Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The yellow-cardinal (Gubernatrix cristata) is a passerine bird that occurs in southern Brazil, especially along the border with Uruguay and Argentina. It is an endangered bird and your population is decreasing due to loss and fragmentation of your habitats besides illegal capture. In Brazil, its captive breeding is regulated by the government agency and allows the maintenance of individuals in different places with different breeding systems. Among the parasites that affect passerines, the coccidia of the genus Isospora are the most easily found in both captive and free-living birds. Commonly cause injury to the intestinal tissue and could occasionally affect other organs. In this work, we describe a new species of Isospora in yellow-cardinal and also establish the occurrence of the protozoan and its relationship with factors such as sex, use of parasiticide products, type of cage, contact with feces, food type and frequency of cleaning in birds kept in captivity in the city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. / O cardeal-amarelo (Gubernatrix cristata) é um pássaro que ocorre no sul do Brasil, principalmente na fronteira com Uruguai e Argentina. É uma ave ameaçada de extinção e sua população está decrescendo devido a perda e fragmentação do seu habitat além da captura ilegal. No Brasil sua criação em cativeiro é regulamentada pelo órgão governamental e possibilita a manutenção dos indivíduos em vários locais com diferentes sistemas de criação. Os coccídeos do gênero Isospora estão entre os mais encontrados na ordem Passeriformes, tanto em aves cativas quanto em aves de vida-livre. Comumente causam injúrias no tecido intestinal, podendo ocasionalmente afetar outros órgãos. Neste trabalho pôde-se descrever uma nova espécie de Isospora em cardeais-amarelo e também estabelecer a ocorrência deste protozoário e relacionar com fatores como sexo, uso de produtos parasiticidas, tipo de recinto, contato com fezes, tipo de alimentação e frequência de limpeza dos recintos nas aves mantidas em cativeiro na cidade de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

My master's thesis is about the African elephant (Loxodonta Africana) and is aimed at different behavior elements. These behavior elements were observed in captivity in the ZOO Dvůr Králové and than in the wild in Africa. Observation in wild were carried out on different individuals in various national parks. Overall results were compared and I made from them conclusions about the impact of captivity breeding on the individuals. Key words: african elephant, behavior, captivity, wild Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Propagation and culture has been accepted as an approved aquaculture method for resource managers to enhance and recover freshwater mussel populations. Although juveniles can be produced readily for many mussel species, achieving high growth and survival in the laboratory remains difficult. The goal of my project was to improve growth and survival of juvenile mussels by comparing diets, algae concentration, and culture systems. The first objective determined a suitable diet for feeding juvenile northern riffleshell, Epioblasma torulosa rangiana, a species listed as federally endangered. Three algal diets were evaluated to determine differences in growth and survival of juveniles of E. t. rangiana. After 60 d, mean survival on Phytofeast, Shellfish Diet, and WSSNFH mix were 75.1 (95% CI: 72.2 to 78.0), 78.9 (95% CI: 74.5 to 83.2), and 85.0 (95% CI: 80.6 to 89.3) percent, respectively. WSSNFH mix had the highest survival which was significantly different from Phytofeast (p=0.01).  Mean shell lengths were 2.37 mm (95% CI: 2.27 to 2.47), 2.62 mm (95% CI: 2.52 to 2.72), and 3.11 mm (95% CI: 3.01 to 3.22), respectively.  Juvenile length on all three diet treatments was significantly different from each other (p<0.0001), with the WSSNFH mix exhibiting the highest growth, and Phytofeast with the lowest growth. My second objective evaluated the effect of algal concentration (cells mL-1) on growth and survival of juveniles of E. t. rangiana and mucket, Actinonaias  ligamentina. After 60 d, mean survival of E. t. rangiana for the low (30,000 cells mL-1), medium (80,000 cells mL-1), and high (140,000 cells mL⁻¹) algal concentrations were 39.1 (95% CI: 30.7 to 47.4), 20.7 (95% CI: 12.8 to 28.6), and 12.7 (95% CI: 4.82 to 20.5) percent, respectively (p<0.01). Mean shell lengths were 1.58 mm (95% CI: 1.49 to 1.66), 1.30 mm (95% CI: 1.19 to 1.40), and 1.01 mm (95% CI: 0.936 to 1.08), respectively (p<0.0001).  Mean survival of A. ligamentina for the low, medium, and high algae concentrations were 46.8 (95% CI: 35.2 to 58.4), 24.6 (95% CI: 15.1 to 34.0), and 10.7 (95% CI: 5.45 to 15.9) percent, respectively (p<0.01). Significant differences were observed between the low feed concentration versus the medium and high feed concentrations. Mean shell lengths for the low, medium, and high concentrations were 1.15 mm (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.22), 0.994 mm (95% CI: 0.930 to 1.06), and 0.833 mm (95% CI: 0.770 to 0.896), respectively. All concentrations were significantly different, and the low concentration had the highest mean shell length (p<0.0001). The third objective compared the performance of three recirculating aquaculture systems for rearing juvenile mussels >5 mm. Mean incremental length of juveniles of E. t. rangiana at 60 d in Pans, Buckets, and Upwellers was 1.19 mm (95% CI: 0.746 to 1.62), 1.05 mm (95% CI: 0.608 to 1.49), and 2.07 mm (95% CI: 1.63 to 2.51), respectively. Incremental lengths were significantly higher in the Upwellers (p=0.03). The mean lengths for Bucket and Pan systems were not significantly different from each other (p=0.54).  Percent survival of juveniles for the Pans, Buckets, and Upwellers were 91.7 (95% CI: 87.4 to 96.0), 90.0 (95% CI: 80.6 to 99.4), and 100 (95% CI: 100 to 100), respectively. Survival in the Upwellers was significantly higher than in the Buckets (p=0.018). Survival of juveniles in the Pan system and Upwellers were not significantly different from each other (p=0.05).  Mean growth for A. ligamentina was 1.96 mm (95% CI: 1.03 to 2.9), 0.88 mm (95% CI: 0.048 to 1.80), and 2.46 mm (95% CI: 1.537 to 3.38), respectively (p=0.07). Mean percent survival of juveniles of Actinonaias ligamentina in the Pans, Buckets, and Upwellers were 100 (95% CI: 100 to 100), 86.7 (95% CI: 74.0 to 99.4), and 100 (95% CI: 100 to 100), respectively.   Survival of A. ligamentina in the Upwellers was significantly higher than in Buckets (p<0.0001).  Juvenile survival in the Pan system and Upwellers was not significantly different (p=0.998). Results indicate that the Upweller culture system supported the highest growth and survival in culturing E. t. rangiana and A. ligamentina. / Master of Science

Yes / The aim of this study was to identify the potential impact of positive and negative dimensions of caregiving on caregiver well-being and satisfaction with life (SwL). This study used time-point one data from the Improving the experience of Dementia and Enhancing Active Life (also known as IDEAL)cohort study that involved 1,283 informal caregivers of people in the mild-to-moderate stages of dementia recruited from 29 sites within Great Britain. Multivariate linear regression modeling was used to investigate the associations between positive dimensions of caregiving (measured by caregiving competence and perceptions of positive aspects of caregiving), negative dimensions of caregiving (measured by caregiving stress and role captivity), and caregiver well-being and SwL. Lower well-being was associated with low caregiving competence (–13.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]:–16.67, –10.87), perceiving fewer positive aspects of caregiving (–7.67; 95% CI:–10.26, –5.07), high caregiving stress (–24.45; 95% CI:–26.94, –21.96), and high role captivity (–15.61; 95% CI:–18.33, –12.89). Lower SwL was associated with low caregiving competence (–4.61; 95% CI:–5.57, –3.66), perceiving fewer positive aspects of caregiving (–3.09; 95% CI:–3.94, –2.25), high caregiving stress (–7.88; 95% CI:–8.71, –7.06), and high role captivity (–6.41; 95% CI:–7.27, –5.54). When these four measures were combined within the same model, only positive aspects of caregiving and caregiving stress retained independent associations with well-being and SwL. Both positive and negative dimensions of caregiving were associated with caregiver well-being and SwL. Psychological therapies and interventions need to consider not only the negative aspects of caregiving but also positive caregiving experiences and their implications for caregiver well-being and SwL. / The IDEAL data will be deposited with the UK Data Archive upon completion of the study. Details on how the data can be accessed will be made available on the project website www.idealproject.org.uk. / Research Development Fund Publication Prize Award winner, February 2019.

Scholars today deem Robinson Crusoe the first British novel. Defoe's construction of Crusoe as the atypical British traveler asserts his collective subjectivity within the framework of intimate personal experiences, accentuating his individualism. Yet, as scholars of Orientalism and Transatlantic theory can attest, calling Robinson Crusoe the first novel provides problematic methodologies that arise from affiliating the novel form to a structure associated the British colonialism and fashioning a "superior" British subject. In this essay, I work to emphasize the hybridity present within the novel, utilize historical context to provide a voice to marginalized Indigenous Americans to show how the format relies upon a relationship between collectivism and individualism, assert Indigenous voices matter in the novel, and analyze the relationship of a new collectivism that arises from narratives that cross into American spaces.

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This project considers questions of religious othering in the contemporary United States through the lens of popular post-religious narratives. These narratives salaciously depict mistreated women in order to demarcate certain religions as deviant; authors and pundits then use these narratives in order to justify outside intervention in specific religious communities. By closely analyzing a selection of contemporary narratives written about women from Muslim and fundamentalist Mormon communities with special attention to both the feminist enactments and tropes of captivity which permeate these texts, this project challenges simplistic portrayals of religious Others. In doing so, the analysis draws the reader's attention to the uncanny imitations in many of these texts: in arguing that certain religions "capture" their female adherents, authors of contemporary captivity narratives silence the voices of women whose stories they seek to illuminate. The dissertation also explores the ambivalent content of many of these narratives. When read against the grain, captivity literature offers surprising opportunities for nuanced explorations of religion, gender and agency. / Religion

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-03-18T12:22:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 como_ventre.pdf: 5965140 bytes, checksum: c0f1c449c7386732f2188cfea8393ff4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-18T12:22:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 como_ventre.pdf: 5965140 bytes, checksum: c0f1c449c7386732f2188cfea8393ff4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-21 / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Esse estudo tem como proposta investigar experiências de cativeiro, parentesco, emancipação e liberdade vivenciadas por trabalhadores escravos (ou que se aproximavam a essa condição), nas últimas décadas da escravidão (c.1860 ? c.1888). Nesse empreendimento lançamos mão principalmente do cruzamento quantitativo e nominativo de fontes diversas. Como local de observação o município de Rio Pardo, situado na região central da então Província de São Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul e interligado fluvialmente à capital Porto Alegre, com a qual estabelecia relações comerciais. Sua economia baseava-se também na pecuária e na agricultura voltadas ao abastecimento interno. Como na maioria dos municípios sul-rio-grandenses, registrava o predomínio de pequenos proprietários de escravos, cuja força de trabalho estava disseminada por praticamente todas as atividades e espaços produtivos. O equilíbrio entre os sexos e a presença de trabalhadores jovens nas posses ao longo das quase três décadas de nosso levantamento junto aos inventários post-mortem nos fizeram problematizar a importância da reprodução endógena na persistência do cativeiro até as vésperas da abolição, bem como as configurações familiares tecidas pelos escravos. Nesse aspecto, os projetos e as estratégias de libertação engendradas por famílias negras, incluindo aí tanto a formação do pecúlio como a constituição de laços espirituais, passando pela apropriação dos dispositivos legais (sobretudo da lei de 28 de setembro de 1871, conhecida posteriormente como Lei do Ventre Livre), figuravam no repertório de recursos disponíveis e acionados. Escravos aparentemente destituídos de laços familiares, do mesmo modo, se faziam presentes entre aqueles que buscavam a alforria que, para além de simbolizar a passagem do cativeiro para a liberdade, operava nesse contexto de reorganização das relações trabalhistas como um arranjo de trabalho. O ano de 1884, nesse sentido, é emblemático por marcar a estratégia emancipacionista provincial de libertar sob condição de serviços o maior número de escravos possível, sem romper o poder moral dos escravistas. A presença dos filhos livres de mulheres escravas entre os bens inventariados, assim como os pedidos de tutela vinculados ao uso do trabalho desses menores pelos (ex)senhores de suas mães, ainda nos fizeram problematizar os atributos presentes na liberdade desses sujeitos cujas experiências se aproximavam do cativeiro. A atual situação de descendentes de escravos igualmente será pontuada a partir das experiências de uma comunidade quilombola rio-pardense que habita terras doadas aos seus descendentes nos tempos da escravidão e que resistem desde então à expropriação do território negro. Por fim, resta dizer que os sensos de justiça e direito manifestados por esses sujeitos históricos em relação ao cativeiro, à alforria, à família e à liberdade serão sobremaneira explicitados. / This study has a proposal to investigate captivity experiences, blood relations, emancipation and freedom lived by slave workers (and people who were in almost the same condition) in the last decades of slavery (1860 ? 1888). Therefore, we mainly use the crossing of numbers and names of various sources. As a local to observation the Rio Pardo County, situated in the central region of São Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul province and linked by river to Porto Alegre, the province?s capital which both had commercial relations established. Its economy was based also in cattle and agriculture both to respond internal demands. As in the majority of the counties in São Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul province Rio Pardo had a predominance of minor slaves owners whose work force was disseminated by practically every productive activities and areas. The equilibrium between genders and the presence of young workers at the slavery sites in almost three decades visited by this work among many post-mortem inventories made us to question the importance of endogenous slave reproduction at the captivity just before the abolition and also the family configurations made by those slaves. Under this aspect the projects and the strategies of freedom produced by afro descendents families included their properties conquered, the constitution of spiritual ties and the appropriation of legal rights (the law of September 28 of 1871 above all, known as the Free Venter Law), all of these were among the legal right resources available and, for that instance, were commonly used. Slaves that didn?t have that kind of family ties made their presences among those who were seeking for freedom - that exceeds the simple symbolization of changing the captivity situation - were operating by working adjustments in this reorganization of the labor relations context. The year of 1884, in this way, has its importance ?cause it marks the province?s emancipation strategy of liberating under some work conditions as many slaves as possible - all of this made to the slaves owners not to loose their moral power. Adding to that, the presence of free children from slaves mothers inventoried among the ex-slaves owners properties as also the requests of guardianship linked to the use of these children work force yet made us to question the attributes presents in the kind of freedom these subjects had in their near captivity experiences. The today situation of slaves? descendents is equally pointed in this study by a presentation of experiences of an afro community located at Rio Pardo County that lives in lands donated to their ancestors in the slavery times and that resists to expropriation nowadays. In the end we must point that the senses of justice and rights manifested by these historical subjects relating the captivity situation, the manumission, family and freedom will be mainly explicated in this work.

Beginning with the first European colonists in the New World, captivity has been means of cultural exchange between whites and Native Americans. The narratives recounting the captives’ experiences became popular literature which inspired visual artists who reinterpreted the tales to coincide with their cultural needs. In the early twentieth century, progressive reformer, William Pryor Letchworth, hired artist Henry Kirke Bush-Brown to create a sculpture of captive Mary Jemison who, instead of returning to her natal culture, chose to stay among the Seneca becoming fully assimilated. Aligning with their progressive values, their perception of her character is reflected in the Mary Jemison Monument. The monument creates an image of the ideal woman, immigrant, and Native American who holds and practices white middle-class values of strength, independence, and determination. Exemplifying these American values, the sculpture accesses an American identity emphasizing the acceptance and practice of these supposedly American traits. Immigrants and Native Americans could become fully Americanized by adopting these characteristics and leaving their traditional ways behind. Contingent on their assimilation of white middle-class values, the perceived problems facing a diversified society could be eliminated. In so doing, a more harmonious America aligning with Letchworth’s beliefs could be created.