet. Studien går också ut på att undersöka hur elevernas lärare ser på användandet av miniräknaren och vilka attityder de har gentemot användningen av den. Det ingår också att se vilka skillnader som finns i attityden till miniräknare hos elever och lärare. En elevenkät och lärarintervjuer på två praktiska program ligger till grund för arbetet. Resultatet visar på en positiv attityd bland eleverna där många anser att miniräknaren inte har några nackdelar. Lärarna är mer återhållsamma och framför viss kritik mot miniräknaren. En åsikt som framfördes var att miniräknaren kan ses som ett tveeggat svärd. Miniräknaren gör i bästa fall att eleverna kommer längre i undervisningen men även att de i många fall blir beroende av miniräknaren. Att eleverna som en konsekvens också blir svaga i huvudräkning anses som ett problem av flera lärare. Ett annat problem som lyftes fram var att en del elever använde räknefunktion på mobiltelefonen istället för att använda miniräknaren. Lärarna verkar inte ha någon pedagogisk tanke bakom användandet av miniräknaren utan ser den som ett effektivt hjälpmedel att göra beräkningar med. Eleverna ser också miniräknaren som ett snabbt och effektivt sätt att göra beräkningar på. Ingen av lärarna tyckte att miniräknaren har några direkt pedagogiska fördelar. De menar dock att miniräknaren indirekt kan ha pedagogiska fördelar då eleverna hinner göra fler uppgifter och därmed får mer träning. Miniräknaren ses trots sina nackdelar som ett bra och är ett accepterat hjälpmedel för matematiska beräkningar. / The purpose of this study is to examine how pupils in a vocational upper secondary school use the calculator and their attitude towards it. The study also examines how the teachers use calculators and their attitude towards it. Another part in the study is to see how the attitude towards calculators differs between pupils and teachers. A questionnaire among pupils and interviews among teachers in two vocational programs is the foundation for the study. The result shows a positive attitude among the pupils who do not find any drawbacks with the calculator. The teachers are more restrained and have certain criticism towards it. One opinion was that the calculator is a double-edged sword. At most the calculator helps the pupils to reach further in their studies but also makes them depend on it. The pupil’s weaker ability to do mental calculation is also a negative effect according to the teachers. Another problem that came up was that many pupils use the calculator-functions in the mobiles instead of a real calculator. The teachers don’t seem to have any pedagogy-philosophy in their use of the calculator. Instead they see it as a powerful tool to do calculations. The pupils also see the calculator as a fast and effective calculation tool. None of the teachers found that the calculator have any pedagogic advantages. However can the calculator, according to the teachers, indirectly have pedagogic advantages as the pupils have time to do more tasks and therefore get more practice. Despite its disadvantages the calculator is considered a effective and accepted tool for calculations.

Plastic  deformation of tubes can be achieved in numerous ways. One of the most useful type is CNC tube bending machines which is used in many industries such as aerospace, automotive, HVAC systems and so on. It is important that all components of system should mate properly after producing and because of this bend shaping requires sensitive operation on each components to ensure regularity of production processes with high quality end-product. Thus, the CNC tube bending industry to become widespread. However it brings some troubleshooting like wrinkling, springback, breakage and ovalisation. This failures depends on geometry of the material such as bending radius, tube thickness and also friction factor between dies and the tube. Effects of all parameters should be examined before generating the theory for a best solution. Therefore, prediction of the required moment for the proper bending process with low cost and shortened production time is needed. All of these requirements can be achieved through a C++ form application program.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of real data based and calculator supported statistics activities on 7th grade students&amp / #8217 / statistics performance and attitudes towards statistics when the statistics performance of the students prior to the instruction and the previous mathematics grades were controlled. A quasi-experimental design was used to investigate the research problem. The research was conducted by 84 seventh grade students. There were three groups in the study. Two of them were experimental groups and one of them was control group. The first group received instruction by the traditional method (TM), the second group received instruction by real data based and calculator supported statistical activities (RDBCSSA), and the third group was instructed by real data based statistical activities (RDBSA), the number of the subjects was 28, 27 and 29 respectively. Data were collected through three different measuring instruments: 1.Statistical Performance Test 1 (SPT1) / 2.Statistical Performance Test 2 (SPT2) / 3.Statistics Attitude Scale (SAS). The SPT1 was used as a pre-test. The SPT2 was administered as a post-test. SPT1 and SPT2 were used to determine the statistics performance of the students before and after the instruction. SAS was used to determine the attitudes of the students toward statistics. The data of this study were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results revealed that there was no significant mean difference among the groups with respect to statistics performance. Also there was no significant mean difference among the groups with respect to attitudes towards statistics. The mean scores of the Statistics Attitude Scale items were calculated and the results revealed that the students had positive attitudes to the statements in Statistics Attitude Subscale 1 (Confidence in Learning Statistics) and they were neutral to the statements of the Statistics Attitude Subscale 2. Also the students wrote their opinions about the teaching methods and their impressions were analyzed by making a frequency table. Most of the TM students mentioned that the examples should be more attractive such that the activity sheets could contain real data based examples. However some of the students mentioned that traditional method was good and the subject was understood very well. Most of the RDBSA students mentioned that the teaching method was enjoyable. Most of the RDBCSSA students expressed that the calculators made the lessons enjoyable and the study easy.

The purpose of this study was to advance knowledge about the relationship between graphing calculator use and classroom norm development. An interpretive case study design incorporating qualitative and quantitative research methods was used to explore the question: What happens when an exemplary teacher uses graphing calculators in a college algebra class? The purposively selected participants were the teacher and eleven students of a Texas community college algebra course. All 29 classes of the 14-week spring 2006 semester were observed in their entirety by the researcher. The theoretical frameworks guiding the study were the affective representation system and the Multiple Representations Model of Learning and Teaching with the use of the Mathematics and Science Classroom Observation System for data collection, analysis, and profiling of classroom lessons. Originally developed for grades K-12, the use of the instrument was extended to college algebra. Triangulation of data sources using constant comparative and content analysis methods were used to support the three major findings: (1) The instructor's proactive orchestration of specialized instruction, support materials, and designed activities contributed to the establishment of graphing calculator use as an essential part of classroom norms and promoted students' independent use of the tool; (2) The dynamic and interactive features of the TI-84 Plus graphing calculator facilitated the delivery of instruction at high cognitive levels during student interactive activities providing access to, exploration of, and use of multiple representations for some mathematical concepts and solutions not easily attainable using traditional methods; and (3) Although the majority of students had never used a graphing calculator before the course, all students used the tool at appropriate times during instructional activities, self-reporting that their use of the calculator was generally beneficial for enhancing their understanding of lessons and supporting class interactions. Additionally, all students independently chose to use the calculator during major assessments and reported knowledgeable use of the tool to facilitate improved test performance. Replication of the study is limited because the norms developed in this case are unique to the teacher and students who negotiated their establishment. Suggestions are given regarding educational policies, reform practices, and research extensions.