• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 24
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • Tagged with
  • 35
  • 35
  • 10
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

An evaluation of 99mTc-MIBI imaging of Kaposi's Sarcoma in AIDS patients

Peer, Fawzia Ismail January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (D.Tech.: Radiography)-Dept. of Radiography, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006 xxiii, 166 leaves / The purpose of this study was to evaluate 99mTc- methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) imaging, in terms of sensitivity and specificity, for non invasively detecting extracutaneous involvement of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and for differentiating pulmonary infection from malignancy in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients before and after treatment. Current investigations are invasive.
32

Learned end-to-end high-resolution lensless fiber imaging towards real-time cancer diagnosis

Wu, Jiachen, Wang, Tijue, Uckermann, Ortrud, Galli, Roberta, Schackert, Gabriele, Cao, Liangcai, Czarske, Juergen, Kuschmierz, Robert 01 March 2024 (has links)
Recent advances in label-free histology promise a new era for real-time diagnosis in neurosurgery. Deep learning using autofluorescence is promising for tumor classification without histochemical staining process. The high image resolution and minimally invasive diagnostics with negligible tissue damage is of great importance. The state of the art is raster scanning endoscopes, but the distal lens optics limits the size. Lensless fiber bundle endoscopy offers both small diameters of a few 100 microns and the suitability as single-use probes, which is beneficial in sterilization. The problem is the inherent honeycomb artifacts of coherent fiber bundles (CFB). For the first time, we demonstrate an end-to-end lensless fiber imaging with exploiting the near-field. The framework includes resolution enhancement and classification networks that use single-shot CFB images to provide both high-resolution imaging and tumor diagnosis. The well-trained resolution enhancement network not only recovers high-resolution features beyond the physical limitations of CFB, but also helps improving tumor recognition rate. Especially for glioblastoma, the resolution enhancement network helps increasing the classification accuracy from 90.8 to 95.6%. The novel technique enables histological real-time imaging with lensless fiber endoscopy and is promising for a quick and minimally invasive intraoperative treatment and cancer diagnosis in neurosurgery.
33

Approches bayésiennes en tomographie micro-ondes : applications à l'imagerie du cancer du sein / Bayesian approaches to microwave tomography : application to breast cancer imaging

Gharsalli, Leila 10 April 2015 (has links)
Ce travail concerne l'imagerie micro-onde en vue d'application à l'imagerie biomédicale. Cette technique d'imagerie a pour objectif de retrouver la distribution des propriétés diélectriques internes (permittivité diélectrique et conductivité) d'un objet inconnu illuminé par une onde interrogatrice connue à partir des mesures du champ électrique dit diffracté résultant de leur interaction. Un tel problème constitue un problème dit inverse par opposition au problème direct associé qui consiste à calculer le champ diffracté, l'onde interrogatrice et l'objet étant alors connus.La résolution du problème inverse nécessite la construction préalable du modèle direct associé. Celui-ci est ici basé sur une représentation intégrale de domaine des champs électriques donnant naissance à deux équations intégrales couplées dont les contreparties discrètes sont obtenues à l'aide de la méthode des moments. En ce qui concerne le problème inverse, hormis le fait que les équations physiques qui interviennent dans sa modélisation directe le rendent non-linéaire, il est également mathématiquement mal posé au sens de Hadamard, ce qui signifie que les conditions d'existence, d'unicité et de stabilité de la solution ne sont pas simultanément garanties. La résolution d'un tel problème nécessite sa régularisation préalable qui consiste généralement en l'introduction d'information a priori sur la solution recherchée. Cette résolution est effectuée, ici, dans un cadre probabiliste bayésien où l'on introduit une connaissance a priori adaptée à l'objet sous test et qui consiste à considérer ce dernier comme étant composé d'un nombre fini de matériaux homogènes distribués dans des régions compactes. Cet information est introduite par le biais d'un modèle de « Gauss-Markov-Potts ». De plus, le calcul bayésien nous donne la distribution a posteriori de toutes les inconnues connaissant l'a priori et l'objet. On s'attache ensuite à déterminer les estimateurs a posteriori via des méthodes d'approximation variationnelles et à reconstruire ainsi l'image de l'objet recherché. Les principales contributions de ce travail sont d'ordre méthodologique et algorithmique. Elles sont illustrées par une application de l'imagerie micro-onde à la détection du cancer du sein. Cette dernière constitue en soi un point très important et original de la thèse. En effet, la détection du cancer su sein en imagerie micro-onde est une alternative très intéressante à la mammographie par rayons X, mais n'en est encore qu'à un stade exploratoire. / This work concerns the problem of microwave tomography for application to biomedical imaging. The aim is to retreive both permittivity and conductivity of an unknown object from measurements of the scattered field that results from its interaction with a known interrogating wave. Such a problem is said to be inverse opposed to the associated forward problem that consists in calculating the scattered field while the interrogating wave and the object are known. The resolution of the inverse problem requires the prior construction of the associated forward model. This latter is based on an integral representation of the electric field resulting in two coupled integral equations whose discrete counterparts are obtained by means of the method of moments.Regarding the inverse problem, in addition to the fact that the physical equations involved in the forward modeling make it nonlinear, it is also mathematically ill-posed in the sense of Hadamard, which means that the conditions of existence, uniqueness and stability of the solution are not simultaneously guaranteed. Hence, solving this problem requires its prior regularization which usually involves the introduction of a priori information on the sought solution. This resolution is done here in a Bayesian probabilistic framework where we introduced a priori knowledge appropriate to the sought object by considering it to be composed of a finite number of homogeneous materials distributed in compact and homogeneous regions. This information is introduced through a "Gauss-Markov-Potts" model. In addition, the Bayesian computation gives the posterior distribution of all the unknowns, knowing the a priori and the object. We proceed then to identify the posterior estimators via variational approximation methods and thereby to reconstruct the image of the desired object.The main contributions of this work are methodological and algorithmic. They are illustrated by an application of microwave imaging to breast cancer detection. The latter is in itself a very important and original aspect of the thesis. Indeed, the detection of breast cancer using microwave imaging is a very interesting alternative to X-ray mammography, but it is still at an exploratory stage.
34

Development of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Specific Nanoprobes for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)

Lucas, Leanne Jennifer 29 July 2013 (has links)
Novel biocompatible nanoprobes for optical imaging of Epidermal Growth Factor receptor (EGFR) were created. 5 and 18 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and 5 and 45 nm diameter silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were conjugated to EGF protein via ?-lipoic acid. AgNPs were not previously attached to EGF. TOF-MS confirms EGF-linker formation. ELISA verifies the linked-EGF activity alone and with EGF-NPs. Core-shell silver-gold nanoparticles (AgAuNPs) gave similar results. TEM staining with uranyl acetate exhibits a bright ring, smaller than EGF, around nanoparticles. Dark field microscopy shows localized, intense cytoplasmic scattering, possibly lipid droplets, in cancer cells incubated with or without nanoprobes. Following injection, mice organs were harvested for EGF-NP immune response determination. Sterilization likely inactivated EGF before ICP-MS. Intense surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS, 632.8 nm) follows MgSO4 induced EGF-AgNPs aggregation. Pelleted EGF-AgNP tagged cancer cells lack SERS indicative intensity contrast. AgAuNPs could provide increased stability, brighter SERS, and reduced silver biocompatibility concerns.
35

Engineering the near field of radiating systems at millimeter waves : from theory to applications / Manipulation du champ proche des systèmes rayonnants en ondes millimétriques : théorie et applications

Iliopoulos, Ioannis 20 December 2017 (has links)
L'objectif général est de développer un nouvel outil numérique dédié à la focalisation en 3D de l'énergie en zone de champ très proche par un système antennaire. Cet outil permettra de définir la distribution spatiale complexe des champs dans l'ouverture rayonnante afin de focaliser l'énergie sur un volume quelconque en zone de champ réactif. L'hybridation de cet outil avec un code de calcul dédié à l'analyse rapide d‘antennes SIW par la méthode des moments permettra de synthétiser une antenne SIW ad-hoc. Les structures antennaires sélectionnées seront planaires comme par exemple les antennes RLSA (Radial Line Slot Array). Les dimensions de l'antenne (positions, dimensions et nombre de fentes) seront définies à l'aide des outils décrits ci-dessus. Les résultats numériques ainsi obtenus seront validés d'abord numériquement par analyse électromagnétique globale à l'aide de simulateurs commerciaux, puis expérimentalement en ondes millimétriques (mesure en zone de champ très proche). Pour atteindre ces objectifs, nous avons défini quatre tâches principales : Développement d'un outil de synthèse de champ dans l'ouverture rayonnante (formulation théorique couplée à une méthode dite des projections alternées) ; développement d'un outil de calcul rapide (sur la base de traitements par FFT) du champ électromagnétique rayonné en zone de champ proche par une ouverture rayonnante, et retro-propagation ; hybridation de ces algorithmes avec un code de calcul (méthode des moments) en cours de développement à l'IETR et dédié à l'analyse très rapide d'antennes en technologie SIW ; conception d'une preuve ou plusieurs preuves de concept, et validations numérique et expérimentale des concepts proposés. / With the demand for near-field antennas continuously growing, the antenna engineer is charged with the development of new concepts and design procedures for this regime. From the microwave and up to terahertz frequencies, a vast number of applications, especially in the biomedical domain, are in need for focused or shaped fields in the antenna proximity. This work proposes new theoretical methods for near-field shaping based on different optimization schemes. Continuous radiating planar apertures are optimized to radiate a near field with required characteristics. In particular, a versatile optimization technique based on the alternating projection scheme is proposed. It is demonstrated that, based on this scheme, it is feasible to achieve 3-D control of focal spots generated by planar apertures. Additionally, with the same setup, also the vectorial problem (shaping the norm of the field) is addressed. Convex optimization is additionally introduced for near-field shaping of continuous aperture sources. The capabilities of this scheme are demonstrated in the context of different shaping scenarios. Additionally, the discussion is extended to shaping the field in lossy stratified media, based on a spectral Green's functions approach. Besides, the biomedical applications of wireless power transfer to implants and breast cancer imaging are addressed. For the latter, an extensive study is included here, which delivers an outstanding improvement on the penetration depth at higher frequencies. The thesis is completed by several prototypes used for validation. Four different antennas have been designed, based either on the radial line slot array topology or on metasurfaces. The prototypes have been manufactured and measured, validating the overall approach of the thesis.

Page generated in 0.0716 seconds