LIMA, M. R. Efeito da calendula officinalis em ratos submetidos a periodontite experimental: participação das vias RANK-RANKL-OPG e WNT B-CATENINA. 2016. 66 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Morfofuncionais) - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016. / Submitted by Erika Fernandes (erikaleitefernandes@gmail.com) on 2017-01-20T16:06:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_mrlima.pdf: 2579356 bytes, checksum: 5976091267e9fb5683cbc5c4fc27cee2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Fernandes (erikaleitefernandes@gmail.com) on 2017-01-20T16:06:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_mrlima.pdf: 2579356 bytes, checksum: 5976091267e9fb5683cbc5c4fc27cee2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-20T16:06:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_mrlima.pdf: 2579356 bytes, checksum: 5976091267e9fb5683cbc5c4fc27cee2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-07 / Periodontitis is an infecto-inflammatory disease that leads to connective tissue and alveolar bone loss. Calendula officinalis (CLO) has been used due to its anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CLO on alveolar bone loss (ABL) in rats focusing on RANK-RANKL-OPG and WNT signaling pathways. Experimental periodontitis (EP) was induced through placement of a nylon ligature around the upper left 2nd molar, and the hemimaxilla used as control. The animals were divided in groups: Normal, subjected to no treatment; Saline (SAL), that received 2 ml/kg of 0,9% saline solution orally; or CLO at 90 mg/kg orally, 30 minutes before EP and daily for 11 days until euthanasia. In order to evaluate the periodontal tissue, it macroscopic, micro-tomographic, electron scanning microscopy (SEM), confocal microscopy and polarized light microscopy analyses were performed, as well as immunohistochemistry for WNT 10b, β-catenin, DKK-1, RANK, RANKL, and OPG. During euthanasia the gingival tissue was removed for malonaldehyde (MDA) assay. Treatment with CLO significantly prevented ABL, preserved bone internal microstructure (p<0.05) and topography, and also preserved collagen fibers from the periodontal ligament, when compared to SAL. CLO significantly increased the number of immunopositive cells for WNT 10b, β-catenin and OPG and reduced DKK-1, RANK (p>0.05) and RANKL. CLO reduced the gingival levels of MDA compared to SAL (p<0.05). In this way, we can conclude that CLO prevented ABL via RANK-RANKL-OPG and WNT signaling pathway. / A periodontite é uma doença infecto-inflamatória que causa perda de tecido conjuntivo e osso alveolar. A Calendula officinalis (CLO) tem sido utilizada pelos seus efeitos anti-inflamatórios. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar efeito da CLO na perda óssea alveolar (POA) em ratos com foco na participação do eixo RANK-RANKL-OPG e da via WNT/β-catenina. A periodontite experimental (PE) foi induzida através da inserção do fio (nailon 3.0) em torno do 2º molar superior esquerdo, e hemiarcada contralateral usada como controle. Os animais foram divididos em grupos: Normal, não submetido a nenhum procedimento; Salina (SAL), que receberam 2 ml/kg de solução salina 0,9% - v.o.; ou CLO na dose de 90 mg/kg - v.o. 30 min antes da PE e diariamente durante por 11 dias até eutanásia. Para avaliação do tecido periodontal realizaram-se análises macroscópica, por microtomografia computadorizada, por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microscopia confocal e microscopia por luz polarizada, imunohistoquímica para WNT 10b, β-catenina, DKK-1, RANK, RANKL e OPG. Por ocasião da eutanásia foi removido tecido gengival para avaliação dos níveis de malondialdeído (MDA). O tratamento com CLO preveniu de forma significante a POA, preservou a microestrutura interna (p<0,05) e topografia do tecido ósseo, e preservou também as fibras colágenas do ligamento periodontal, quando comparado a SAL. A CLO provocou aumento significante de células imunopositivas para WNT 10b, β-catenina e OPG e redução na imunomarcação de DKK-1, RANK (p>0,05) e RANKL. CLO reduziu os níveis de MDA gengivais comparados a SAL (p<0,05). Desta forma, podemos concluir que a CLO previne a POA com participação do eixo RANK-RANKL-OPG e da via WNT/β-catenina.

Variations in the yield, chemical composition, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. cultivated in Alice, Eastern Cape of South Africa over a period of 12 months using the solvent-free microwave extraction and traditional hydrodistillation methods were evaluated. The GC-MS analyses of the essential oils revealed the presence of 33 compounds with 1,8-cineole, a-pinene, camphor, verbenone, bornyl acetate and camphene constituting about 80 percent of the oils throughout the period of investigation, with the solvent-free microwave extraction method generally yielding more of the major components than the hydrodistillation method. Each of the major components of the oils varied in quantity and quality of yield at different periods of the year. The method of extraction and time of harvest are of importance to the quantity and quality of essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis. Higher amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes such as borneol, camphor, terpene- 4-ol, linalool, a-terpeneol were present in the oil of SFME in comparison with HD. However, HD oil contained more monoterpene hydrocarbons such as a-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, myrcene, a-phellanderene, 1,8-cineole, trans- β-ocimene, γ-teprinene, and cis-sabinene hydrate than SFME extracted oil. Accumulation of monoterpene alcohols and ketones was observed during maturation process of Rosmarinus leaves. Quantitative evaluation of antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration values were determined using a serial microplate dilution method. The essential oils obtained using both methods of extraction were active against all the bacteria tested at a concentration of 10 mg mL-1. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for the SFME extracted oils ranged between 0.23 and 1.88 mg mL-1, while those of the HD extracted oils varied between 0.94 and 7.5 mg mL-1, thus suggesting that the oil obtained by solvent free microwave extraction was more active against bacteria than the oil obtained through hydrodistillation. The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of the obtained oils were tested by means of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH+) assay and β- carotene bleaching test. In the DPPH+ assay, while the free radical scavenging activity of the oil obtained by SFME method showed percentage inhibitions of between 48.8 percent and 67 percent, the HD derived oil showed inhibitions of between 52.2 percent and 65.30 percent at concentrations of 0.33, 0.50 and 1.0 mg mL-1, respectively. In the β-carotene bleaching assay, the percentage inhibition increased with increasing concentration of both oils with a higher antioxidant activity of the oil obtained through the SFME than the HD method. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to analyze the chemical composition of the extracts using three eluent solvent systems of varying polarities i. e. CEF, BEA and EMW and sprayed with vanillin-sulfuric acid. The chemical composition of the different extracts was similar with the exception of methanol and water extracts which had only one or two visible compounds after treating with vanillin-spray reagent. To evaluate the number of antibacterial compounds present in the fractions, bioautography was used against two most important nosocomial microorganisms. S. aureus (Gram positive) and E. coli (Gram negative). Nearly all the crude serial extraction fractions contained compounds that inhibited the growth of E. coli. The hexane extract had the most lines of inhibition followed by ethyl acetate. Bioassay-guided fractionation against E. coli was used to isolate antibacterial compounds. The largest number of antibacterial compounds occurred in the hexane fraction. Furthermore we tried to complete the characterization by extracting and studying other biologically important plant metabolites such as phenolic compounds to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of Rosmarinus extracts

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Durban Institute of Technology, 2002. / The aim of this in vitro microbial study was to evaluate the efficacy of Calendula officinalis tincture 60% (v/v) ethanol as an antibacterial on in vitro Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The standardised disc - diffusion method was employed. Seven pairs of Mueller - Hinton agar plates were used. / M

M.Dip.Tech. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:39:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 681572 bytes, checksum: ac9994d16c43ac5497c24c54bc6c71e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / The uses of medicinal plants are increasing dramatically among the Brazilian population. Researches involving these plants are also growing, however, most of the information currently available does not meet the minimum required to ensure the efficacy and safety of this therapy. The pharmaco-active compounds studied at this work, flavonoids, in general, are located in the shoots. Are natural pigments present in plants and protect the body from damage by oxidizing agents. The human body is unable to produce flavonoids, and therefore they get it through diet or as supplements. Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) has in its composition, large amount of flavonoids, the flower being the most used with ornamental purposes, cosmetic and medicinal. The extract of calendula may be used in the production of moisturizing creams and medicine, such as wound healing, antiseptic, sudorific, analgesic, bile duct, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and vasodilator. The harvest season, an important factor in the cultivation of medicinal plants is still uncertain. The aim of this work was to evaluate the best harvest time of marigold flowers seeking greater productivity and higher total content of flavonoids. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the Fitotecnia Department, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and five replications. The treatments were the harvest period: zero, three, six, nine, and twelve days after anthesis (DAA). The height of the plant (mm), stem diameter (mm), number of leaves and total flavonoid content (% - w / w). We performed growth curve of calendula and their behavior in relation to height, diameter and number of leaves over time assessment. The harvest season positively influenced the total content of flavonoids and the average productivity of flowers, and the three DAA was found higher content of flavonoids. The response was heterogeneous among harvest times (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days after anthesis) and the average productivity of the flowers and the accumulation of flavonoids. Three days after anthesis obtained the highest yield of flavonoids, so it is advisable to harvest inflorescence is made every three days. / Os usos de plantas medicinais estão aumentando vertiginosamente entre a população brasileira. As pesquisas envolvendo essas plantas também estão crescendo, no entanto, a maioria das informações disponíveis atualmente ainda não atende ao mínimo necessário que garanta a eficácia e segurança dessa terapia. Os compostos fármaco-ativos estudado no trabalho, os flavonoides, de maneira geral, estão localizados na parte aérea das plantas. São pigmentos naturais presentes nos vegetais e protegem o organismo do dano por agentes oxidantes. O organismo humano não é capaz de produzir flavonoides, tendo, portanto, que obtê-lo através da alimentação ou em forma de suplementos. A calêndula (Calendula officinalis L.) possui em sua composição, grande quantidade de flavonoides, sendo a flor a parte mais utilizada com fins ornamentais, cosméticos e medicinais. O extrato de calêndula pode ser utilizado na produção de cremes hidratantes e na medicina, como cicatrizante, antisséptica, sudorífica, analgésica, colagoga, anti-inflamatória, antiviral e vasodilatadora. A época de colheita, fator importante no cultivo de plantas medicinais, ainda é incerta. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar a melhor época de colheita de capítulos florais de calêndula visando maior produtividade de flores e maior teor total de flavonoides. O experimento foi conduzido na casa de vegetação do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram as épocas de colheita: zero, três, seis, nove e doze dias após a antese (DAA). Foram avaliadas a altura da planta (mm), o diâmetro do caule (mm), o número de folhas e o teor total de flavonoides (% - p/p). Foi realizada a curva de crescimento da calêndula e seu comportamento quanto à altura, diâmetro e número de folhas ao longo do tempo de avaliação. A época de colheita influenciou positivamente no teor total de flavonoides e na produtividade média dos capítulos florais, sendo que aos três DAA foi encontrado maior teor de flavonoides. A resposta foi heterogênea entre as épocas de colheita (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 dias após a antese) quanto à produtividade média das flores e o acúmulo de flavonoides. Aos três dias após a antese obteve-se a maior produtividade de flavonoides, portanto aconselha-se que a colheita das inflorescências seja feita a cada três dias.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-02T12:51:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003 / Desde as tradições dos povos mais antigos, tem sido atribuídas à Calendula officinalis, propriedades cicatrizantes quando aplicada topicamente em feridas expostas ao meio externo. Diversos trabalhos da literatura científica mundial vêm buscando comprovar essa propriedade terapêutica, bem como relacionar os elementos que a constituem. O presente experimento propõe avaliar os efeitos da aplicação tópica da preparação de Tintura-mãe de Calendula officinalis em orabase, sobre a cicatrização de feridas experimentais em mucosa palatina de ratos. Após realizar feridas palatinas padronizadas, quarenta e oito animais foram divididos em quatro grupos, para receberem a aplicação tópica de três diferentes tipos de preparações: Grupo I: Tintura-mãe de calêndula + orabase; Grupo II: Solução hidro-alcoólica + orabase; Grupo III: Orabase. Os animais do Grupo IV não receberam nenhum tipo de tratamento. Todos animais foram tratados com as referidas substâncias diariamente, uma vez ao dia, por 72 horas, após a realização das feridas e sacrificados 3, 7 e 10 dias depois. A evolução do processo cicatricial foi avaliada histologicamente, através de microscopia de luz, por um patologista que ignorava a identificação dos grupos a que se referiam as lâminas (H.E.). Os resultados obtidos no presente experimento, segundo a metodologia empregada, permitiram concluir que as feridas na mucosa palatina, tratadas topicamente com a preparação de Tintura-mãe de Calendula officinalis em orabase, não apresentaram uma cicatrização qualitativamente melhor do que a observada nos animais dos demais grupos experimentais. / Since the most ancient people traditions, healing properties have been attributed to the Calendula officinalis when it is used topically in wound exposed to the external setting. Several studies in the scientific literature around the world have been trying to prove this therapeutic property and relating its elements as well. The present experiment proposes evaluate the effects of the topic use from the mother-tincture of Calendula officinalis in orabase , in healing of experimental wounds in the rat palate. After perform pattern palate wounds, forty eight animals were divided in four groups. They received topic application from three different type of preparation: Group I – Mother-tincture of calendula + orabase; Group II – Hydro-alcoholic solution + orabase; Group III – Orabase. The group IV animals did not receive any kind of treatment. After the wound completion, all of them were treated with the referred solutions daily, three times per day, during 72 hours and the animals were sacrificed in three, seven and ten days. The healing process evolution was evaluated by a pathologist through optical microscope, without group identification in slides (blind analyze). According the methodology used, the results obtained in the present experiment allowed the following conclusion: the wounds in the rat palate treated topically with the mother-tincture from the Calendula officinalis in orabase, did not presented a qualitatively healing improvement than the observed in the other experimental groups.

There are many factors related to oxidative stress, one of which is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Calendula officinalis L. presents phenolic compounds, saponins, carotenoids, triterpene alcohols, steroids, terpenoids and triterpenoids. Thus, this work aims to perform a phytochemical evaluation of hydroethanolic extract of calendula, and determine its antioxidant capacity and photoprotection in vitro and in cosmetic formulations developed with this extract. Hydroethanolic extract was obtained by maceration, concentrated in a rotary evaporator and then lyophilized. Phenolics, total flavonoids and condensed tannins were determined spectrophotometrically and the identification and quantification of polyphenols was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC ). The antioxidant capacity was determined by the DPPH method and SPF determined spectrophotometrically. The antiradical activity was assessed by the hydroxyl radical and superoxide method. Extract was embedded in gel and cream formulations and evaluated for physical and chemical stability during 90 days, where the parameters were the organoleptic characteristics, viscosity and pH. During this period, it was also evaluated the spreadability according with the area obtained in relation to the weight applied. Antioxidant capacity and in vitro SPF determinations were also performed on formulations by the methods previously mentioned. The results show that the plant had good antioxidant activity , which can be related to the presence of flavonoids (24.67 mg/g) , polyphenols (33.90 mg/g) and condensed tannins (27.30 mg/g) and the amount of rutin (37.25 mg/g) and quercetin (6.09 mg/g) found in this study, but SPF was low in the extract (1.89), and in the formulations (around 1.7). Gel samples showed a higher spreadability than the cream. All samples remained stable during the storage period, thus maintaining its physical and chemical characteristics. / Existem muitos fatores relacionados com o estresse oxidativo, sendo um deles a exposição à radiação ultravioleta (UV), que gera espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO). A Calendula officinalis L. apresenta compostos fenólicos, saponinas, carotenoides, alcoóis triterpênicos, esteroides, terpenóides e triterpenóides. Desta forma, este trabalho objetiva realizar uma avaliação fitoquímica do extrato hidroetanólico da calendula, e determinar a sua capacidade antioxidante e fotoprotetora in vitro e também em formulações cosméticas desenvolvidas com este extrato. O extrato hidroetanólico foi obtido por maceração, concentrado em evaporador rotatório e posteriormente liofilizado. Os compostos fenólicos, flavonoides totais e taninos condensados foram determinados espectrofotometricamente e a identificação e quantificação de polifenois foi determinada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). A capacidade antioxidante foi determinada pelo método do DPPH e o FPS determinado espectrofotometricamente. A atividade antirradicalar foi avaliada pelo método do radical hidroxila e superóxido. Após a avaliação do extrato, o mesmo foi incorporado em formulações de creme e gel e avaliados em relação à estabilidade físico-química, durante 90 dias, onde os parâmetros utilizados foram as características organolépticas, viscosidade e pH. Durante este período foi ainda avaliada a espalhabilidade de acordo com a área obtida em relação ao peso aplicado. Nas formulações também foram realizadas as determinações da capacidade antioxidante e FPS in vitro pelos métodos citados anteriormente. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o extrato e as formulações apresentaram uma boa capacidade antioxidante, o que pode estar relacionado com a presença de flavonoides (24,67 mg/g), polifenois (33,90 mg/g) e taninos condensados (27,30 mg/g), bem como a quantidade de rutina (37,25 mg/g) e quercetina (6,09 mg/g) encontradas neste estudo, porém o FPS foi baixo no extrato (1,89) e nas formulações (em torno de 1,75). As amostras de gel apresentaram uma espalhabilidade superior à do creme. Todas as amostras mantiveram-se estáveis durante o período de armazenamento, conservando desta maneira as suas características físico-químicas.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Calendula is an important plant cultivated in southern Brazil with medicinal properties, therapeutic and for increasing farmers' income. The goals of the study were to estimate the morphological characters like flower height (cm), plant height (cm), number of leaves per plant and diameter of the flower head (cm) of the main stem, also the productive characters as dry mass (g plant-1) and seed mass (g plant-1); ascertain the viability of seed production for the species, the duration of growth periods and development in growing seasons; determine sample sizes for average estimation of the characters mentioned above, with the exception of the seed mass; check the variability of the sample sizes between the characters and evaluation periods and; evaluate the genotoxic and anti-proliferative effects of calendula infusions on the in vivo test system of Allium cepa. It was conducted a field experiment in a randomized block design with three factors which are: growing seasons (August/14, October/14 and April/15), cultivars (Bonina Dobrada Sortida and Bon Bon Yellow) and cropping systems (direct seeding and transplanting seedlings), in a total of twelve treatments. The results indicate greater cycle, flowering period and growth to the period April/15. Cultivar Sortida was superior than Yellow for any combination of seasons and cropping systems for flower height character ranging between 26.84 cm to 39.76 cm. Plants originated by direct seeding demonstrated superiority for flower height for season April/15, regardless of the cultivar. This system was also higher for characters like plant height, leaf number, and dry mass and mass of seeds at the time April/15. For plant height, leaf number and dry weight of the plant growing seasons in August/14 October/14 and April/15 the variety Sortida had the highest averages. In relation to growing seasons, the flower head diameter character had the highest average in the period April/15 of 6.82 cm. Among the cultivars, Sortida differed from variety Yellow by showing 7.03 cm average. The germination percentages of the seeds harvested in three seasons under study were very low for use by the producer. Sample sizes were very different between the characters, and for plant height and number of leaves values were similar in the evaluation performed soon after transplanting and flowering plants. There were necessary smaller sample sizes for morphological characteristics in relation to dry mass production. Evaluation of 190 plants is enough to estimate the mean amplitude of the parameters evaluated for a 95% confidence interval with a maximum error of 20% of the mean estimate. Infusions derived from cut flowers of the season in August/14 showed antiproliferative effect, reducing the mitotic index compared to controls for all infusions, it is not possible to determine whether there are genotoxic effects. / A calêndula é uma espécie cultivada no sul do Brasil com importância medicinal, terapêutica e no incremento de renda dos agricultores. Os objetivos do trabalho foram: estimar os caracteres morfológicos altura do capítulo (cm), altura de planta (cm), número de folhas por planta e diâmetro do capítulo (cm) da haste principal, além dos caracteres produtivos massa seca (g planta-1) e massa de sementes (g planta-1); verificar a viabilidade da produção de sementes da espécie; averiguar a duração dos períodos de crescimento e desenvolvimento em épocas de cultivo; determinar tamanhos de amostra para estimação da média dos caracteres mencionados acima, com exceção da massa de sementes; investigar a variabilidade dos tamanhos de amostra entre os caracteres e épocas de avaliação e; avaliar o efeito genotóxico e antiproliferativo de infusões de calêndula sobre o sistema teste in vivo de Allium cepa. Conduziu-se um experimento em campo no delineamento blocos ao acaso com três fatores: épocas de cultivo (agosto/14, outubro/14 e abril/15), cultivares (Bonina Dobrada Sortida e Bon Bon Yellow) e sistemas de cultivo (semeadura direta e transplante de mudas), totalizando doze tratamentos. Os resultados indicaram maior ciclo, período de floração e crescimento na época abril/15. A cultivar Bonina Dobrada Sortida foi superior em qualquer combinação das épocas e sistemas de cultivo para o caractere altura de flor variando entre 26,84 cm e 39,76 cm. Plantas oriundas da semeadura direta mostraram superioridade para altura de flor na época abril/15, independente da cultivar. Esse sistema também foi superior para os caracteres altura de planta, número de folhas, massa seca e massa de sementes na época abril/15. Para altura de planta, número de folhas e massa seca nas épocas de cultivo agosto/14, outubro/14 e abril/15 a cultivar Bonina Dobrada Sortida apresentou as maiores médias. Em relação às épocas de cultivo, o caractere diâmetro do capítulo apresentou a maior média na época abril/15 com 6,82 cm. Dentre as cultivares a Bonina Dobrada Sortida diferiu da cultivar Bom Bon Yellow, apresentando 7,03 cm de média. As porcentagens de germinação das sementes colhidas das três épocas em estudo foram muito baixas para utilização pelo produtor. Os tamanhos de amostra foram bastante distintos entre os caracteres, sendo que para altura de plantas e número de folhas os valores foram semelhantes na avaliação realizada logo após o transplante e no florescimento das plantas. Verificaram-se tamanhos de amostra menores para caracteres morfológicos em relação ao produtivo massa seca. A avaliação de 190 plantas é suficiente para estimar a média dos caracteres avaliados para amplitude do intervalo de confiança de 95% com erro máximo de 20% da estimativa da média. As infusões oriundas de flores colhidas da época agosto/14 apresentaram efeito antiproliferativo, com redução do índice mitótico em relação aos controles para todas as infusões, não sendo possível determinar se existem efeitos genotóxicos.

Mini-dissertation submitted in compliance with the requirements of the Master's Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Durban University of Technology, 2006. / The purpose of this double-blind placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the relative and combined efficacy of the homoeopathic similimum, taken orally, and the topical application of a lotion made from the homoeopathic mother tinctures of Hypericum perforatum and Calendula officinalis in the treatment of venous leg ulcers. Venous hypertension in the lower limb, occurring from a variety of causes, leads to microcirculatory abnormalities which may permit the formation of a chronic ulcer (Zimmet, 1998). Venous leg ulcers are a cause of much debility, social isolation, depression, fears of loss of employment and income (Royal College of Nursing Institute, 1998). The mainstay of treatment at present is compression bandaging to reduce the venous pressure in the lower limb. Eighty percent of venous leg ulcers will heal within eight to twelve weeks with compression bandaging (Thomas, 1997). Homoeopathy is a system of medicine based on natural laws of healing, and recognizes the biophysical energy of an individual (also known as the vital force) as that which provides the normal protective defence mechanisms of the body, and is disturbed in disease, producing symptoms on the physical, mental and emotional levels (Vithoulkas, 1980). Many plants are known to have wound-healing properties (Curtis and Fraser, 2003). Calendula officinalis and Hypericum perforatum were considered the best plants in a homoeopathic lotion to be used on chronic venous leg ulcers, as they cover all the common problems associated with this type of wound, providing pain relief and anti-microbial activity (Lawless, 1995). In this study, homoeopathic mother tinctures of the herbs were used to make the lotion for topical application to the wounds. / M

Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2015-11-03T13:41:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2088035 bytes, checksum: 387c546949b58bc7b1b7d6d44bc8722a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-03T13:41:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2088035 bytes, checksum: 387c546949b58bc7b1b7d6d44bc8722a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / Calendula officinalis (Asteraceae) é uma planta medicinal popularmente conhecida como malmequer. O extrato de suas flores é fonte de flavonoides, compostos que apresentam propriedades principalmente antioxidantes. Há indícios da atividade hipolipidêmica desta planta na literatura, mas sem estudos de comprovação. Fármacos utilizados atualmente nas dislipidemias apresentam muitos efeitos adversos e alto custo de aquisição, justificando a busca de novos medicamentos dentro deste contexto. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito hipolipidêmico de uma formulação fitoterápica contendo extrato de Calendula officinalis, na forma de ensaio biológico, utilizando Rattus norvegicus linhagem Wistar albina alimentados com dieta de cafeteria. O extrato liofilizado da planta foi obtido por processo de maceração com etanol. A partir deste extrato foi realizada a quantificação de flavonoides totais por espectrofotometria (415nm), atividade antioxidante pelo método colorimétrico de redução do ABTS+ (734nm) e o perfil cromatográfico qualitativo através da CLAE. Ratos Wistar com aproximadamente quarenta dias de idade foram divididos em sete grupos de acordo com o tratamento recebido: G1 (Controle basal): Ração comercial; G2: Dieta cafeteria (CAF), sem tratamento; G3: CAF+ Atorvastatina (10 mg/Kg); G4: CAF+ veículo formulação; G5, G6 e G7: CAF+ tratamento com formulação fitoterápica contendo o extrato liofilizado nas doses 50, 100 e 150 mg/Kg respectivamente. O tempo total do experimento foi de setenta e sete dias, sendo doze dias de adaptação, quarenta e cinco dias de indução e vinte dias de tratamento. Foi realizado controle da massa corporal dos animais, assim como do consumo alimentar e os parâmetros bioquímicos séricos foram dosados utilizando-se kits comerciais. Foi realizada também a avaliação histopatológica qualitativa do fígado dos animais, através da coloração com hematoxilina/eosina. Para as análises estatísticas utilizou-se ANOVA com pós-teste de Tukey para múltiplas comparações (p<0.05). O extrato das flores de C. officinalis apresentou teor de flavonoides de 0,42% e no ensaio do ABTS, o extrato apresentou um valor de atividade antioxidante equivalente ao Trolox (TEAC) de 0,011. O perfil cromatográfico qualitativo, através da comparação com padrões, sugeriu a presença dos flavonoides rutina, quercetina e morina. No ensaio biológico, os tratamentos com a formulação contendo o extrato não afetaram estatisticamente os níveis sanguíneos de glicose, colesterol total, triacilgliceróis e VLDL, no entanto impactou positivamente nos níveis de LDL e HDL, bem como na relação LDL/HDL, sendo este um índice de risco cardiovascular mensurado. O tratamento, aparentemente, promoveu a redução da quantidade das gotículas de lipídios no tecido hepático. Concluiu-se que o tratamento com a formulação contendo extrato de C. officinalis, na presente condição experimental, foi eficaz na modulação do perfil lipídico e a planta medicinal estudada apresenta possibilidade de utilização no controle e prevenção das dislipidemias e doenças associadas, podendo atuar positivamente na redução do risco cardiovascular, sendo os resultados obtidos bastante vantajosos. Esta planta medicinal está contida no RENISUS (Relação nacional de plantas medicinais de interesse ao SUS), havendo grande valorização de seu potencial no Brasil. / Calendula officinalis (Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant popularly known as marigold. The extract of its flowers is a source of flavonoids, compounds which have mainly antioxidant properties. There is evidence of hypolipidemic activity of this plant in the literature, but unproven studies. Drugs currently used in dyslipidemia have many adverse effects and high cost, justifying the search for new drugs within this context. The study aimed to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of a herbal formulation containing Calendula officinalis extract in the form of biological assay using Rattus norvegicus Wistar albino strain fed with cafeteria diet. The lyophilized plant extract is obtained by maceration with ethanol process. From this extract was carried out quantification of total flavonoids by spectrophotometry (415 nm), antioxidant activity by the colorimetric method of reducing the ABTS+ (734nm) and the qualitative chromatographic profile by HPLC. Wistar rats with about forty days of age were divided into seven groups according to the treatment received: G1 (Basal Control): Commercial diet; G2: cafeteria diet (CAF) without treatment; G3: CAF + Atorvastatin (10 mg / kg); G4: CAF + vehicle formulation; G5, G6 and G7: + CAF treatment with the lyophilized formulation containing herbal extract in doses 50, 100 and 150 mg / kg respectively. The total experiment time was seventy-seven days, twelve days of adaptation, forty five days of induction and twenty days of treatment. It was held control of animal body weight, and food consumption and serum biochemical parameters were measured using commercial kits. It also performed a qualitative histopathological evaluation of the liver of animals, by staining with hematoxylin / eosin. For statistical analysis we used ANOVA with Tukey's post-test for multiple comparisons (p <0.05). The extract of C. officinalis flowers presented flavonoid content of 0.42%, and ABTS assay, the extract showed a value of antioxidant activity equivalent to Trolox (TEAC) of 0.011. The qualitative chromatographic profile by comparison with standards, has suggested the presence of flavonoids rutin, quercetin and morin. In biological assay, treatment with the formulation containing the extract does not statistically affect the blood levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL, however positively impacted in LDL and HDL, as well as the LDL / HDL ratio, which is a cardiovascular risk measured. The treatment apparently promoted to reduce the amount of lipid droplets in liver tissue. It was concluded that treatment with the formulation containing C. officinalis extract, in this experimental condition, was effective in modulating the lipid profile and the medicinal plant study presents can be used in the control and prevention of dyslipidemia and related diseases, it can act positively in the reduction of cardiovascular risk and the results obtained very advantageous. This medicinal plant is contained in RENISUS (National List of medicinal plants of interest to SUS), with great appreciation potential in Brazil.